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Irradiation Effects (irradiation + effects)
Selected AbstractsIrradiation Effects on Biogenic Amines in Korean Fermented Soybean Paste During FermentationJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003J.-H. Kim ABSTRACT: Irradiation effects on biogenic amines (BAs) and microbiological populations of Korean fermented soybean paste were investigated during fermentation. Soybean paste was prepared and irradiated with doses of 5,10, and 15 kGy, and then fermented at 25 °C for 12 wk. Bacillus spp. and lactic-acid bacteria decreased by irradiation but increased during fermentation. Biogenic amines detected were putrescine, cadaverine, ,-phenylethylamine, spermidine, spermine, tryptamine, histamine, tyramine, and agmatine. A significant difference was not observed in BA content between control and irradiated samples immediately after gamma irradiation. However, 4 kinds of BAs, putrescine, tryptamine, spermidine, and histamine, showed significant reduction by irradiation during fermentation (P < 0.05). [source] Low-energy irradiation effects of gas cluster ion beamsELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2008Shingo Houzumi Abstract A cluster-ion irradiation system with cluster-size selection has been developed to study the effects of the cluster size for surface processes using cluster ions. A permanent magnet with a magnetic field of 1.2 T is installed for size separation of large cluster ions. Trace formations at HOPG surface by the irradiation with size-selected Ar-cluster ions under an acceleration energy of 30 keV were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Generation behavior of the craterlike traces is strongly affected by the number of constituent atoms (cluster size) of the irradiating cluster ion. When the incident cluster ion is composed of 100 to 3000 atoms, craterlike traces are observed on the irradiated surfaces. In contrast, such traces are not observed at all with the irradiation of the cluster ions composed of over 5000 atoms. Such behavior is discussed on the basis of the kinetic energy per constituent atom of the cluster ion. To study GCIB irradiation effects on macromolecules, GCIB was irradiated on DNA molecules absorbed on graphite surface. Using GCIB irradiation, many more DNA molecules were sputtered away compared with the monomer-ion irradiation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(2): 40,45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10031 [source] Microstructural investigation of low-dose neutron irradiation effects in martensitic steels for nuclear application by means of small-angle neutron scatteringJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 2007Rainer Lindau The microstructural effect of low-dose neutron irradiation and subsequent high-temperature tempering in the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H-mod. (7.73 Cr, 0.09 C, 0.08 Mn, 0.19 V, 2.06 W, 0.02 Ta, wt%, bal. Fe) has been studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The investigated samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at 523,K, to dose levels of 2.4 displacements per atom then tempered for 2,h at 1043,K. The SANS measurements were carried out at the D22 instrument of the High Flux Reactor at the Institut Max von Laue,Paul Langevin, Grenoble, France. The differences observed in nuclear and magnetic small-angle neutron scattering cross-sections after subtraction of the reference sample from the irradiated one suggest that the irradiation and the subsequent post-irradiation tempering produce the growth of non-magnetic precipitates; the results are also compared with those obtained on other ferritic/martensitic steels, with different chemical composition, irradiated under the same conditions. [source] High and low energy proton irradiation effects on AlGaN/GaN HFETsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 6 2006G. Sonia Abstract AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs) have been irradiated with protons at 68 MeV and 2 MeV with fluences up to 1013 cm,2 in order to simulate operation in space. Hall effect measurements, dc characteristics and RF load pull measurements at 2 GHz do not reveal significant changes indicating the suitability of the transistors for reliable operation in space. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Optical properties of lithium niobate single crystalsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2005M.N. Palatnikov Abstract Studies of thermal and ,-irradiation effects on the optical properties in congruous lithium niobate single crystals containing Y, Mg, Gd, B, and Zn dopants including samples with double dopants Y, Mg and Gd, Mg are reported. Formation of defects at irradiation and thermal treatment of the samples is explored by electron absorption spectra. Considerable increase of absorption with the dose of ,-radiation is observed at 500 nm. The changes of absorption examined under different conditions are explained by creation and destruction of Nb4+ defects. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||