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Japanese University Students (japanese + university_student)
Selected AbstractsWillingness to communicate: can online chat help?1INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2006Mark Freiermuth This study compared the experiences of small groups of female Japanese university students communicating in English to solve tasks using online chat with those who solved the same tasks in face-to-face settings using spoken language. The groups were compared using a counterbalanced research design so that the nine groups consisting of four participants each took part in solving tasks in both the online mode and the traditional face-to-face setting. Data gathered from questionnaires, along with an analysis of the discourse produced by students, led to the conclusion that under the conditions in the study, online chatting provided a more comfortable environment, enhancing students' willingness to communicate. Regarding benefits to the language teacher, online chat provides another fruitful tool to enhance interaction in the target language. [source] Oral parafunctions and association with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in Japanese university studentsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2004R. Miyake summary, We examined whether oral parafunctions are associated with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in 3557 Japanese university students, aged between 18 and 26 years. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding various oral parafunctions and subjective symptoms related to TMD, and underwent a dental examination. The prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise, TMJ pain and impaired mouth opening was 41·7, 16·0 and 16·3%, respectively. The most prevalent parafunction was sleeping on one side (60·2%), followed by supporting the jaw by leaning on the palm of the hand (44·8%). Mean age, decayed, missing and filled teeth, and number of teeth were not significantly different between TMD positive and negative groups according to unpaired t -test. The chi-squared test revealed that the ratio of females was significantly higher among students with TMD than without TMD. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender demonstrated that chewing on one side caused an increased risk of TMJ noise [odds ratio (OR) = 1·52, P < 0·001], TMJ pain (OR = 1·54, P < 0·001), and impaired mouth opening (OR = 2·00, P < 0·001). Tooth clenching also increased the risk of TMJ noise (OR = 1·86, P < 0·001), TMJ pain (OR = 1·79, P = 0·001) and impaired mouth opening (OR = 1·88, P < 0·001). Further prospective cohort studies, including other potential risk factors, are required to clarify these relationships. [source] A comparative study of knowledge about and attitudes toward the combined oral contraceptives among Korean and Japanese university students,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 10 2004Hyun-Ja Lim RN Abstract Purpose To compare university students' knowledge about and attitudes toward the combined oral contraceptives (COC) in two countries with different pharmaceutical systems (Japan and Korea), and to explore the reasons limiting the use of the COC in these populations. Methods University students in Korea and Japan completed a questionnaire containing a total of 55 questions about the students' demographics (8 questions), knowledge about the COC (15 questions), attitudes toward the COC (24 questions) and the reasons for limited use of the COC among the population (8 questions). Results Male students' attitudes toward the COC were significantly more positive than those of female students in Korea, but not in Japan. Knowledge about and attitudes toward the COC did not differ significantly between the two countries. The age at which students desired to use the COC was significantly correlated with age in both countries. There were significant correlations between knowledge about and attitude towards the COC in both countries and between age and attitude towards the COC in Japan. In both countries, the most commonly cited reasons for limited use of the COC were concern about adverse side effects. Conclusions These results confirm the need to develop appropriate sex education programs in Korea and Japan. Cultural differences and differences in the pharmaceutical and medical systems between the two countries should be considered when designing sex education programs for young people in Korea and Japan. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Optimistic and pessimistic biases and comparative judgmental processes in Japan: Do people really compare themselves to their peers?ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Yumi EndoArticle first published online: 31 OCT 200 Studies on above-average and unrealistic-optimism effects have recently claimed that they are the consequence of an over-utilization of self-relevant and under-utilization of peer-relevant information, despite the assumption that people would refer to both themselves and their average peer to make a comparative judgment. However, there is a possibility that these tendencies are prevalent only in Western cultures. The present paper reports on three studies of comparative self-other judgments conducted with Japanese university students. The results consistently showed that participants tended to focus simply on their own abilities, traits, or the likelihood of experiencing future life events, without paying much attention to their peers. These findings suggest first that there is a consistent tendency for people to place a greater weight on the self than normative standards when considering their comparative position in a group, and that this tendency is independent of the size or direction of comparative biases. [source] Annual transition of major depressive episode in university students using a structured self-rating questionnaireASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2010Toru Uehara MD PhD Abstract Introduction: Depression frequently affects college and university students worldwide. The authors' purpose was to estimate the positive rate of major depressive episodes (MDE) using a structured self-report according to annual changes among Japanese university students. Data of freshmen were compared with those of students of other grades. Methods: During 9 years from 2001, 11,164 freshmen filled out the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) scale for depression every April. During the 8 years from 2002, the same survey was administered to 31,454 students of other grades as a regular examination. Results: The positive rates of MDE were 1.2,2.0% among freshmen; they were 0.8,1.3% among students in other grades. Regarding data after 2005,2007 for female freshmen, the decrease from 2004 to 2007 was significant (P<0.05); from 2002 to 2007 (P<0.05). In 2001, and during 2005,2007, positive rates tended to be higher in male than in female students. Comparisons of MDE of freshmen and students of the other grades showed significant differences in 2005, 2006 (P<0.05), and 2009 (P<0.01). Male freshmen showed higher rates than males of the other grades in 2005, 2006 (P<0.05), 2007, and 2009 (P<0.01). Discussion: The MDE rates among university students were similar to those among the general population in Japan, and lower than those in Western countries. Among male freshmen, rates of MDE were particularly high. The reason for the recent decrease of MDE among female freshmen remains unclear. Sociocultural factors or selection bias should be considered. [source] Knowledge and impressions regarding the concept of mutation among Japanese university studentsCLINICAL GENETICS, Issue 1 2008N Ando Although the term mutation is frequently used in genetic counseling, it may carry negative connotations and create misunderstanding. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the impressions regarding three Japanese terms mutation of gene, change of gene, and lesion of gene as well as to investigate the depth of understanding regarding mutation. A total of 175 university students and auditing students were included and responded to two questionnaires that were Impressions regarding the term in the semantic differential method and Knowledge about the concept of mutation. In factor analysis, three factors (Value, Change Rate, and Intention) were extracted. Participants were divided into three groups depending on their knowledge, and a two-way analysis of variance (Term × Knowledge Group) was conducted on the factor score for each. Results showed that the main effect of the ,Term' was significant for the Value Factor and that interaction was significant for the Change Rate Factor, and that the main effect of Knowledge Group was significant for the Intention Factor. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals should demonstrate an awareness of varying impressions of the different terms used to refer to the identical concepts of mutation. This is of particular importance when communicating with patients and their families. [source] | ||||||||||