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Labor Demand (labor + demand)
Selected AbstractsEstimating Labor Demand with Fixed Costs*INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2004Paola Rota We consider a dynamic model in which firms decide whether or not to vary labor in the presence of fixed costs. By exploiting the first-order condition for optimality, we derive a semireduced form in which firms' intertemporal employment is defined by a standard marginal productivity condition augmented by a forward-looking term. We obtain a marginal productivity equilibrium relation that takes into account the future alternatives of adjustment or nonadjustment that firms face. We use the structural parameter from this condition to estimate the fixed cost within a discrete decision process. Fixed costs are about 15 months' labor cost. [source] International Trade and the Changing Demand for Skilled Workers in High-Tech ManufacturingGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2008JULIE A. SILVA ABSTRACT States and localities in the U.S. put considerable effort into attracting and maintaining high-tech manufacturing industries to preserve manufacturing employment. However, little work has examined whether high-tech industries respond differently than traditional manufacturing to changing trade pressures. This study investigates the impact of international trade on skilled and unskilled labor demand across manufacturing sectors. Results of this study indicate that changes in exchange rates and trade orientation have similar effects across high-tech and traditional manufacturing sectors. In addition, findings suggest that there is a high degree of variation in the trade-related effects on labor demand across individual high-tech sectors, and that the direction of these effects often runs counter to the predictions of traditional trade theory. [source] Disentangling the effects of morbidity and life expectancy on labor market outcomesHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 6 2002M. Christopher Auld Abstract Using a unique longitudinal dataset tracking the experiences of patients diagnosed with HIV+ disease, this paper develops and estimates a model capable of recovering the effect of revisions in life expectancy on labor market outcomes. The data allow us to estimate the effect of changes in health status (as objectively measured by CD4 counts) and the impact of learning that one is HIV+, which we interpret as a negative shock to life expectancy. Both parametric and distribution-free models robustly indicate that decreases in health have little effect on labor demand but decrease probability of employment. We conclude that, in this sample, negative association between income and health is attributable mostly to the effect of altered incentives induced by changes in life expectancy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Regional labor markets in Finland: Adjustment to total versus region-specific shocksPAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002Sari Pekkala Labor market; employment; unemployment; migration; shock adjustment Abstract This article analyses regional labor market adjustment in the Finnish provinces during 1976,2000. We investigate the inter-relations of employment, unemployment, labor force participation, and migration to see how a change in region-specific and total labor demand is adjusted. The analysis reveals that region-specific labor demand shocks adjust mainly via participation, whereas total shocks are adjusted by unemployment. The region-specific component of labor demand shock has shorter-lived effects on unemployment and participation, but its effect on employment is permanent. Conversely, total shocks leave no permanent effect. Migration is more important in the region-specific case where, after a few years, it acquires a large role in the adjustment process. [source] Extending a model of precarious employment: A qualitative study of immigrant workers in SpainAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2010Victoria Porthé PhD Abstract Background Since the 1980s, changes in the labor market have modified power relations between capital and labor, leading to greater levels of precarious employment among workers. Globalization has led to a growth in migration, as people leave their countries in search of work. We aimed to describe the dimensions of precarious employment for immigrant workers in Spain. Methods Qualitative study using analytic induction. Criterion sampling was used to recruit 129 immigrant workers in Spain with documented and undocumented administrative status. Data quality was ensured by triangulation. Results Immigrant workers reported that precarious employment is characterized by high job instability, a lack of power for negotiating employment conditions, and defenselessness against high labor demands. They described insufficient wages, long working hours, limited social benefits, and difficulty in exercising their rights. Undocumented workers reported greater defenselessness and worse employment conditions. Conclusions This study allowed us to describe the dimensions of precarious employment in immigrant workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:417,424, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Economic Insecurity and the Globalization of ProductionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2004Kenneth Scheve A central question in the international and comparative political economy literatures on globalization is whether economic integration increases worker insecurity in advanced economies. Previous research has focused on the role of international trade and has failed to produce convincing evidence that such a link exists. In this article, we argue that globalization increases worker insecurity, but that foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is the key aspect of integration generating risk. FDI by MNEs increases firms' elasticity of demand for labor. More-elastic labor demands, in turn, raise the volatility of wages and employment, all of which tends to make workers feel less secure. We present new empirical evidence, based on the analysis of panel data from Great Britain collected from 1991 to 1999, that FDI activity in the industries in which individuals work is positively correlated with individual perceptions of economic insecurity. This correlation holds in analyses accounting for individual-specific effects and a wide variety of control variables. [source] | |||||||||||||