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Iron Supplementation (iron + supplementation)
Selected AbstractsEffect of oral iron supplementation on oxidative stress and colonic inflammation in rats with induced colitisALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 12 2001J. Carrier Background: Iron supplementation may increase disease activity in ulcerative colitis, possibly through the production of reactive oxygen species from the Fenton reaction. Aim: To assess the effects of two doses of oral iron on intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental colitis. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats by giving 5% dextran sulphate sodium in drinking water for 7 days. First, using a 2 × 2 factorial design, rats with or without dextran sulphate sodium received the regular diet or a diet containing iron 3%/kg diet. Second, rats with dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis were supplemented with iron 0.3%/kg diet and compared with rats on dextran sulphate sodium and regular diet. The body weight change, histological scores, colon length, rectal bleeding, plasma and colonic lipid peroxides, colonic glutathione peroxidase and plasma vitamin E and C were measured. Faecal analysis for haem and total, free and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid-chelatable iron was also performed. Results: Iron 3% and iron 0.3% increased the activity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as demonstrated by higher histological scores, heavier rectal bleeding and further shortening of the colon. This was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant vitamins. Faecal iron available to the Fenton reaction was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Iron supplementation taken orally enhanced the activity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis and is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. [source] Iron and inflammatory bowel diseaseALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2001B. Oldenburg Both anaemia of iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease are frequently encountered in inflammatory bowel disease. Anaemia of iron deficiency is mostly due to inadequate intake or loss of iron. Anaemia of chronic disease probably results from decreased erythropoiesis, secondary to increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen metabolites and nitric oxide. Assessment of the iron status in a condition associated with inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is difficult. The combination of serum transferrin receptor with ferritin concentrations, however, allows a reliable assessment of the iron deficit. The best treatment for anaemia of chronic disease is the cure of the underlying disease. Erythropoietin reportedly may increase haemoglobin levels in some of these patients. The anaemia of iron deficiency is usually treated with oral iron supplements. Iron supplementation may lead to an increased inflammatory activity through the generation of reactive oxygen species. To date, data from studies in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease support the theoretical disadvantage of iron supplementation in this respect. The results, however, cannot easily be extrapolated to the human situation, because the amount of supplemented iron in these experiments was much higher than the dose used in patients with iron deficiency. [source] Once-weekly epoetin beta therapy in patients with solid tumours and chemotherapy-induced anaemia: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 6 2008P. HERAS md, phd Anaemia is common in patients receiving chemotherapy, causing symptoms that have a major impact on quality of life (QoL). Epoetin beta rapidly increases haemoglobin (Hb) levels and improves QoL in anaemic patients with a variety of tumours. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-finding study assessing the efficacy and safety of once-weekly epoetin beta in patients with solid tumours receiving chemotherapy. Adult patients with anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dL) were randomized to receive epoetin beta 30 000 IU or 20 000 IU once weekly for 12 weeks. All patients received oral iron supplementation. Haemoglobin levels, transfusion need and QoL [Functional Assesment of Cancer Therapy-fatigue (FACT-F) subscale score] were assessed at regular intervals. Fifty patients were randomized; 30 patients received epoetin beta 30 000 IU once weekly and 20 received 20 000 IU once weekly. Mean (± SD) increase in Hb from baseline to week 12 was 1.75 ± 2.15 g/dL in the 30 000 IU group (P = 0.008 vs. baseline) and 1.04 ± 1.75 g/dL in the 20 000 IU group (non-significant). Haemoglobin response (increase in Hb ,2 g/dL from baseline) was observed in 78.3% of patients receiving epoetin beta 30 000 IU and 66.7% receiving epoetin beta 20 000 IU. Improvements in FACT-F subscale score were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with increases in Hb level. Transfusion use was low during the study in both groups. Both epoetin beta regiments were well tolerated and there were no dose-dependant adverse events. Epoetin beta 30 000 IU once weekly is an effective and well-tolerated treatment of anaemia in patients with solid tumours. [source] Intravenous iron attenuates postvaccination anti-HBsAg titres after quadruple hepatitis B vaccination in dialysis patients with erythropoietin therapyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 3 2009J.-H. Liu Summary Background:, Anaemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is commonly treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), often in combination with an adjuvant iron supplement. There is much evidence that rHuEPO can influence the immune response by its effect on lymphocytes. Also, iron catalyses the formation of radicals and increases the risk of major infections by negatively affecting the immune system. The relationship between antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) responsiveness after hepatitis B vaccination and rHuEPO/adjuvant iron supplementation has not been reported before. Aim:, To determine the effects of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous (i.v.) iron therapy on the responsiveness of anti-HBsAg after quadruple hepatitis B vaccination among ESRD patients. Methods:, Retrospective medical records were reviewed in a hospital with a tertiary teaching facility. Eighty-three ESRD patients, including 51 who underwent haemodialysis and 32 who underwent peritoneal dialysis therapy, received a quadruple recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. We investigated anti-HBsAg titres in those patients who either received rHuEPO alone (n = 50) or rHuEPO in combination with i.v. iron (n = 33). Results:, We found that the postvaccination anti-HBsAg titre was significantly lower in the rHuEPO plus i.v. iron group when compared with the group with rHuEPO alone (p < 0.05). The increment of anti-HBsAg between the initial month and the seventh month was positively correlated with therapeutic rHuEPO dosages in the group with rHuEPO alone (r = 0.303, p = 0.033). This relationship was not present in the rHuEPO with i.v. iron group (r = ,0.289, p = 0.229). Conclusions:, The levels of anti-HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination are positively correlated with the dose of rHuEPO treatment during the vaccinated period among ESRD patients without i.v. iron supplementation. Also, i.v. iron negatively impacts the responsiveness of anti-HBsAg titre after hepatitis B vaccination in ESRD patients who have undergone rHuEPO therapy. [source] The effect of weekly iron supplementation on anaemia and on iron deficiency among female tea pluckers in BangladeshJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 3 2001D. Gilgen Aim To investigate the effect of weekly iron supplementation on anaemia and iron deficiency among adult, female tea pluckers. Method A randomized double-blind intervention trial was conducted in a tea estate in Bangladesh where a total of 280 women received either weekly iron supplementation (200 mg ferrous fumarate and 200 mg folic acid) for 24 weeks or a matching placebo. Capillary blood samples were drawn at baseline and post-trial to determine haemoglobin, haematocrit and ferritin concentration. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was calculated using the haemoglobin and haematocrit values. Results The mean haemoglobin concentration in the supplemented group increased by 5.52 g L,1 over the study period, on average, while ferritin values decreased by 0.33 ,g L,1. The control group showed a decrease in both mean haemoglobin (,0.24 g L,1) and ferritin (,5.32 ,g L,1). Those individuals in the supplemented group with the lowest pretrial haemoglobin and ferritin values experienced the greatest improvements post-trial, whereas nonanaemic individuals showed a decrease in both haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. A total of 62.2% of women in the supplemented group reported feeling better and more energetic compared to 51.1% in the placebo group; 14.4% of the supplemented group and 22.7% of the control group complained about side-effects. Conclusion Weekly iron supplementation was logistically simpler and cheaper than daily supplementation but would have to be continued on a longer term basis in order to combat both anaemia and iron deficiency. [source] INTRAVENOUS IRON IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: HAEMOGLOBIN CHANGE SHORTLY AFTER TREATMENT OF PATIENTS NEITHER ON DIALYSIS NOR ON ERYTHROPOIETINJOURNAL OF RENAL CARE, Issue 3 2008Senyo Tagboto SUMMARY Anaemia is a common in chronic kidney disease. Although erythropoietin and iron supplementation are established treatments, knowledge on the use of IV iron alone in patients not on dialysis or erythropoietin is incomplete. The responses of 82 patients referred to the renal anaemia service with haemoglobin of 11.5 g/dl or less were assessed 1 week after completing four once weekly doses of 200 mg of venofer. No patients were on dialysis or erythropoietin. The haemoglobin rise 1 week after treatment was 0.53 g/dl. Ferritin levels improved from 110.8 to 410.2 ng/l and transferrin saturation from 17.7 to 27.3%. Ferritin levels remained below our target range (200,500 ng/l) in 7.7% while 25.6% had levels above this. Ferritin levels remained less than 800 ng/l in nearly all patients. Intravenous iron is cost effective and should be considered for use in patients with renal anaemia. Patients with CKD stage 5 appeared to respond less well. [source] Effect of oral iron supplementation on oxidative stress and colonic inflammation in rats with induced colitisALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 12 2001J. Carrier Background: Iron supplementation may increase disease activity in ulcerative colitis, possibly through the production of reactive oxygen species from the Fenton reaction. Aim: To assess the effects of two doses of oral iron on intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental colitis. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats by giving 5% dextran sulphate sodium in drinking water for 7 days. First, using a 2 × 2 factorial design, rats with or without dextran sulphate sodium received the regular diet or a diet containing iron 3%/kg diet. Second, rats with dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis were supplemented with iron 0.3%/kg diet and compared with rats on dextran sulphate sodium and regular diet. The body weight change, histological scores, colon length, rectal bleeding, plasma and colonic lipid peroxides, colonic glutathione peroxidase and plasma vitamin E and C were measured. Faecal analysis for haem and total, free and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid-chelatable iron was also performed. Results: Iron 3% and iron 0.3% increased the activity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as demonstrated by higher histological scores, heavier rectal bleeding and further shortening of the colon. This was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant vitamins. Faecal iron available to the Fenton reaction was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Iron supplementation taken orally enhanced the activity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis and is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. [source] Growth, haematological parameters and tissue lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, fed diets supplemented with different levels of ferrous sulphateAQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 1 2009J.-H. CHU Abstract Soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, with an average weight of 5.55 g, were fed diets supplemented with eight levels of ferrous sulphate for 8 weeks. The analysed iron content ranged from 50.8 to 482.9 mg kg,1. Growth rate of turtles fed the control diet with no iron supplementation was the lowest among all dietary groups. Haematological parameters including red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration of the turtles fed the control diet were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower relative to the other groups. Thus, dietary iron at 50.8 mg kg,1 (no supplemented iron) was deemed deficient for growth and ineffective at preventing anaemia in juvenile soft-shelled turtle. Whereas, a supplementation of 50 mg kg,1 ferrous sulphate (a total dietary iron of 91.8 mg kg,1) was enough to normalize the haematological values of soft-shelled turtles to the level similar to other iron supplement-fed groups. Within the tested dietary iron range, liver iron content curve-linearly (r2 = 0.99) increased with increasing dietary iron level. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver tissues of the turtles have also increased when liver iron content increased. The dietary iron requirement of soft-shelled turtle is 120,198 mg kg,1 when ferrous sulphate is used as the source of iron. [source] Triplet pregnancy in a Jehovah's Witness: recombinant human erythropoietin and iron supplementation for minimising the risks of excessive blood lossBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Emmanuel Kalu No abstract is available for this article. [source] Early iron supplementation for very low birth weight preterm newborns: statistical vs. clinical significance!!ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009Bhavneet Bharti No abstract is available for this article. [source] Early iron supplementation in preterm very low birth weight neonates: Author's replyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009Mari Jeeva Sankar No abstract is available for this article. [source] Early iron supplementation in very low birth weight infants , a randomized controlled trialACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2009Mari Jeeva Sankar Abstract Aim: To evaluate if supplementing iron at 2 weeks of age improves serum ferritin and/or haematological parameters at 2 months of life in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Preterm VLBW infants who received at least 100 mL/kg/day of oral feeds by day 14 of life were randomized to either ,early iron' (3,4 mg/kg/day orally from 2 weeks) or ,control' (no iron until 60 days) groups. Infants were followed up fortnightly and all morbidities were prospectively recorded. Serum ferritin was measured at 60 days by enzyme immunoassay method. Results: Forty-six infants were included in the study; primary outcome was available for 42 infants. There was no difference in either serum ferritin (mean: 50.8 vs. 45.3 ,g/L; adjusted difference in means: 5.8, 95% CI: ,3.0, 14.6; p = 0.19) or haematocrit (32.5 ± 5.3 vs. 30.8 ± 6.3%; p = 0.35) at 60 days between the early iron and control groups. The magnitude of fall in serum ferritin from baseline to the end of study period was also not different between the groups (4.9 vs. 13.8 ,g/L; difference in means: 8.8; 95% CI: ,0.3, 17.9; p = 0.06). The requirement of blood transfusions (9.5 vs. 13%; p = 0.63) and a composite outcome of common neonatal morbidities (19% vs. 21.7%; p = 0.55) were also not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Supplementing iron at 2 weeks of age in preterm VLBW infants did not improve either serum ferritin or the haematological parameters at 2 months when compared to the standard practice of starting iron from 8 weeks of age. [source] Growth of Brucella abortus in macrophages from resistant and susceptible mouse strainsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2000J. Sathiyaseelan C57Bl/10 mice have a superior ability to control chronic infections with virulent strains of the intracellular bacteria Brucella abortus compared with BALB/c mice. While a number of differences in the cytokines produced by lymphocytes following infection of these two strains of mice have been shown, macrophages have not been evaluated for their role in conveying relative resistance. The importance of macrophages in control of brucella infections is demonstrated by the observations that intracellular survival of various strains of B. abortus directly correlates with their virulence in vivo, and the ability of macrophages to control brucellae in vitro has been shown to correlate with a brucella-resistant phenotype in ruminants. While both BALB/c and C57Bl are Nramp -susceptible mouse strains, additional differences in macrophage function outside of the Nramp1 gene effects could influence susceptibility to brucellosis. The studies conducted here comparing the ability of macrophages from C57Bl/10 and BALB/c mice indicate that the macrophages from resistant mice did not control intracellular growth of B. abortus strain 2308 more efficiently than those from the susceptible mice, either in the absence of, or following, interferon-gamma activation or iron supplementation. A number of different conditions for culturing macrophages were evaluated to rule out the influence of antibiotics on the conclusions drawn from the results. [source] Randomized double-blind controlled trial on the effects on iron status in the first year between a no added iron and standard infant formula received for three months,ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2002DP Tuthill Recent research has not only questioned the necessity of iron supplementation in human milk substitutes prior to weaning, but also suggested some potential adverse effects. This study investigated the hypothesis that infant formula need not contain added iron in the first 3 mo. Healthy term infants were recruited into a double-blind controlled trial and randomized to receive either a new no added iron formula (New; <0.1 mg Fe 100 ml,1) or a standard formula (Standard; 0.5 mg Fe 100 ml,1) for the first 3 mo of life. A breastfed reference group was also studied. Iron status was assessed at 3 and 12 mo from heel-prick capillary blood samples evaluated by full blood-count analysis, including reticulocytes and serum ferritin. In total, 149 infants were entered (51 New, 49 Standard, 49 breastfed) with no differences between the groups in gender distribution, birthweight, gestation or numbers completing the study. There were no significant differences between the principal outcome measures: mean values for haemoglobin, mean cell volume and ferritin, between the two formula-fed groups, and the proportion with a haemoglobin level <11 g dl,1 or ferritin <10 ,g l,1 did not differ. Conclusion: The use of a "no added iron" infant formula in place of an iron-fortified formula during the first 3 mo of life did not clinically affect iron status at 3 and 12 mo of age. The universal supplementation of formulae with iron during this initial period needs further consideration. [source] | ||||||||||