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Lamellar Bone (lamellar + bone)
Selected AbstractsScanning texture analysis of lamellar bone using microbeam synchrotron X-ray radiationJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2007Wolfgang Wagermaier Texture analysis with microbeam scanning diffraction enables the local mapping of three-dimensional crystallite orientation in heterogeneous natural and synthetic materials. Cortical (compact) bone is an example of a hierarchically structured biocomposite, which is built mainly of cylindrical osteons, having a lamellar texture at the micrometre level. In this work, a combination of microbeam synchrotron X-ray texture analysis with thin sections of osteonal bone is used to measure the three-dimensional distribution of the c -axis orientation of the mineral apatite in bone with positional resolution of 1,µm. The data reduction procedure needed to go from the stereographic projection of X-ray intensity to the determination of the local orientation of mineralized collagen fibrils is described. The procedure can be applied to other mineralized tissues (such as trabecular bone and chitin) with micrometre scale and biologically controlled fibrillar texture. [source] Early healing of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the beagle dog.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2009De novo bone formation Abstract Objectives: Describe the early phases of tissue integration in implants placed into fresh extraction sockets and test whether a new implant surface nano-topography (DCD nano-particles, NanotiteÔ) promotes early osseointegration when compared with minimally rough surface implants (DAE, Osseotite®). Material and Methods: Sixteen beagle dogs received 64 test and control implants randomly installed into the distal socket of 3P3 and 4P4. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC) and bone area was performed at 4 h, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Wound healing initiated with a coagulum that was substituted by a provisional matrix at 1 week. Bone formation started concomitant to a marked bone resorption. At 2 weeks, woven bone formation was evident and gradually remodelled into lamellar bone at 4 and 8 weeks. BIC increased similarly throughout the study in both groups with a tendency to higher percentages for the test devices at 2 and 4 weeks. The influence of the DCD nano-particles was more evident at the fourth premolar site. Conclusion: Osseointegration occurred similarly at both implant groups, although the socket dimension appeared to influence bone healing. It is suggested that the enhanced nano-topography has a limited effect in the immediate implant surgical protocol. [source] Remodeling of fracture callus in mice is consistent with mechanical loading and bone remodeling theoryJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009Hanna Isaksson Abstract During the remodeling phase of fracture healing in mice, the callus gradually transforms into a double cortex, which thereafter merges into one cortex. In large animals, a double cortex normally does not form. We investigated whether these patterns of remodeling of the fracture callus in mice can be explained by mechanical loading. Morphologies of fractures after 21, 28, and 42 days of healing were determined from an in vivo mid-diaphyseal femoral osteotomy healing experiment in mice. Bone density distributions from microCT at 21 days were converted into adaptive finite element models. To assess the effect of loading mode on bone remodeling, a well-established remodeling algorithm was used to examine the effect of axial force or bending moment on bone structure. All simulations predicted that under axial loading, the callus remodeled to form a single cortex. When a bending moment was applied, dual concentric cortices developed in all simulations, corresponding well to the progression of remodeling observed experimentally and resulting in quantitatively comparable callus areas of woven and lamellar bone. Effects of biological differences between species or other reasons cannot be excluded, but this study demonstrates how a difference in loading mode could explain the differences between the remodeling phase in small rodents and larger mammals. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 664,672, 2009 [source] Two peculiar conditions following a coma: A clinical case of heterotopic ossification concomitant with keloid formationCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2008Carla Palumbo Abstract The etiology and formation pattern of heterotopic ossifications (HO) are still unknown. They occur in soft tissues in which bone does not normally form, near one or more proximal joints. In this article, the authors report a peculiar case of a 31-year-old patient affected by scapulo-humeral ankylosis that occurred about 6 months after a coma, in which two unusual concomitant conditions were observed: HO formation in the scapulo-humeral region and the development of keloids during wound repair. The scapulo-humeral ankylosis was resolved surgically with the removal of the HO, which was then studied morphologically to understand its formation pattern. By light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that heterotopic bone displays the normal microscopic structure of primary bone, in which two types of bone tissue were recognized, i.e., woven-fibered bone, deeply located and produced first, and lamellar bone. This suggests that the pattern of HO formation retraces the ontogenetic steps that normally occur during intramembranous ossification. The authors also discuss the peculiar concomitance of HO formation and keloid development, speculating that, although they are different conditions localized in dissimilar regions, they might be hypothetically triggered by a common event, such as the release of factors likely issued during the coma status. Clin. Anat. 21:348,354, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Histologic Analysis of Clinical Biopsies Taken 6 Months and 3 Years after Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with 80% Bovine Hydroxyapatite and 20% Autogenous Bone Mixed with Fibrin GlueCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001Mats Hallman DDS Abstract: Background: Bovine hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Pharmaceutical, Wollhausen, Switzerland) has been suggested to be used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures prior to or in conjunction with implant placement. However, the long-term histologic fate of this material is not well understood. Purpose: The aim with this study was to histologically evaluate the tissue response in patients to a mixture of bovine hydroxyapatite (BH), autogenous bone, and fibrin glue 6 months and 3 years after a maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure. Materials and Method: Biopsies were taken from a group of 20 consecutive patients 6 months (n = 16) and 3 years (n = 12) after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a mixture of BH (80%), autogenous bone (20%), and fibrin glue and prepared for histologic analysis. Results: Light microscopy and morphometry from biopsies taken after 6 months showed various amounts of mineralized bone tissue. The specimen area was occupied by 54.1 ± 12.6% nonmineralized tissue, followed by 21.2 ± 24.5% lamellar bone, 14.5 ± 10.3% BH particles, and 10.2 ± 13.4% woven bone. The nonmineralized tissue seen in bone-forming areas consisted of a loose connective tissue, rich with vessels and cells. There were no signs of resorption of the BH particles. The lamellar bone appeared to have originated from the recipient site and was seldom in contact with the BH particles. After 3 years, the nonmineralized tissue area had decreased to 36.0 ± 19.0% (p > .05) and consisted mainly of bone marrow tissue. The surface area of lamellar bone had increased to 50.7 ± 22.8% (p > .05), and there was almost no immature bone. The mean specimen area occupied by BH particles, was 12.4 ± 8.7% and had not changed from 6 months (not significant). Moreover, the sizes of the particles were similar after 6 months and 3 years. The degree of BH particle,bone contact had increased from 28.8%± 19.9% after 6 months to 54.5 ± 28.8% after 3 years (p > .05). Conclusion: Histology of specimens from maxillary sinuses augmented with 80% BH particles, 20% autogenous bone, and fibrin glue showed a positive bone tissue response after 6 months and 3 years after augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor prior to implant placement in a group fo 20 patients. The bone surrounding and in contact with the BH particles after 6 months was mainly immature woven bone, which with time was replaced by mature lamellar bone filling the interparticle space as observed in the 3-year specimens. Moreover, bone-integrated BH particles seem to be resistant to resorption. The results indicate that the procedure may be considered when only small amounts of intraoral autogenous bone graft are available. [source] Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous boneCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010Arne Mordenfeld Abstract Objective: The purpose of the present study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the long-term tissue response to deproteinized bovine bone (DPBB) particles used in association with autogenous bone and to compare particle size after 6 months and 11 years, in the same patients, in order to determine possible resorption. Material and methods: Twenty consecutive patients (14 women and six men) with a mean age of 62 years (range 48,69 years) with severe atrophy of the posterior maxilla were included in this study. Thirty maxillary sinuses with <5 mm subantral alveolar bone were augmented with a mixture of 80% DPBB and 20% autogenous bone. Eleven years (mean 11.5 years) after augmentation, biopsies were taken from the grafted areas of the 11 patients who volunteered to participate in this new surgical intervention. The following histomorphometrical measurements were performed in these specimens: total bone area in percentage, total area of the DPBB, total area of marrow space, the degree of DPBB,bone contact (percentage of the total surface length for each particle), the length of all DPBB particles and the area of all DPBB particles. The length and the area of the particles were compared with samples harvested from the same patients at 6 months (nine samples) and pristine particles from the manufacturer. Results: The biopsies consisted of 44.7±16.9% lamellar bone, 38±16.9% marrow space and 17.3±13.2% DPBB. The degree of DPBB to bone contact was 61.5±34%. There were no statistically significant differences between the length and area of the particles after 11 years compared with those measured after 6 months in the same patients or to pristine particles from the manufacturer. Conclusion: DPBB particles were found to be well integrated in lamellar bone, after sinus floor augmentation in humans, showing no significant changes in particle size after 11 years. To cite this article: Mordenfeld A, Hallman M, Johansson CB, Albrektsson T. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous bone. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 961,970. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01939.x [source] Orthodontic loading of titanium miniplates in dogs: microradiographic and histological evaluationCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008M. A. Cornelis Abstract Objectives: The objectives of this animal study were to evaluate if orthodontic loading has an impact on osseointegration of screws supporting miniplates, and to describe the histological components of the bone,screw interface. Materials and methods: Eighty orthodontic miniplates were placed in the jaws of 10 dogs. After 2 weeks, a 125 g force was applied between the miniplates of one upper quadrant of each dog and between those of the controlateral lower quadrant. The others, nonloaded miniplates, were considered as controls. Five dogs were sacrificed 7 weeks after implantation and the remaining five dogs after 29 weeks [Short Term (ST) and Long Term (LT) groups, respectively]. Fluorochromes were injected at implantation and at sacrifice. Jaw quadrants were dissected, embedded, cut into undecalcified transverse sections through the screws and finally submitted to microradiographic analysis to allow assessment of bone,implant contact (BIC) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV). The sections were observed under UV light and stained in order to examine them under ordinary light. Results: Osseointegration occurred around 90/160 screws and consisted mainly in limited repair and remodelling processes of lamellar bone, without inflammation. Wide variations were observed in BIC and BV/TV, but without any significant difference, neither between the loaded and the nonloaded screws, nor according to the direction of load, whereas they were significantly higher in the LT than in the ST group. Nonosseointegrated screws were surrounded by fibrous tissue. Osteoblastic activity, when present in front of these screws, was not sufficient to achieve stability. Conclusions: Osseointegration underlying orthodontic anchorage was not affected by loading. BIC increased with time and varied according to implantation site. Particularly the tight-fitting screw insertion appeared crucial in determining the appropriate bone healing response. [source] Prevalence and management of Schneiderian membrane perforations during sinus-lift proceduresCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Federico Hernández-Alfaro Abstract: This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of surgical complications of the sinus graft procedure and to set a protocol to repair sinus membrane perforations intraoperatively using a variety of techniques and materials. From January 2000 to May 2005, 338 patients were studied, on whom 474 sinus floor augmentation procedures were performed, and a total of 1166 dental implants were simultaneously placed. A total of 104 perforations of the sinus membrane were observed (19 were bilateral). In group number 1, sinus membrane perforations of <5 mm were observed in 56 sinus augmentation procedures (53.85%), 44 were treated using a resorbable collagen membrane and 12 were sutured with a resorbable material. In group number 2, 28 sinus membranes had a perforation size between 5 and 10 mm (26.92%) and were treated using lamellar bone combined with a resorbable membrane. Group number 3 consisted of 20 sinus membrane perforations>10 mm (19.23%), 10 were covered with lamellar bone combined with a buccal fat pad flap, six were treated with a mandibular block graft and four perforations were treated with only a lamellar bone sheet. Two-hundred and seventy-eight implants were placed under repaired membrane perforations and 247 implants survived. Interestingly enough, all the 25 implants that failed to integrate were placed under perforated and reconstructed membranes during the sinus lift procedure. Based on the results of this study, the survival rates of implants placed under reconstructed membranes correlate inversely with the size of the perforations. [source] Evaluation of a novel biphasic calcium phosphate in standardized bone defects.CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2007A histologic, histomorphometric study in the mandibles of minipigs Abstract: Objective: A novel biphasic calcium phosphate (CaP) granulate consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and ,-tricalciumphosphate (TCP) was compared with pure HA and pure TCP and with autograft as positive control. Materials and methods: Four standardized bone defects were prepared in both mandibular angles of 16 minipigs and grafted with autogenous bone chips, HA, HA/TCP (60% : 40%), or TCP. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of bone formation and graft degradation followed healing periods of 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks. Results: 2 weeks: more bone formation in defects filled with autograft than with the three CaP materials (P<0.05). 4 weeks: bone formation differed significantly (P<0.05) between all four materials (autograft>TCP>HA/TCP>HA). 8 weeks: more bone formation in defects with autograft and TCP than with HA/TCP (P<0.05), and HA/TCP had more bone formation than HA (P<0.05). 24 weeks: no difference in bone formation between the groups. Autograft and TCP resorbed quickly and almost completely over 8 weeks, whereas HA/TCP and HA showed limited degradation over 24 weeks. Conclusion: All defects healed with mature lamellar bone and intimate contact between bone and the remaining graft material. The rate of bone formation corresponded to the content of TCP in the CaP materials. [source] Implant osseointegration in the irradiated mandibleCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002A comparative study in dogs with a microradiographic, histologic assessment Abstract: This research focuses on the effects of radiotherapy on the osseointegration of dental implants placed before or after radiotherapy in 11 male beagles. After the extraction of all mandibular premolars 1st and 2nd molars, three dogs were implanted without radiotherapy (Control group), four dogs were irradiated 4 weeks after implantation (IrA group) and four dogs were irradiated 8 weeks before implantation (IrB group). Eight implants were placed in each dog, in an alternating pattern: four nonsubmerged ITI Bonefit® titanium plasma spray-coated and four submerged Steri-Oss® hydroxyapatite-coated. The irradiated dogs received 4.3 Gy daily for 10 days. Two different fluorescent markers were administered at the time of implantation and of irradiation. The dogs were sacrificed 6 months after implantation, i.e. 5 months after radiotherapy for the IrA group and 8 months for the IrB group. Each mandible was submitted to histological and microradiographic analysis. Bone formation occurred around 85 of the 88 implants and consisted mostly of the successive deposit of woven and lamellar bone. Both irradiated groups showed obvious bone remodeling in alveolar bone as well as in the basilar part of the mandible. Nevertheless, in the IrA group, the resorption phenomena predominated over osteogenesis. The balance between these two opposite processes seemed to be restored 8 months after the end of radiotherapy (IrB group). In spite of focal lesions of radiation-specific bone destruction emphasized in some irradiated dogs, we conclude from our results that osseointegration of dental implants is possible in irradiated bone tissue. Résumé Cette recherche met en évidence les effets de la radiothérapie sur l'ostéointégration d'implants dentaires placés avant ou après une radiothérapie chez onze beagles mâles. Après l'extraction des prémolaires et des premières et secondes molaires à la mandibule, trois chiens ont été implantés sans être irradiés (groupe contrôle), quatre chiens ont été irradiés quatre semaines après l'implantation (groupe IrA) et quatre chiens ont été irradiés huit semaines avant l'implantation (groupe IrB). Huit implants ont été placés chez chaque chien, alternativement quatre implants ITI Bonefit® recouverts d'un plasma spray titane, placés suivant la technique enfouie et quatre implants Steri-Oss® recouverts d'hydroxyapatite et placés suivant la technique non-enfouie. Les chiens irradiés ont reçu une dose quotidienne de 4,3 Gy pendant dix jours. Deux marqueurs fluorescents de l'ostéogenèse ont été administrés, l'un au moment de l'implantation et l'autre au cours de l'irradiation. Les chiens ont été sacrifiés six mois après l'implantation, autrement dit, cinq mois après la radiothérapie pour le groupe IrA et huit mois après la radiothérapie pour le groupe IrB. Chaque hémimandibule a été soumise à une analyse histologique et microradiographique. De l'os néoformé a été mis en évidence autour de 85 implants sur les 88 placés. Cette formation osseuse est constituée d'os fibreux réticulé suivi d'une apposition d'os lamellaire. Les deux groupes irradiés ont montré un incontestable remaniement osseux non seulement au niveau de l'os alvéolaire mais aussi au niveau de la partie basilaire de la mandibule . Toutefois, dans le groupe IrA, les phénomènes de résorption osseuse dominent ceux de l'ostéogenèse. L'équilibre entre la résorption et l'apposition ossseuse semble être rétabli huit mois après la fin de la radiothérapie (groupe IrB). Malgré la présence de lésions osseuses, typiques de l'irradiation, relevées au niveau de certains chiens irradiés, nous concluons, d'après nos résultats que l'ostéointégration d'implants dentaires est possible dans le tissu osseux irradié. Zusammenfassung Diese Studie untersucht den Effekt der Radiotherapie auf die Osseointegration von dentalen Implantaten, welche vor oder nach Radiotherapie bei 11 männlichen Beagle-Hunden eingesetzt wurden. Im Unterkiefer wurden alle Prämolaren, die ersten und zweiten Molaren extrahiert. Bei 3 Hunden wurden die Implantate ohne Radiotherapie eingesetzt (Kontrollgruppe), bei 4 Hunden wurde 4 Wochen nach der Implantaten eine Bestrahlung durchgeführt (IrA Gruppe) und bei 4 Hunden wurde eine Bestrahlung 8 Wochen vor der Implantation durchgeführt (IrB Gruppe). Jedem Hund wurden 8 Implantate eingesetzt. Es wurden abwechselnd 4 transmukosale ITI Bonefit® Implantate mit Titanplasmabesichtung und 4 submukosale Steri-Oss® Implantate mit Hydroxyapatitbeschichtung eingesetzt. Die bestrahlten Hunde erhielten während 10 Tagen 4.3 Gy pro Tag. Zum Zeitpunkt der Implatation und der Bestrahlung wurden 2 verschiedene fluoreszierende Marker verabreicht. Die Hunde wurden 6 Monate nach der Implantation, d.h. 5 Monate nach Bestrahlung für die IrA Gruppe und 8 Monate nach Bestrahlung dür die IrB Gruppe, geopfert. Jeder Unterkiefer wurde histologisch und histomorphometrisch untersucht. Bei 85 der 88 Implantate trat eine Knochenbildung auf, welche zumeist aus einer successiven Ablagerung von Geflecht- und Lamellenknochen bestand. Beide bestrahlten Gruppen zeigten deutliche Knochenumbauvorgänge sowohl im Alveolarknochen als auch im basalen Teil des Unterkiefers. Jedoch waren in der IrA Gruppe die Resorptionsphänomene dominanter als die Osteogenese. Das Gleichgewicht zwischen diesen beiden entgegengesetzten Prozessen schien 8 Monate nach Beendigung der Radiotherapie (IrB Gruppe) wiederhergestellt. Obwohl einige lokale Läsionen von bestrahlungsbedingter Knochendestruktion bestanden, ziehen wir aufgrund unserer Resultate die Schlussfolgerung, dass eine Osseointegration von dentalen Implantaten im bestrahlten Knochen möglich ist. Resumen Esta investigación enfocada sobre los efectos de la radioterapia en la osteointegración de implantes dentales colocados antes o desqués de la radioterapia en 11 beagles machos. Tras la extracción de todos los premolares mandibulares, primeros y segundos molares, 3 perros fueron implantados sin radioterapia (Grupo de control), 4 perros fueron irradiados 4 semanas tras la implantación (Grupo IrA) y 4 perros se irradiaron ocho semanas antes de la implantación (Grupo IrB). Se colocaron 8 implantes en cada perro, con un patrón alternante: 4 ITI Bonefit® no sumergidos de titanio con cubierta pulverizada de plasma de titanio y 4 Steri-Oss® sumergidos cubertos de hidroxiapatita. Los perros irradiados recibieron 4,3 Gy diariamente durante 10 días. Se administraron dos diferentes marcadores fluorescentes en el momento de la implantación y de la irradiación. Los perros se sacrificaron 6 meses tras la implantación, esto es, 5 meses fras la radioterapia para el grupo IrA y 8 meses para el grupo IrB. Cada mandíbula fue sometida a análisis histológico y microradiográfico. La formación de hueso tuvo lugar alrededor de 85 de los 88 implantes y consistió mayoritariamente en depósitos sucesivos de hueso entretejido y lamelar. Ambos grupos irradiados mostraron un obvio remodelado óseo en el hueso alveolar al igual que en la parte basilar de la mandíbula. Sin embargo, en el grupo IrA, el fenómeno de reabsorción fue predominante en aquellos de osteogénesis. El equilibrio entre estos dos procesos contrarios pareció restaurarse a los 8 meses del final de la radioterapia (Grupo IrB). A pesar de las lesiones focales de destrucción ósea específica de la radiación enfatizada en algunos perros irradiados, concluimos de nuestros resultados que la osteointegración de implantes dentales es posible en tejido óseo irradiado. [source] | |||||||||||||