Home  About us  Contact
 

Layer Used (layer + used)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Polymers and Materials Science40%

Selected Abstracts

Development, Analysis, and Application of a Glass,Alumina-Based Self-Constrained Sintering Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
Takahiro Takada
The effects of an inner constraint layer and alumina particles on the microstructure, strength, and shrinkage of the laminated low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) green sheet were investigated. Alumina particles of several sizes were used in the inner-constraint layer in order to strengthen the LTCC substrate. Smaller alumina particles in the inner-constraint layer produced a substrate with a high bending strength. Sintering shrinkage in the x,y direction of the LTCC is related to the bending strength of the debinded alumina particle layer used for an inner-constraint layer. A larger pore size in the inner-constraint layer was found to increase the distance of the glass penetration from the glass,alumina layer into the inner-constraint layer. The total thickness of the constraint layer changes the shrinkage in the x,y direction and the bending strength. [source]

Confinement of Charge Carriers and Excitons in Electrophosphorescent Devices: Mechanism of Light Emission and Degradation,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 16 2007
D. Chin
Charge-carrier and exciton confinement is essential for efficiency and stability enhancment of electrophosphorescent devices. Emission-layer lifetimes of a 4,4,- N,N,-dicarbazole-biphenyl host doped with either a red- or green- emitting dye (upper and lower figures) show a strong dependence and near independence, respectively, on the type of exciton blocking layer used (four are shown). This is explained using energy- level differences and corresponding charge-trapping behavior. [source]

A theoretical study of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer used as a tunnel barrier in a magnetic tunnel junction

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 12 2007
E. S. Noh
Abstract An amorphous aluminium oxide layer is assumed to be a condensed gas phase composed of (AlOx)N molecules. The total energy and the electron affinity of (AlOx)N molecules is calculated by using a DFT program. The effective tunnel barrier height in the MTJ is presumed from a difference between the work function of the ferromagnetic metal and the electron affinity of (AlOx)N molecules. By using a quantum-mechanical free electron model the TMR and the R×A product are calculated as a function of the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer in the F/I/F tunnel junction. It is inferred that the tunnel barrier width determined by subtracting 6 Å from the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer is more suitable to explain an experimental report qualitatively than the tunnel barrier width equivalent to the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Effectiveness of very thin soil layers in chemical release from bed sediment

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 2 2001
Bryan Talbert
The chemical containment effectiveness of both the natural recovery and the "particle broadcasting" processes for remediating contaminated bed-sediments depend upon very thin soil and/or sand layers millimeters in depth. Conventional capping for in situ chemical containment of bed-sediment or dredged material typically involves thick layers of 30 to 90 centimeters in depth. Few studies have been conducted with thin layers of candidate natural materials. A steady-state benzoic acid dissolution test apparatus and procedure, devised to realistically simulate bed-sediment chemo-dynamic conditions, was used to measure chemical flux through thin layers (1 to 8 mm) of soil, sand, and ideal porous media. The thin layers were found to be very effective. Flux reductions ranged from 81 to 96%, with fine sand being slightly better than top soil. Design algorithms developed for the thick layers used in conventional capping design will under predict the flux through very thin layers. Advective flow induced by surface roughness is proposed to explain the higher average measure d-to-predicted flux ratio of 1.67. [source]

Balanced boundary layers used in hurricane models

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 635 2008
Roger K. Smith
Abstract We examine the formulation and accuracy of various approximations made in representing the boundary layer in simple axisymmetric hurricane models, especially those that assume strict gradient wind balance in the radial direction. Approximate solutions for a steady axisymmetric slab boundary-layer model are compared with a full model solution. It is shown that the approximate solutions are generally poor in the inner core region of the vortex, where the radial advection term in the radial momentum equation is important and cannot be neglected. These results affirm some prior work and have implications for a range of theoretical studies of hurricane dynamics, including theories of potential intensity, that employ balanced boundary-layer formulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society [source]