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Key Terms (key + term)
Selected AbstractsSENSITIVITY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN MODELING HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES WITH DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 4 2001Sung-Mm Cho ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of a hydrologic models to the type of DEM used. This was done while modeling basin water quality with 1:24,000 and 1:250,000 U.S. Geological Survey DEMs as input to model hydrological processes. The manner in which the model results were sensitive to the choice of raster cell size (scale) is investigated in this study. The Broadhead watershed, located in New Jersey, USA, was chosen as a study area. Curve numbers were estimated by a trial and error to match simulated and observed total discharge. Monthly runoff for the watershed was used in the calibration process. Higher runoff volumes were simulated by the model when the 1:24,000 DEM were used as input data, probably due to the finer resolution which simulated increased average slope and hence higher estimated runoff from the watershed. As the simulated slope of the watershed is flatten with the 1:250,000 DEM, the response of stream flow was delayed and simulated less runoff volume. (KEY TERMS: DEM; curve number; sensitivity analysis; runoff volume; water quality; calibration.) [source] Applied Research in Accounting: A Commentary,ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2004ALAN J. RICHARDSON ABSTRACT The mission of Canadian Accounting Perspectives is to provide a forum for "applied research" in accounting, but this key term is not defined. I identify three forms of applied research: (1) the use of existing knowledge to find solutions to current problems; (2) the use of positivist research methods to conduct critical tests between current alternative accounting methods and to identify empirical regularities that contribute to the development of technologies of practice; and (3) the use of disciplined inquiry and action research to develop mid-range theory and generate empirical results that advance the interests or increase the capabilities of an identified community. This third form of applied research may provide the best approach to bridging the schism between academe and practice. [source] The ecosystem approach in corporate environmental management , expert mental models and environmental drivers in the Finnish forest industryCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2009Petteri Vihervaara Abstract The ecosystem approach has been adopted as the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and is recommended to be used widely in the integrated management of land, water and living resources, to promote conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, also in corporations. The forest industry is a resource-intensive branch with various impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Our aims in this study were to examine (i) how the ecosystem approach is implemented in the Finnish forest industry; and (ii) to outline the mental models of environmental experts of corporations, and their conceptualization of some key terms of ecosystem thinking. We interviewed 12 experts about their opinions on the main future challenges, the risks, the mistakes of the past, the possibilities and the successes confronting the forest industry. The results were analyzed using the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses) framework model. Finally, we give several recommendations as to how the ecosystem approach can be integrated into corporate environmental management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] An algorithm for modelling key termsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2008D. Cai The ability to formally analyse and represent semantic relations of terms is a major challenge for many areas of computing science and an intriguing problem for other sciences. In applications of evidence theory to, for instance, information retrieval, the problem of analysis and representation becomes apparent because evidence theory is based on set theory and individual key terms have to be modelled as subsets of the frame of discernment. How to find the frame and model the key terms is a challenge. The problem leads to other practical problems, as pointed out repeatedly in the literature. In this study, we focus on such a problem, present a method for simplifying and normalizing a thesaurus, and propose an algorithm for establishing the frame of discernment and for modelling individual key terms as a subset of the frame. The key aim of this study is to treat semantic relations of terms by means of a normalized thesaurus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] A critical review of appropriate conceptual models for use by coronary care nursesINTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 1 2008F. Timmins bns ffnrcsi nfesc rnt rgn phd msc bsc Background:, There is little evidence of the extent of conceptual model use within cardiovascular nursing. Concern exists within nursing that nursing theory and conceptual model use within practice is less than optimal. It is further suggested that there is little evidence of nursing theory occupying its true position as the central tenet of nursing practice and cardiovascular nurses have been challenged to reconsider this aspect of practice. Aim:, The aim of this review is to explore the effectiveness of conceptual models used within cardiovascular nursing to further explore their potential benefit. Methods:, Using key terms, a search was conducted using electronic databases CINAHL and PUBMED; yielding seven papers that fulfilled selection criteria. Findings:, Few papers related to research studies in the area. However, of those identified significant examination and testing of concepts emerged within the studies. Rather than merely using concepts as an organizing framework or a component of the study, theories alluded to were scrutinized and consistently applied. Although studies identified mostly referred to specific testing and examination of aspects of conceptual models, the notion of self-care and support for clients emerges as a strong theme within the review. The relationship between nurse and client seemed to be pivotal in any noted improvements. Conclusions:, The findings have limited application to practice. In the absence of large-scale longitudinal studies, only selected aspects of conceptual models or theory were scrutinized. Further research is required in this area to identify conceptual models of nursing that are most appropriate for cardiovascular nursing care. [source] Angiogenesis Therapy for the Treatment of Erectile DysfunctionTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010Jeffrey J. Lysiak PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Over the past 15 years, significant advances have been made in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The most significant of these advances has been pharmacological treatment of ED with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. This therapy greatly increased the awareness of ED and has helped stimulate research into the underlying causes of ED. While treatment with PDE5 inhibitors continues to be the current therapy of choice, approximately 40% of men treated with PDE5 inhibitors fail to have significant improvement in erectile function and PDE5 inhibitors do not reverse the vasculopathic processes associated with ED. With this in mind, new therapies must be developed. The treatment with angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) may be one such therapy. Aim., This review will focus on defining key terms in the angiogenic process, angiogenic growth factors, and different delivery methods, and summarize results from angiogenic therapies for the treatment of ED. Methods., A review of the literature was performed on all angiogenic therapies for the treatment of ED. A brief review on the angiogenic factors was also performed Results., Angiogenic therapies for the treatment of ED are possible and promising; however, further investigation is needed to advance clinically. Conclusions., Although numerous studies have now employed angiogenic factors for the possible treatment of ED in several animal models, we are still not at the point to begin human investigations. Future studies need to examine proper dosage of the angiogenic agent, route of delivery, time course for delivery, and combination therapies. Lysiak JJ, Kavoussi PK, Ellati RT, Steers WD, and Annex BH. Angiogenesis therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:2554,2563. [source] A Discourse of Originality in Late Ming Chinese Painting CriticismART HISTORY, Issue 4 2000Katherine P. Burnett Late Ming painting critics promoted the discourse of originality in active exchange with literary, philosophical, societal and economic developments. Although this discourse was culturally pervasive, it was transparent, thus unidentified until recently. As this paper argues, a set of key terms signals the discourse. Important texts by late Ming critics newly translated here show how originality was advocated in judging artistic merit. The result is a new way to interpret the painting of early seventeenth-century China. [source] Responsibility, accountability and governanceBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 4 2002John Kaler ,Responsibility', ,accountability' and ,governance' are key terms within business ethics. This paper aims to construct a framework to help us understand the relationships between these terms. I first of all analyse the concept of responsibility to show the place of accountability within it, then move to analyse accountability as a sub,concept of responsibility, then finally attempt to show how accountability along with responsibility in general figures within governance structures. While obviously not as complex as the concept of responsibility of which it is part, the sub,concept of accountability is somewhat more complex than often seems to be supposed. The view taken of governance is that as a concept it is relatively straightforward. It acquires complexity only with the involvement of responsibility along with accountability and other aspects of responsibility. The vexed questions as to how these are to be applied lie at the heart of disputes about corporate governance. Though not offering a solution to those disputes, the fact that they arise from the involvement of responsibility, accountability and related matters means that the analysis of concepts given here does offer a framework for thinking about these disputes more clearly. [source] | ||||||||||||||||