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Laser Microscope (laser + microscope)
Kinds of Laser Microscope Selected AbstractsGross anatomy of the musculature and a new description of the reproductive system of Tanaisia bragai and Tanaisia inopina (Trematoda: Eucotylidae) analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopyACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 2 2010Sthefane D'ávila Abstract D'ávila, S., Manso, P. P. A., Bessa, E. C. A., Rodrigues, M. L. A. and Dias, R. J. P. 2010. Gross anatomy of the musculature and a new description of the reproductive system of Tanaisia bragai and Tanaisia inopina (Trematoda: Eucotylidae) analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 139,149 Confocal scanning laser microscopy has become an important tool to clarify the organization of the musculature and innervation, as well as the morphology of the reproductive and alimentary tract of various helminth species. The goal of this work was to describe the morphology of the reproductive system and the gross anatomy of the musculature of adults of the species Tanaisia bragai and Tanaisia inopina by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy. The helminths were found parasitizing the kidney collection ducts of Columba livia, in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. These helminths were stained with Mayer's carmalum, mounted on permanent slides and observed through a confocal scanning laser microscope. The tomographic images showed the morphology of the organs and glands of the reproductive system, along with the general morphology of the musculature of the body wall, oral sucker, acetabulum, pharynx, intestinal caeca, oesophagus and reproductive system ducts. The present work is the first re-characterization of the reproductive tract of T. bragai and T. inopina. We also present the first description of the general morphology of the gametes and cells of the glands associated with the reproductive apparatus of these species. [source] Isoflurane enhances spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in developing rat hippocampal neurons in vitroACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2009Q. XIANG Background: During the nervous system development, spontaneous synchronized Ca2+ oscillations are thought to possess integrative properties because their amplitude and frequency can influence the patterning of neuronal connection, neuronal differentiation, axon outgrowth, and long-distance wiring. Accumulating studies have confirmed that some drugs such as volatile anesthetic isoflurane produced histopathologic changes in the central nervous system in juvenile animal models. Because the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory, the present work was designed to characterize the Ca2+ oscillations regulated by volatile anesthetic isoflurane in primary cultures of developing hippocampal neurons (5-day-cultured). Methods: Primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons (5-day-cultured) were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4AM (4 ,M) and were studied with a confocal laser microscope. Results: Approximately 22% of 5-day-cultured hippocampal neurons exhibited typical Ca2+ oscillations. These oscillations were dose-dependently enhanced by isoflurane (EC50 0.5 MAC, minimum alveolar concentration) and this effect could be reverted by bicuculline (50 ,M), a specific ,-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor antagonist. Conclusion: Unlike its depressant effect on the Ca2+ oscillations in adult neurons in previous researches, isoflurane dose-dependently enhanced calcium oscillations in developing hippocampal neurons by activating GABAA receptors, a major excitatory receptor in synergy with N -methyl- d -aspartate receptors at the early stages of development. It may be involved in the mechanism of an isoflurane-induced neurotoxic effect in the developing rodent brain. [source] Micromanipulation of single cells from tissue imprints is an alternative to laser-assisted microdissectionJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2005Tilmann C. Brauns Different techniques have been developed to obtain single cells from solid tissue. Currently, the most frequently used technique is laser-assisted microdissection (LAM). However, LAM of tissues cannot exclude contamination of the targeted cells by underlying cell fragments. Moreover, this technique can only be performed if a laser microscope is available. Thus, we developed a method to obtain single cells of fresh solid tissue by the simple technique of tissue imprints. After immunostaining of the imprints, single cells were transferred to a reaction tube using a 27-gauge needle guided by a mechanical micromanipulator. Consequently, we used these cells in a single cell PCR. [source] CHARACTERIZATION OF FOOD SURFACES USING SCALE-SENSITIVE FRACTAL ANALYSISJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2000FRANCO PEDRESCHI ABSTRACT Length-scale and area-scale analyses, two of the scale-sensitive fractal analyses performed by the software Surfraxhttp://www.surfract.com, were used to study food surfaces measured with a scanning laser microscope (SLM). The SLM measures surfaces, or textures (i.e., acquires topographical data as a collection of heights as a function of position), at a spatial and vertical resolution of 25 ,m. The measured textures are analyzed by using linear and areal tiling (length-scale and area-scale analysis) and by conventional statistical analyses. Area-scale and length-scale fractal complexities (Lsfc and Asfc) and the smooth-rough crossover (SRC) are derived from the scale-sensitive fractal analyses. Both measures proved adequate to quantify and differentiate surfaces of foods (e.g., chocolate and a slice of bread), which were smooth or porous to the naked eye. Surfaces generated after frying of potato products (e.g., potato chips and French fries) had similar values of Asfc and SRC, and larger (implying more complex and rougher surfaces) than those of the raw potato. Variability of surface texture characterization parameters as a function of the size of the measured region was used in selecting the size of the measured regions for further analysis. The length-scale method of profile analysis (also called the Richardson or compass method) was useful in determining the directionality or lay of the anisotropic texture on food surfaces. [source] INFLUENCE OF CELL SIZE AND CELL WALL VOLUME FRACTION ON FAILURE PROPERTIES OF POTATO AND CARROT TISSUEJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 1 2005ARTUR ZDUNEK ABSTRACT This article presents the influence of cell size and cell wall volume fraction on the failure parameters of potato tuber and carrot tissue. Confocal scanning laser microscope was used for obtaining images of the cell structure of the tissues. The mean cell face area and the cell wall volume fraction obtained from the images was compared with work to failure, failure stress, failure strain and secant modulus obtained in a compression test of potato and carrot tissue at two strain rates. Bigger cells and less amount of cell wall material weakened the tissue, which was visible as a linear decrease in the parameters: work to failure, failure stress and failure strain. There were differences between potato and carrot in the secant modulus. For carrot, the secant modulus changed with microstructural parameters, whereas for potato, the secant modulus did not depend on these values. The strain rate decreases all the failure properties for potato. For carrot, only the work to failure was affected by the strain rate. [source] Micromorphology of resin,dentin interfaces using one-bottle etch&rinse and self-etching adhesive systems on laser-treated dentin surfaces: A confocal laser scanning microscope analysisLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010Marcelo Tavares de Oliveira DDS Abstract Background and Objectives This study evaluated the hybrid layer (HL) morphology created by three adhesive systems (AS) on dentin surfaces treated with Er:YAG laser using two irradiation parameters. Study Design Occlusal flat dentin surfaces of 36 human third molars were assigned into nine groups (n,=,4) according to the following ASs: one bottle etch&rinse Single Bond Plus (3M ESPE), two-step Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray), and all-in-one S3 Bond (Kuraray) self-etching, which were labeled with rhodamine B or fluorescein isothiocyanate,dextran and were applied to dentin surfaces that were irradiated with Er:YAG laser at either 120 (38.7,J/cm2) or 200,mJ/pulse (64.5,J/cm2), or were applied to untreated dentin surfaces (control group). The ASs were light-activated following MI and the bonded surfaces were restored with resin composite Z250 (3M ESPE). After 24,hours of storage in vegetable oil, the restored teeth were vertically, serially sectioned into 1-mm thick slabs, which had the adhesive interfaces analyzed with confocal laser microscope (CLSM,LSM 510 Meta). CLSM images were recorded in the fluorescent mode from three different regions along each bonded interface. Results Non-uniform HL was created on laser-irradiated dentin surfaces regardless of laser irradiation protocol for all AS, while regular and uniform HL was observed in the control groups. "Stretch mark"-like red lines were found within the HL as a result of resin infiltration into dentin microfissures, which were predominantly observed in 200,mJ/pulse groups regardless of AS. Poor resin infiltration into peritubular dentin was observed in most regions of adhesive interfaces created by all ASs on laser-irradiated dentin, resulting in thin resin tags with neither funnel-shaped morphology nor lateral resin projections. Conclusion Laser irradiation of dentin surfaces at 120 or 200,mJ/pulse resulted in morphological changes in HL and resin tags for all ASs evaluated in the study. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:662,670, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Photoluminescence microscopy of as-grown individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on Si/SiO2 substratesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 13 2006Oliver Kiowski Abstract We present far-field photoluminescence (PL) imaging at room temperature of tens of micrometer long individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) grown and measured directly on a Si/SiO2 surface. The SWNTs are grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) with ethanol as carbon source and contact the surface with their full length. We detect the PL and its variations along SWNTs in a home-built laser microscope with a spatial resolution of ,400 nm. We are able to reliably assign (n, m)-structure of SWNTs by measuring PL spectra in the range of 800,1600 nm as function of the excitation wavelength varying between 710 and 860 nm. This allows us to check structural integrity (changes of helicity) along the tube. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Flocculation Monitoring: Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement as a Measurement ToolTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2002A Blanco Abstract A methodology to study flocculation processes and floc properties using a non-imaging scanning laser microscope is presented in this paper. This methodology allows us to study floc stability and resistance to shear forces, re-flocculation tendency and reversibility of the flocs. Furthermore, optimal dosage of any polymer and the associated flocculation mechanism can be determined. In order to illustrate the technique, some examples applied to flocculation in papermaking are described. Although in this paper all the examples have been applied to papermaking, the developed methodology can be used in any process in which flocculation phenomena is involved. On présente dans cet article une méthode pour étudier les procédés de floculation à l'aide d'un microscope laser à balayage sans imagerie. Cette méthode permet d'étudier la stabilité des flocs et leur résistance aux contraintes de cisaillement, la tendance à la refloculation et la réversibilité des flocs. De plus, on peut déterminer le dosage optimal de tout polymère et le mécanisme de floculation associé. Pour illustrer cette technique, quelques exemples appliqués à la floculation dans la fabrication du papier sont décrits. Cependant, même si dans cet article tous les exemples s'appliquent à la fabrication du papier, la méthodologie peut s'appliquer à tout procédé comportant des phénomènes de floculation. [source] Mapping the surface astrocytes of the optic disc: a fluid-conducting role of the astrocytic covering of the central vesselsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Francisco J Carreras MD PhD Abstract Background:, The vitreous interface of the optic nerve has been studied to delimit the covering of Elschnig's astrocytes and interstitial pathways of flow through the prelaminar region. Methods:, Perfusion of the prelaminar tissue under controlled pressure with a fluorescent marker injected into the vitreous cavity in pig eyes. The prelaminar region of the optic nerve and adjacent retina was fixed and flatmounted or frozen and cryosectioned and examined with the confocal laser microscope. Samples were also prepared for conventional transmission electron microscopy. Results:, The surface of the vitreous surface of the optic nerve is covered by a cobblestone-like pavement made of astrocytic projections. Intensely stained passages of different thickness indicate the presence of wide interconnected intercellular spaces in the covering of Elschnig's astrocytes. Those passages are absent in the intervascular areas occupied by axons and axon-linked astrocytes. Conclusions:, Delineation of the astrocytic pavement and the preferred flow routes formed by wide extracellular spaces are conspicuous features of the prelaminar region when examined with the confocal laser microscope and the help of sticky fluorescent tracer. This suggests that excess extracellular fluid can be interchanged with the vitreous by a network of interconnected extracellular spaces or preferred flow routes. Some pathogenic mechanisms can be related to fluid interchange in the optic nerve head. [source] Environmentally friendly coloured materials: cellulose/titanium dioxide/inorganic pigment composite spherical microbeads prepared by viscose phase-separation methodCOLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2007Shoji Nagaoka In order to develop environmentally friendly coloured materials, cellulose composite spherical microbeads hybridised with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles and inorganic pigment were prepared by a phase-separation method using viscose and an aqueous solution containing sodium polyacrylate. Findings regarding the relationships between cellulose xanthate and the electronic characteristics of TiO2 particles used in the cellulose/inorganic material composite sphering process are also reported. These findings suggest that the location of TiO2 particles in cellulose microbeads is related to electrical repulsion between the xanthate (CSS,) group and TiO2. The use of TiO2 powder as colour pigment is limited, as its colour is white. The cellulose composite spherical microbeads covered with TiO2 and Fe2O3 particles were developed by addition of iron oxide (Fe2O3). Their surfaces were viewed by laser microscope and using SEM images. These composite microbeads retained the photocatalytic property of TiO2. Cellulose/TiO2/Fe2O3 composite spherical microbeads with both colour function and photocatalytic properties were successfully prepared. [source] | |||||||||||||