Large Case (large + case)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Terms modified by Large Case

  • large case series

  • Selected Abstracts


    Association of aldose reductase gene Z+2 polymorphism with reduced susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian Type 1 diabetic patients

    DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 8 2004
    M. Lajer
    Abstract Aims The Z,2 allele of the (AC)n polymorphism in the aldose reductase gene (ALR2) confers increased risk of microvascular diabetic complications, whereas the Z+2 allele has been proposed to be a marker of protection. However data are conflicting. Therefore, we investigated whether this polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a large case,control study and a family-based analysis. Methods A total of 431 Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and 468 patients with longstanding Type 1 diabetes and persistent normoalbuminuria were genotyped for the case,control study. In addition, 102 case trios and 98 control trios were genotyped for a family-based study. Results Thirteen different alleles were identified. In the case,control study, the Z+2 allele frequency was significantly higher in the normoalbuminuric diabetic than in patients with diabetic nephropathy (0.17 vs. 0.11, P = 0.008), suggesting a protective function of the Z+2 allele. No significant increase in the frequency of the putative risk allele Z,2 was found in patients with diabetic nephropathy vs. controls (0.39 vs. 0.36). No association with diabetic retinopathy was found. Although the results of the transmission of the Z,2 and Z+2 alleles in the independent family-based study were consistent with the association study, the number of informative families was limited and thus differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions The Z+2 allele of the ALR2 promoter polymorphism is associated with a reduced susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Danish Type 1 diabetic patients, suggesting a minor role for the polyol pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. No association of the ALR2 polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy was found. [source]


    Risk for breast cancer among women with endometriosis

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2007
    Lisbeth Bertelsen
    Abstract Although several risk factors are common to endometriosis and breast cancer, the results of observational studies of an association have so far been inconsistent. We evaluated the relationship between endometriosis and breast cancer on the basis of data on selected cancers and medical histories from the Danish nationwide cancer and hospital registries used in a large case,cohort study. A total of 114,327 women were included in the study of whom 1,978 women had received a diagnosis of endometriosis and 16,983 had had a diagnosis of breast cancer between 1978 and 1998. Of the women with endometriosis, 236 subsequently received a diagnosis of breast cancer. The crude overall rate ratio for breast cancer after endometriosis was 1.00 and after adjustment for reproductive factors, calendar-period, bilateral oophorectomy and benign breast disease, the rate ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.85,1.11). The risk for breast cancer increased with age at diagnosis of endometriosis, so that women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at a young age (approximately <40 years) had a reduced risk for breast cancer and women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at older ages (approximately ,40 years) tended to have an increased risk for breast cancer. The reduced risks observed among young women may reflect their exposure to drugs with antiestrogenic effects. The increased risk associated with endometriosis among postmenopausal women may be due to common risk factors between postmenopausal endometriosis and breast cancer or an altered endogenous estrogen. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


    Reliability of demographic, smoking and occupational data provided by mothers vs. fathers in a childhood cancer study

    PAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 3 2000
    R. McKean-Cowdin
    A large case,control study of children was used to test mothers' reporting of information on fathers' background, lifestyle and occupational factors. For a subset (104) of 1341 enrolled families, both parents were interviewed about fathers' characteristics. Reliability of reporting was determined for fathers' race, education, smoking status, non-recent job history and use of occupational agents. The ability of mothers to report fathers' race, education and smoking status was high (kappa > 0.70). Mothers were generally able to report jobs held by the fathers in the 5 years preceding the birth of the child, but reliability was higher for jobs held for longer (kappa typically above 0.70), rather than shorter periods (kappa above 0.40). The finding that mothers' reporting on fathers' background, lifestyle and non-recent job history was reliable is encouraging, because many studies on childhood health rely exclusively on information from interviews with mothers. However, mothers were not reliably able to describe exposure to specific occupational agents. [source]


    Occupation and multiple myeloma: An occupation and industry analysis

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010
    Laura S. Gold PhD
    Abstract Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a poorly understood etiology. The purpose of our research was to examine the relationships between lifetime occupations and MM in a relatively large case,control study. Methods MM cases (n,=,180) were identified through cancer registries in the Seattle-Puget Sound area and Detroit. Population-based controls (n,=,481) were identified using random digit dialing and Medicare and Medicaid Services files. In-person interviews were conducted to ascertain occupational histories. Standard occupational classification (SOC) and standard industrial classification (SIC) codes were assigned to each job held by each participant. Unconditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between MM and having ever worked in each occupation/industry and according to duration of employment in an occupation/industry. Results The risk of MM was associated with several manufacturing occupations and industries, including machine operators and tenders, not elsewhere classified (SOC 76) (OR,=,1.8, CI,=,1.0,3.3); textile, apparel, and furnishing machine operators and tenders (SOC 765) (OR,=,6.0, CI,=,1.7,21); and machinery manufacturing, except electrical (SIC 35) (OR,=,3.3, CI,=,1.7,6.7). Several service occupations and industries, such as food and beverage preparation (SOC 521) (OR,=,2.0, CI,=,1.1,3.8), were also associated with MM. One occupation that has been associated with MM in several previous studies, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers (SOC 644) was associated with a non-significantly elevated risk (OR,=,3.6, CI,=,0.7,19). Conclusions We found associations between the risk of MM and employment in several manufacturing and service-related occupations and industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:768,779, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


    Opposing effects of HLA,DRB1*13 alleles on the risk of developing anti,citrullinated protein antibody,positive and anti,citrullinated protein antibody,negative rheumatoid arthritis

    ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2009
    Emeli Lundström
    Objective The effect of non,shared epitope HLA,DRB1 alleles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of several HLA,DRB1 alleles, independent of the shared epitope, on the risk of developing anti,citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA),positive or ACPA-negative RA in a large case,control study. Methods HLA typing for the DRB1 gene was performed in 1,352 patients with RA and 922 controls from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis study. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results DRB1*13 was found to protect against ACPA-positive RA when stratifying for the shared epitope and using a dominant genetic model (RR 0.41 [95% CI 0.26,0.64]). Furthermore, DRB1*13 neutralized the effect of the shared epitope in ACPA-positive RA (RR 3.91 [95% CI 3.04,5.02] in patients who had the shared epitope but not DRB1*13, and RR 1.22 [95% CI 0.81,1.83] in patients with both the shared epitope and DRB1*13, as compared with patients negative for both the shared epitope and DRB1*13). However, we did not replicate the previous published risk of ACPA-negative RA conferred by DRB1*03 when a dominant genetic model was used (RR 1.29 [95% CI 0.91,1.82]). Similarly, no significant effect of DRB1*03 on RR for ACPA-negative RA was seen using the recessive genetic model (RR 1.18 [95% CI 0.6,2.4]). In contrast, the combination of DRB1*03 and DRB1*13 was significantly associated with increased risk of developing ACPA-negative RA (RR 2.07 [95% CI 1.17,3.67]). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the DRB1*13 allele plays a dual role in the development of RA, by protecting against ACPA-positive RA but, in combination with DRB1*03, increasing the risk of ACPA-negative RA. [source]


    MEMORY ORGANIZATION AS THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN CASE-BASED REASONING AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN BIOMEDICINE

    COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3-4 2006
    Isabelle Bichindaritz
    Mémoire proposes a general framework for reasoning from cases in biology and medicine. Part of this project is to propose a memory organization capable of handling large cases and case bases as occur in biomedical domains. This article presents the essential principles for an efficient memory organization based on pertinent work in information retrieval (IR). IR systems have been able to scale up to terabytes of data taking advantage of large databases research to build Internet search engines. They search for pertinent documents to answer a query using term-based ranking and/or global ranking schemes. Similarly, case-based reasoning (CBR) systems search for pertinent cases using a scoring function for ranking the cases. Mémoire proposes a memory organization based on inverted indexes which may be powered by databases to search and rank efficiently through large case bases. It can be seen as a first step toward large-scale CBR systems, and in addition provides a framework for tight cooperation between CBR and IR. [source]