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Intrusion
Kinds of Intrusion Terms modified by Intrusion Selected AbstractsDetecting New Forms of Network Intrusion Using Genetic ProgrammingCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3 2004Wei Lu How to find and detect novel or unknown network attacks is one of the most important objectives in current intrusion detection systems. In this paper, a rule evolution approach based on Genetic Programming (GP) for detecting novel attacks on networks is presented and four genetic operators, namely reproduction, mutation, crossover, and dropping condition operators, are used to evolve new rules. New rules are used to detect novel or known network attacks. A training and testing dataset proposed by DARPA is used to evolve and evaluate these new rules. The proof of concept implementation shows that a rule generated by GP has a low false positive rate (FPR), a low false negative rate and a high rate of detecting unknown attacks. Moreover, the rule base composed of new rules has high detection rate with low FPR. An alternative to the DARPA evaluation approach is also investigated. [source] Effect of treatment delay upon pulp and periodontal healing of traumatic dental injuries , a review articleDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2002J.O. Andreasen Abstract,,,Based on an analysis of the literature concerning parameters influencing the prognosis of traumatic dental injuries, few studies were found to have examined possible relationships between treatment delay and pulpal and periodontal ligament healing complications. It has been commonly accepted that all injuries should be treated on an emergency basis, for the comfort of the patient and also to reduce wound healing complications. For practical and especially economic reasons, various approaches can be selected to fulfill such a demand, such as acute treatment (i.e. within a few hours), subacute (i.e. within the first 24 h), and delayed (i.e. after the first 24 h). In this survey the consequences of treatment delay on pulpal and periodontal healing have been analyzed for the various dental trauma groups. Applying such a treatment approach to the various types of injuries, the following treatment guidelines can be recommended, based on our present rather limited knowledge of the effect of treatment delay upon wound healing. Crown and crown/root fractures: Subacute or delayed approach. Root fractures: Acute or subacute approach. Alveolar fractures: Acute approach (evidence however questionable). Concussion and subluxation: Subacute approach. Extrusion and lateral luxation: Acute or subacute approach (evidence however questionable). Intrusion: Subacute approach (evidence however questionable). Avulsion: If the tooth is not replanted at the time of injury, acute approach; otherwise subacute. Primary tooth injury: Subacute approach, unless the primary tooth is displaced into the follicle of the permanent tooth or occlusal problems are present; in the latter instances, an acute approach should be chosen. These treatment guidelines are based on very limited evidence from the literature and should be revised as soon as more evidence about the effect of treatment delay becomes available. [source] SWICA,2 M3: Second Conference on Salt Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: Monitoring, Modeling, and ManagementGROUND WATER, Issue 3 2004Luis E. Marin No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical Studies for Salt Water Intrusion on the South Coast of Laizhou Bay, ChinaGROUND WATER, Issue 1 2000Yuqun Xue Sea water intrusion has occurred on the east and southeast coasts of Laizhou Bay, China, since the 1970s (Wu et al. 1993). In 1981, on the adjacent south coast, the intrusion of salt water originating from brine was observed. In this area, the salt water intrusion was caused by the excessive pumping of fresh water in aquifers. Moreover, the simultaneous pumping of fresh water and salt water/brine formed a complicated ground water flow field. The data obtained from observation wells were used to analyze the origin of the salt water and brine, and the genesis of the bicarbonate/sodium water zone. All data suggest that the brine originated from ancient sea water, and that the bicarbonate/sodium water was formed by cation exchange. The variations of chemical compositions along representative flowpaths and the relationships between such variations and salt water intrusion were also discussed. [source] Stakeholders' Views on Vapor IntrusionGROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION, Issue 1 2009Lenny Siegel First page of article [source] Vapor Intrusion in Homes over Gasoline-Contaminated Ground Water in Stafford, New JerseyGROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION, Issue 1 2006Paul F. Sanders The potential for chemical vapor intrusion from contaminated ground water to the interior of homes was investigated at a site with a leaking underground gasoline storage tank in Stafford Township, New Jersey. This location exhibited conditions favorable to vapor intrusion, with sand soil and a water table depth of 3.3 m. Concentrations of volatile organic chemicals in the ground water were as high as 82 mg/L for total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and up to 590 mg/L for methyl- t -butyl ether (MTBE). Soil vapor samples at multiple depths were taken adjacent to several homes. Inside the homes, air samples were taken on the main floor, in the basement, and under the foundation slab. Despite high ground water concentrations, only one home had measurable impacts to indoor air quality attributable to some of the ground water contaminants. In this house, the BTEX chemicals were not detected in the basement, indicating a lack of indoor air impacts from the ground water for these chemicals. Oxygen measurements suggested that degradation attenuated these chemicals as they diffused through the vadose zone. However, MTBE, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), and cyclohexane were found in the indoor air. The first two of these chemicals served as gasoline-specific tracers and indicated that vapor intrusion was occurring. Attenuation factors (the ratio of the indoor air concentration to a source soil vapor concentration) for the BTEX chemicals between the ground water and the indoor air were <1 × 10,5, and for MTBE was 1.2 × 10,5. Attenuation factors between the deep-soil vapor and the basement air were as follows: BTEX compounds, <1 × 10,5; MTBE, 2.2 × 10,5; 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 3.6 × 10,4; and cyclohexane, 1.2 × 10,4. Attenuation factors between the subslab vapor and the basement air were 7 to 8 × 10,3. [source] Remediation of Sea Water Intrusion: A Case StudyGROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION, Issue 3 2001Ioannis K. Tsanis Sea water intrusion and remediation in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in South Carolina is simulated using the finite-element model SUTRA developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of the hydrogeologic parameters on the sea water recharge and seepage velocities is performed. An increase in confining unit and/or in aquifer conductivity results in an increase of the sea water recharge. An increase in aquifer porosity results in a decrease of the sea water recharge. Among the three remedial techniques simulated,reduced aquifer withdrawals, an injection well, and a combined injection and capture well,the reduced aquifer withdrawals and injection well are the best methods for preventing sea water intrusion. [source] Beton unter hohen Temperaturen , eine Frage der TunnelsicherheitBETON- UND STAHLBETONBAU, Issue 2 2006Konrad Bergmeister Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Die Sicherheit in den Tunnels wird einerseits durch das Verhalten der Benützer und andererseits durch die Konstruktion und Ausstattung bestimmt. Neben der Modellierung des Verhaltens und der Anwendung von Sicherheitstheorien in Tunnel gilt es, organisatorische und erzieherische Maßnahmen in der Planungs-, Ausführungs- und Betriebsphase zu setzen. Durch die extreme Hitzeentwicklung können die Einbauten und das Tunneltragwerk beschädigt werden. Dabei kann es zu Betonabplatzungen (spalling) und zum Ablösen von Betonstücken bzw. Verankerungen kommen. In diesem Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Spritzbetone -experimentell unter hohen Temperaturen untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Dichte und die Porenverteilung sowie die Zugkapazität der Betonformulierung von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung sind. Concrete exposed to high Temperatures , a safety Issue of tunnels The safety of tunnels is related to the behaviour of the users as well as to the construction and the equipment, which may be damaged due to heat impact. Concrete spalling decreases the effects of corrosion protection and the bonding of the reinforcement, and the load capacity is also diminished. Predictions about possible concrete spalling and failure mechanism often are based on experimental research. The crucial parameters for concrete spalling are the gas pressure in the pores, the physical properties e. g. water absorption at 20 °C and after 1000 °C and the mechanical resistance. In a full scale fire test in a highway tunnel there have been investigated various shotcrete mixtures. Pore size and distribution have been determined with the Mercury Intrusion (MIP) Porosimeter, whereas the permeability was calculated using the results of the MIP at different temperatures. It could be shown, that the moisture in the pore system and the physical and chemical adsorpted water in the matrix as well as in the aggregates evaporates under external increase of temperature and thus leading to higher pressure. Fire resistant shotcrete for use in tunnel shells should exhibit a certain volume of open pores in order to equalize the vapour pressure. [source] Petrology and Geochemistry of the Huangshan Granitic Intrusion in Anhui Province, Southeast China: Implications for Petrogenesis and GeodynamicsACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 3 2010Shu ZHANG Abstract: The Huangshan granitic intrusion in Anhui province, SE China, is tectonically located at the southeastern boundary of the Yangtze Block. Based on the contact relation and the petrography, the Huangshan granitic intrusion can be divided into four stages, from early to late, medium-grained monzogranite, coarse-grained porphyric granite, fine-medium grained porphyric granite, and fine-coarse grained granite. All rocks from the Huangshan granitic intrusion display similar petrological and geochemical characteristics, i.e. relatively high SiO2 (>75%) and alkali (7.85%,8.59%), low CaO(<1%), high Fe-number (FeOT/(MgO+FeOT) = 0.93,0.97) and A/CNK (atomic Al/(Ca+Na+K)) = 1.04,1.19. They are also enriched in rare earth elements (REE, except for Eu, with a total REE contents ranging from 116 ppm to 421 ppm), high strength field elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, but depleted in Ba, Sr and Ni. The 10 000×Ga/Al ratios are higher than 2.6, which are consistent with the A-type granitoids. Based on the classification diagrams proposed by Eby, the Huangshan granite can be classified into the A2 group, which is usually believed to be formed under an extensional tectonic setting. Their Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the primary magmas of the Huangshan granite are predominantly derived from the Proterozoic andesitic rocks in the region, and this conclusion is also supported by REE modeling. The systemic investigations on the geochemistry of the Huangshan granitic intrusion can provide significant implications for the understanding of the petrogenesis and the geodynamic regime of southeastern China during the Late-Mesozoic. [source] A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 yearsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2004II. Combined tooth, implant-supported FPDs Abstract Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5- and 10-year survival of combined tooth,implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and the incidence of biological and technical complications. Methods: An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FPDs with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year survival proportions. Results: From a total of 3844 titles and 560 abstracts, 176 articles were selected for full-text analysis, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated an estimated survival of implants in combined tooth,implant-supported FPDs of 90.1% (95 percent confidence interval (95% CI): 82.4,94.5%) after 5 and 82.1% (95% CI: 55.8,93.6%) after 10 years. The survival rate of FPDs was 94.1% (95% CI: 90.2,96.5%) after 5 and 77.8% (95% CI: 66.4,85.7%) after 10 years of function. There was no significant difference in survival of tooth and implant abutments in combined tooth,implant FPDs. After an observation period of 5 years, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5,7.2%) of the abutment teeth and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.2,5.3%) of the functionally loaded implants were lost. After 10 years, the corresponding proportions were 10.6% (95% CI: 3.5,23.1%) for the abutment teeth and 15.6% (95% CI: 6.5,29.5%) for the implants. After a 5 year observation period, intrusion was detected in 5.2% (95% CI: 2,13.3%) of the abutment teeth. Intrusion of abutment teeth were almost exclusively detected among non-rigid connections. Conclusion: Survival rates of both implants and reconstructions in combined tooth,implant-supported FPDs were lower than those reported for solely implant-supported FPDs (Pjetursson et al. 2004). Hence, planning of prosthetic rehabilitation may preferentially include solely implant-supported FPDs. However, anatomical aspects, patient centered issues and risk assessments of the residual dentition may still justify combined tooth,implant-supported reconstructions. It was evident from the present search that tooth,implant-supported FPDs have not been studied to any great extent and hence, there is a definitive need for more longitudinal studies examining these reconstructions. Résumé L'objectif de cette revue systématique a été de vérifier la survie à cinq et dix années de prothèses partielles fixées portées sur implants et dents et l'incidence des complications techniques et biologiques. Une recherche Medline ainsi que manuelle ont identifié les études prospectives et rétrospectives avec un suivi d'au minimum cinq années. Les patients avaient dû subir un examen clinique lors de ce suivi. L'identification des études et l'analyse des données ont été effectuées indépendamment par deux personnes. Les taux d'échecs et de complications ont été analysés en utilisant les modèles de régression Poisson avec effets hasard pour obtenir des estimations à cinq et dix ans. De 3 844 titres et 560 résumés, 176 articles ont été sélectionnés pour l'analyse approfondie et treize études atteignaient les critères d'inclusion. La méta-analyse de ces études indiquaient une estimation de survie des implants en combinaison des prothèses fixées sur implants et dents de 90,1%(intervalle de confidence 95% : 82,4 à 94,5%) après cinq années et de 82,1% (55,8 à 93,6% après dix années. Le taux de survie de ces prothèses étaient de 94,1% (90,2 à 96,5%) après cinq ans et de 77,8% (66,4 à 85,7%) après dix années. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative dans la survie des piliers dentaires et implantaires dans ces prothèses sur implants et dents. Après une observation de cinq années, 3,2% (1,5 à 7,2%) des piliers dentaires et 3,4% (2,2 à 5,3%) des implants ont été perdus. Après dix années, les proportions correspondantes étaient de 10,6 % (3,5 à 23,1%) pour les dents et de 15,6%(6,5%à 29,5%) pour les implants. Après une observation de cinq années, l'intrusion a été détectée dans 5,2% (2,0 à 13,3%) des dents piliers. L'intrusion des dents piliers étaient presque exclusivement détectée le long des connexions non-rigides. Le taux de survie de ces prothèses sur pilier dents et implants étaient inférieur à celui rapporté pour le même type de prothèse seulement placé sur implants (Pjetursson et al. 2004). Le plan de prothèse pourrait donc avoir une préférence pour ne placer des prothèses que sur des implants. Cependant les aspects anatomiques, le respect du patient et les risques pour la dentition résiduelle peuvent justifier les reconstructions sur implants et dents. Il était évident que lors de la recherche présente les bridges sur implants et dents n'avaien pas été beaucoup étudiés; il s'avère donc nécessaire de débuter davantage d'études longitudinales. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Ziel dieser systematischen Übersicht war einerseits die Bestimmung der Überlebenszeit von kombiniert zahn-implantat-getragenem festsitzendem Zahnersatz (FPDs) nach 5 und 10 Jahren und andererseits die Häufigkeit von biologischen und technischen Komplikationen zu beschreiben. Methoden: Man führte eine manuell ergänzte elektronische Medline-Suche durch, um prospektive und retrospektive Kohortenstudien über FPDs mit einer durchschnittlichen Beobachtungszeit von mindestens 5 Jahren zu identifizieren. Die Patienten mussten bei den Nachkontrollen auch klinisch untersucht worden sein. Die Aufnahme der ausgewählten Studien und die Abstraktion der Daten wurde von zwei Personen unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe eines Poission Regressionsmodells analysierte man die Misserfolgs- und Komplikationsraten und erhielt so zusammenfassende schätzwerte für die über lebenswahrscheindichkeit nach 5 und 10 Jahren. Resultate: Die Suche lieferte 3844 Titel und 560 Abstracts. Die Analyse des gesamten Textes erfolgte bei 176 Artikeln, von denen aus 13 Studien, die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Die Meta-Analyse dieser Studien ergab eine geschätzte Überlebensrate der Implantate in gemischt zahn-implantat-getragenen FPDs von 90.1% (95% CI: 82.4,94.5%) nach 5 Jahren und 82.1% (95% CI: 55.8,93.6%) nach 10 Jahren. Die Überlebensrate der FPDs betrug 94.1% (95% CI: 90.2,96.5%) nach 5 Jahren und 77.8% (95% CI: 66.4,85.7%) nach 10 Jahren in Funktion. Man fand bei den kombiniert zahn-implantat-getragenen FPDs keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei der Überlebensrate von Zahn- und Implantatpfeilern. Nach einer Beobachtungszeit von 5 Jahren waren 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5,7.2%) der Pfeilerzähne und 3.4% (95% CI: 2.2,5.3%) der funktionell belasteten Implantate verloren gegangen. Nach 10 Jahren betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 10.6% (95% CI: 3.5,23.1%) für die Pfeilerzähne und 15.6% (95% CI: 6.5,29.5%) für die Implantate. Nach einer Beobachtungszeit von 5 Jahren konnte man bei 5.2% (95% CI: 2,13.3%) der Pfeilerzähne eine Intrusion feststellen. Eine Intrusion war fast ausschliesslich bei nicht-starren Verbindungen festzustellen. Zusammenfassung: Die Überlebensraten für Implantate und Rekonstruktionen in kombiniert zahn-implantat-getragenen FPDs waren tiefer als die, welche in der Partnerstudie (Pjetursson et al. 2004) für allein implantat-getragene FPDs festgestellt worden sind. Daher müsste die Planung von prothetischen Rehabilitationen eigentlich vorzüglich mit rein implantat-getragenen FPDs durchgeführt werde. Anatomische Aspekte, patientenspezifische Gründe und die Risikoanalysen der Restbezahnung können aber weiterhin kombiniert zahn-implantat-getragene Rekonstruktionen rechtfertigen. Bei dieser Untersuchung wurde klar, dass die zahn-implantat-getragenen FPD's noch nicht in grösserem Ausmass studiert worden sind, was einen dringenden Bedarf an weiteren Lanzeitstudien, die diese Rekonstruktionen erforschen, zeigt. Resumen Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue valorar la supervivencia de dentaduras parciales fijas soportadas por implantes (FPDs) y describir la incidencia de complicaciones biológicas y técnicas. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda electrónica por Medline complementada con una búsqueda manual para identificar estudios cohorte prospectivos y retrospectivos acerca de FPDs con un tiempo de seguimiento medio de al menos 5 años. Los pacientes tenían que haber sido examinados clínicamente en la visita de seguimiento. La valoración de los estudios encontrados y de la abstracción de datos se llevó a cabo independientemente por dos revisores. Los índices de fracaso y complicación se analizaron usando modelos de regresión de efectos aleatorios de Poisson para obtener estimaciones de los sumarios de las proporciones de supervivencia a los 5 y 10 años. Resultados: De un total de 3844 títulos y 560 resúmenes, se seleccionaron 176 artículos para análisis, y 13 estudios coincidieron con los criterios de inclusión. Un meta análisis de estos estudios indicaron una supervivencia estimada de los implantes en FPDs soportados por dientes e implantes combinados del 90.1% (95% CI: 82.4,94.5%) tras 5 años, y 82.1% (95% CI: 55.8,93.6%) tras 10 años. El índice de supervivencia de los FPDs fue del 94.1% (95% CI: 90.2,96.5%) tras 5 años, y 77.8% (95% CI: 66.4,85.7%) tras 10 años en función. No hubo diferencias significativas en la supervivencia de los pilares de implantes o dientes en FPDs de dientes e implantes combinados. Tras un periodo de observación de 5 años, el 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5,7.2%) de los dientes pilares y 3.4% (95% CI: 2.2,5.3%) de los implantes en carga funcional se perdieron. Tras 10 años, las proporciones correspondientes fueron del 10.6% (95% CI: 3.5,23.1%) para los dientes pilares y 15.6% (95% CI: 6.5,29.5%) para los implantes. Tras un periodo de observación de 5 años, se detectó intrusión en 5.2% (95% CI: 2,13.3%) de los dientes pilares. La intrusión de los dientes pilares se casi exclusivamente detectada entre las conexiones no rígidas. Conclusión: Los índices de supervivencia de los implantes y las reconstrucciones en FPDs soportadas por dientes e implantes combinados fueron menores que los reportados para FPDs soportados por implantes únicamente (Pjetursson et al. 2004). Por lo tanto, la planificación de la rehabilitación prostética puede incluir preferentemente FPDs soportados solo por implantes. De todos modos, los aspectos anatómicos, las necesidades exactas del paciente y las valoraciones de riesgo de la dentición residual pueden todavía justificar las reconstrucciones soportadas por dientes e implantes combinados. Fue evidente de la presente búsqueda que los FPDs soportados por dientes e implantes no han sido estudiados extensamente y por lo tanto, existe definitivamente una necesidad para mas estudios longitudinales que examinen estas reconstrucciones. [source] The Legal Cartography of Colonization, the Legal Polyphony of Settlement: English Intrusions on the American Mainland in the Seventeenth CenturyLAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 2 2001Christopher Tomlins This essay investigates the first century of English colonization of the North American mainland, concentrating on the charters and letters patent that proponents of western planning secured over the course of the century. The elaborated legalities of chartering should be understood as a technology of planning and design. Charters allowed projectors both to justify their pursuit of particular territorial claims and to establish, with some precision, the conceptions of the appropriate, familiar, desired order of things and people that would be imposed onto uncharted social and physical circumstance. The structures of authoritative sociolegal order planned by projectors encountered others implicit in the migrations of actual settlers. Investigating settlers'disagreement with and departure from projectors'designs, the essay discards common explanations,that these were inevitable corrections brought about by the intrusion of local environmental realities on English projectors'fantasies, or the realization of an implicit evolutionary logic of political development, or of legal reception. It argues that disagreements were more often the result of a collision of distinct English legal cultures brought, by migration, into an unavoidable proximity. The essay counterposes the paradigm of "colonization" to both "common law reception" and "bottom-up localism" analyses of the formation of early American legal culture. It proposes that "colonization" also resolves the discontinuity between early (colonial) and later (U.S.) American history. [source] Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusions with Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern ChinaACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2009Zhaochong ZHANG Abstract: There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small ultramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-Pl-Ol-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and low-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limahe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basalts. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts. [source] Frequency of intrusive luxation in deciduous teeth and its effectsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Vivian Carvalho Second, to investigate the sequelae of total and partial intrusive luxation in the primary anterior teeth and in their successors and finally, to establish whether the sequelae on both deciduous and permanent teeth were related to the child's age at the time of the intrusion. Data collected from records of 169 boys and 138 girls, all between the ages of zero and 10 years, who were undergoing treatment during the period of March 1996 to December 2004. The sample was composed of 753 traumatized deciduous teeth, of which 221 presented intrusive luxation injury. Children with ages ranging from one to 4 years were the most affected with falls being the main cause of intrusion. Of all intruded teeth 128 (57.9%) were totally intruded and 93 (42.1%) partially. Pulp necrosis/premature loss and color change were the most frequent sequelae in both total and partial intrusions. Concerning permanent dentition, the most common disturbances were color change and/or enamel hypoplasia. Both types of intrusion caused eruption disturbance. Total intrusion was the most frequent type of intrusive luxation. There was no significant correlation between the child's age at the time of intrusion and the frequency of subsequent sequela on primary injured teeth (P = 0.035), between the age at the time of injury and the developmental disturbances on permanent teeth (P = 0.140). [source] Surgical repositioning of a traumatically intruded permanent incisor in a patient with rheumatic fever: case reportDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Rosana Sales Dias However, it is one of the most severe types of dentoalveolar trauma. By definition, intrusive luxation consists of the axial displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone, accompanied by comminution or fracture of the alveolar bone. Here we report the treatment management of a traumatically intruded immature permanent central incisor by surgical repositioning undertaken in a 10-year-old child with rheumatic fever 10 days after sustaining a severe dentoalveolar trauma. The intraoral examination showed the complete intrusion of the permanent maxillary right central incisor and the radiographic examination revealed incomplete root formation. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was prescribed and the intruded tooth was surgically repositioned and endodontically treated thereafter. The postoperative course was uneventful, with both clinically and radiographically sound conditions of the repositioned tooth up to 3 years and 2 months of follow-up. These outcomes suggest that surgical repositioning combined with proper antibiotic prophylaxis and adequate root canal therapy may be an effective treatment option in cases of severe intrusive luxations of permanent teeth with systemic involvement. [source] Evaluation of intruded primary incisorsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Juliana Oliveira Gondim Abstract,,, Tooth intrusion consists of the displacement of the tooth into its alveolus and is the most common trauma during early infancy. This work aims to evaluate the aspects related to tooth intrusion in primary teeth by monitoring 16 patients (22 teeth) for a period between 3 and 36 months. Of the patients who suffered from tooth intrusion, 56.25% were male and 91% of the intruding teeth were upper central incisors. In all cases the treatment indicated was to await spontaneous re-eruption: total re-eruption occurred in 42.5% of cases, partial re-eruption in 47% of cases and in 10.5% there was no re-eruption. Twenty-three percentage of the teeth suffered necrosis, 33% suffered internal or external root resorption and none suffered root canal obliteration. Fifty-seven percentage indicated healthy pulps independent of degree of re-eruption. [source] Prevalence of oral trauma in children with bilateral cleftsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Juliana Yassue Barbosa Da Silva Abstract,,, The main object of this study is to analyze the prevalence of oral trauma in subjects with complete bilateral clefts, with anterior projection of the premaxilla. A total of 106 children aging 6 months to 9 years were analyzed. The caretakers answered a specific questionnaire, in order to report the presence or absence of trauma to the soft and/or hard tissues of the child's mouth. Whenever there was a history of trauma, the patients were submitted to clinical examination. The prevalence of oral trauma was 53%, being 91% of soft tissue lesions, 8.9% of avulsion, 7% of luxation and 1.8% of intrusion. For the males, the prevalence was 56% and for the females it was 47%, with no statistical significance. Regarding the following aspects:period of time spent with the parents and at school, and presence or absence of siblings, no statistical difference could be found. Among the traumatized individuals, 80% aged less than 3 years by the moment of the trauma, 89% suffered the trauma at home, 75% presented lesions in the soft tissue at the premaxilla, 16% in the maxillary incisors, and 8.9% presented lesions in both structures. It was noticed that 45% of the permanent incisors that succeeded the traumatized deciduous teeth presented alterations, being 48% of structure and 52% of structure and position. The prevalence of trauma in this sample was superior to that observed in the literature, without any positive associations between the evaluated aspects. These results suggest that the projection of the premaxilla brings about a higher risk of oral trauma around this area. [source] Influence of surgical repositioning of mature permanent dog teeth following experimental intrusion: a histologic assessmentDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2002R. F. Cunha Abstract,,, The aim of this study was to evaluate, through histologic examination, the effect of surgical repositioning of intruded dog teeth upon the pulpal and surrounding tissues. Thirty teeth in 10 adult dogs, aged 2,3 years, were used. Fifteen teeth were intruded, surgically repositioned and fixed using orthodontics wire, composite resin, and enamel acid conditioning. All these teeth served as the experimental group. The remaining intruded teeth were not treated (control group). The animals were sacrificed to allow observations at 7, 15, and 30 post-operative days. The maxillary and mandibular archs were removed and processed for histologic exam. Based on the methodology and observed results, we concluded that: pulpal necrosis, external root resorption and ankylosis were common sequelae to severe traumatic intrusion; a careful immediate surgical repositioning of severed intruded permanent tooth with complete root formation has many advantages with few disadvantages. [source] A retrospective study of dento-alveolar injuries of children in Ankara, TurkeyDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Nil Altay Abstract , Information concerning age and sex distribution, etiology, types, place and extent of trauma as well as seasonal variations, time difference between traumatic injury and seeking of dental care and number of traumatic injuries was recorded retrospectively from 150 patients. The study comprised 91 boys and 59 girls representing 246 dental injuries and 332 injured teeth (72 primary and 260 permanent teeth). The most common injuries were uncomplicated crown fracture (23.57%), subluxation (15.85%), avulsion (10.16%), lateral luxation (9.75%), complicated crown fracture and intrusion (8.4% and 8.94%, respectively). The occurrence of uncomplicated crown fractures was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 10,12 years age group than other age groups. Lateral luxation and intrusion were significantly higher in the 1,6 and 7,9 years age groups (P<0.05, respectively). [source] New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator-assisted Werdnig-Hoffmann diseaseDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2000Masaya Kubota MD; A non-contact communication system was developed for a ventilator-assisted patient with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease who had lost all voluntary movements except for those of the eye. The system detects the extraocular movements and converts them to either a,yes'signal (produced by one lateral eyeball movement) or a,no'signal (produced by two successive lateral eyeball movements) using a video camera placed outside the patient's visual field. The patient is thus able to concentrate on performing a task without any intrusion from the detection system. Once the setting conditions of the device have been selected, there is no need for any resetting, as the patient is unable to move his body. In addition to playing television games, the child can use the device to select television channels, compose music, and learn written Japanese and Chinese characters. This seems to broaden the patient's daily world and promote mental development. [source] Knowledge and Varieties of Epistemic LuckDIALECTICA, Issue 4 2001Hamid Vahi It is generally thought that knowledge is incompatible with epistemic luck as the post-Gettier literature makes it abundantly clear. Examples are produced where although a belief is true and justified, it nevertheless falls short of being an instance of knowledge because of the intrusion of luck. Knowledge is regarded as being distinct from lucky guesses. It is, nevertheless, acknowledged by a number of epistemologists that some kind of luck is in fact an inevitable component of the process of knowledge acquisition. In this paper I wish to delineate varieties of epistemic luck in the light of the Gettier literature, and specify the kind that should be tolerated in the process of acquiring knowledge. To do this, it would be best to start by examining some of the recent attempts at analyzing the concept of luck and its bearing on the concept of knowledge. [source] Comparative histology of the vaginal,cloacal region in Squamata and its phylogenetic implicationsACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 4 2007Paola María Sánchez-Martínez Abstract We described the histology and morphology of the vaginal,cloacal region in 18 species from 12 Squamata families. This comparative study revealed a wide variation in the cloacal morphology. Fifteen morphological characters were considered to be primary homology hypotheses and were optimized over the topology derived from the parsimony analysis of the available soft morphological evidence, including the characters described in this study. The synapomorphies optimized for Squamata are bifid urodaeum, common urodaeal cavity with similar histological features of the urodaeal horns, and presence of glands in the anterior urodaeum; for Scleroglossa the synapomorphy is the lateral position of the vaginal intrusion into the anterior urodaeal chamber, for Nyctisaura + Scincomorpha the synapomorphy is the presence of a bifid posterior urodaeum; and for Xantusidae + Annulata it is the presence of simple glands in the anterior urodaeum. The central position of the vaginal intrusion into the urodaeal chamber and the intraepithelial position of the glandular unit in the anterior urodaeum behave as autapomorphies for Iguanidae. This study contributes evidence that defines the relationships within Scleroglossa. Cloacal features provide interesting information that is useful as a source of morphological characters for phylogenetic studies in Squamata. [source] The Effect of Hemosporidian Infections on White-Crowned Sparrow Singing BehaviorETHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Sarah Gilman Relatively little is known about the effects of specific parasites on sexually selected behavioral traits. We subjected free-living mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) to a playback experiment to identify the effect of hemosporidian parasites on potentially sexually selected song characteristics. We recorded song after a playback of a novel white-crowned sparrow song, meant to simulate a territorial intrusion. Infections with Leucocytozoon or Plasmodium influenced singing behavior, while infection with Haemoproteus had no detectable effect. Specifically, song consistency, as measured using a spectrogram correlation, was influenced by both Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon infection. Additionally, birds infected with Plasmodium sang fewer songs following experimental playback. Thus, relatively widespread parasites, like Plasmodium, may have a strong effect on potentially sexually selected song characteristics. [source] Transport of subarctic large copepods from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region by the coastal Oyashio intrusionFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2009YUGO SHIMIZU Abstract The lateral transport of organic carbon in large grazing copepods (Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii) from the Oyashio area to the mixed water region (MWR) by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated using the data of VMPS (vertical multiple plankton sampler) and 1500 dbar-referred geostrophic transport from the CTD (conductivity temperature depth sensor) data of five cruises during June 2001 to April 2002 on a repeat observation section OICE (Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo), which extends southeastward from Hokkaido Island, Japan. The transport to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion was estimated to be 5.3 × 1011 g C for the four species. Data from profiling floats also indicated that the copepods were advected from OICE to MWR by the coastal Oyashio intrusion within about 2 months. This transport is considered to be one of the significant sources of organic carbon in MWR as it is larger than the amount of large zooplankton consumed by Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in MWR, one of the dominant copepod predators in this region. [source] Ichthyoplankton-based spawning dynamics of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in south-eastern Australia: links to the East Australian CurrentFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2008FRANCISCO J. NEIRA Abstract We describe findings of three ichthyoplankton surveys undertaken along south-eastern Australia during spring (October 2002, 2003) and winter (July 2004) to examine spawning habitat and dynamics of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus). Surveys covered ,860 nautical miles between southern Queensland (Qld; 24.6°S) and southern New South Wales (NSW; 41.7°S), and were mainly centred on the outer shelf including the shelf break. Egg identifications were verified applying mtDNA barcoding techniques. Eggs (n = 2971) and larvae (n = 727; 94% preflexion) occurred both in spring and winter, and were confined to 25.0,34.6°S. Greatest abundances (numbers per 10 m2) of eggs (1214,7390) and larvae (437,1172) occurred within 10 nm shoreward from the break in northern NSW. Quotient analyses on egg abundances revealed that spawning is closely linked to a combination of bathymetric and hydrographic factors, with the outer shelf as preferred spawning area, in waters 100,125 m deep with mean temperatures of 19,20°C. Eggs and larvae in spring occurred in waters of the East Australian Current (EAC; 20.6,22.3°C) and mixed (MIX; 18.5,19.8°C) waters, with none occurring further south in the Tasman Sea (TAS; 16.0,17.0°C). Results indicate that at least some of the south-eastern Australian blue mackerel stock spawns during winter-spring between southern Qld and northern NSW, and that no spawning takes place south of 34.6°S due to low temperatures (<17°C). Spawning is linked to the EAC intrusion, which also facilitates the southward transport of eggs and larvae. Since spring peak egg abundances came from where the EAC deflects offshore, eggs and larvae are possibly being advected eastwards along this deflection front. This proposition is discussed based on recent data on blue mackerel larvae found apparently entrained along the Tasman Front. [source] Transport of larval jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) estimated from trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters and advective velocity fields obtained from sequential satellite thermal images in the eastern East China SeaFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2002Hee-Yong Kim Abstract Transport processes of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae in the waters off the west coast of Kyushu in the eastern East China Sea, have been investigated using satellite-tracked surface drifters and consecutive satellite thermal images. Trajectories of drifters describe northward flows over the continental shelf, eastward flows of the Kuroshio south-west of Kyushu, and a weak clockwise gyre off the west coast of Kyushu. In particular, the clockwise gyre causes the entrainment of jack mackerel larvae into the waters off the west coast of Kyushu. Consecutive satellite thermal images help to elucidate the northward warm water intrusion from the Kuroshio front south-west of Kyushu. Particle trajectories using sea surface current fields computed with the Maximum Cross Correlation (MCC) technique also reveal that the transport of jack mackerel larvae into the nursery ground off the west coast of Kyushu caused by the anti-cyclonic gyre and the warm streamers are an important process for successful recruitment. [source] Composition and evolution of fluids during skarn development in the Monte Capanne thermal aureole, Elba Island, central ItalyGEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008F. ROSSETTI Abstract We describe the chemistry of the fluids circulating during skarn formation by focusing on fluids trapped in calcsilicate minerals of the inner thermal aureole of the Late Miocene Monte Capanne intrusion of western Elba Island (central Italy). Primary, CH4 -dominant, C-O-H-S-salt fluid inclusions formed during prograde growth of the main skarn-forming mineral phases: grossular/andradite and vesuvianite. The variable phase ratios attest to heterogeneous entrapment of fluid, with co-entrapment of an immiscible hydrocarbon,brine mixture. Chemical elements driving skarn metasomatism such as Na, K, Ca, S and Cl, Fe and Mn were dominantly partitioned into the circulating fluid phase. The high salinity (apparent salinity between 58 and 70 wt% NaCl eq.) and the C-component of the fluids are interpreted as evidence for a composite origin of the skarn-forming fluids that involves both fluids derived from the crystallizing intrusion and contributions from metamorphic devolatilization. Oxidation of a Fe-rich brine in an environment dominated by fluctuation in pressure from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions (maintained by active crack-sealing) contributed to skarn development. Fluid infiltration conformed to a geothermal gradient of about 100°C km,1, embracing the transition from high-temperature contact metamorphism and fluid-assisted skarn formation (at ca 600°C) to a barren hydrothermal stage (at ca 200°C). [source] K-Ar age determination, whole-rock and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the post-collisional Bizmi,en and Çalt, plutons, SW Erzincan, eastern Central Anatolia, TurkeyGEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005Ayten Önal Abstract Post-collisional granitoid plutons intrude obducted Neo-Tethyan ophiolitic rocks in central and eastern Central Anatolia. The Bizmi,en and Çalt, plutons and the ophiolitic rocks that they intrude are overlain by fossiliferous and flyschoidal sedimentary rocks of the early Miocene Kemah Formation. These sedimentary rocks were deposited in basins that developed at the same time as tectonic unroofing of the plutons along E,W and NW,SE trending faults in Oligo-Miocene time. Mineral separates from the Bizmi,en and Çalt, plutons yield K-Ar ages ranging from 42 to 46,Ma, and from 40 to 49,Ma, respectively. Major, trace, and rare-earth element geochemistry as well as mineralogical and textural evidence reveals that the Bizmi,en pluton crystallized first, followed at shallower depth by the Çalt, pluton from a medium-K calcalkaline, I-type hybrid magma which was generated by magma mixing of coeval mafic and felsic magmas. Delta 18O values of both plutons fall in the field of I-type granitoids, although those of the Çalt, pluton are consistently higher than those of the Bizmi,en pluton. This is in agreement with field observations, petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data, which indicate that the Bizmi,en pluton represents relatively uncontaminated mantle material, whereas the Çalt, pluton has a significant crustal component. Structural data indicating the middle Eocene emplacement age and intrusion into already obducted ophiolitic rocks, suggest a post-collisional extensional origin. However, the pure geochemical discrimination diagrams indicate an arc origin which can be inherited either from the source material or from an upper mantle material modified by an early subduction process during the evolution of the Neo-Tethyan ocean. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Origin, age and petrogenesis of Neoproterozoic composite dikes from the Arabian-Nubian Shield, SW JordanGEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004G. Jarrar Abstract The evolution of a Pan-African (c. 900,550,Ma) suite of composite dikes, with latite margins and rhyolite interiors, from southwest Jordan is discussed. The dikes cut the Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline granitoids and high-grade metamorphic rocks (c. 800,600,Ma) of the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield in Jordan and have been dated by the Rb-Sr isochron method at 566±7,Ma. The symmetrically distributed latite margins constitute less than one-quarter of the whole dike thickness. The rhyolite intruded a median fracture within the latite, while the latter was still hot but completely solidified. The dikes are alkaline and bimodal in composition with a gap in SiO2 between 61 and 74,wt%. Both end members display similar chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns. The rhyolites display the compositional signature of A-type granites. The (La/Lu)N values are 6.02 and 4.91 for latites and rhyolites, respectively, and the rhyolites show a pronounced negative Eu anomaly, in contrast to the slight negative Eu anomaly of the latites. The chemical variability (e.g. Zr/Y, Zr/Nb, K/Rb) within and between latites and rhyolites does not support a fractional crystallization relationship between the felsic and mafic members of the dikes. We interpret the magma genesis of the composite dikes as the result of intrusion of mantle-derived mafic magma into the lower crust in an extensional tectonic regime. The mafic magma underwent extensive fractional crystallization, which supplied the necessary heat for melting of the lower crust. The products of the initial stages of partial melting (5,10%) mixed with the fractionating mafic magma and gave rise to the latite melts. Further partial melting of the lower crust (up to 30%) produced a felsic melt, which upon 50% fractional crystallization (hornblende 15%, biotite 5%, feldspars 60%, and quartz 20%) gave rise to the rhyolitic magma. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Viscoelastic displacement and gravity changes due to point magmatic intrusions in a gravitational layered solid earthGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001José Fernández Summary We present a method for the computation of time-dependent geodetic and geophysical signatures (deformation, potential and gravity changes) due to magmatic intrusions in a layered viscoelastic,gravitational medium. This work is an extension of a deformation model previously developed to compute effects due to volcanic loading in an elastic gravitational layered media. The model assumes a planar earth geometry, useful for near field problems, and consists of welded elastic and viscoelastic layers overlying a viscoelastic half-space. Every layer can either be considered elastic or viscoelastic. The intrusion (treated as a point source) can be located at any depth, in any of the layers or in the half-space. Several examples of theoretical computations for different media are also presented. We have found that, in line with previous results obtained by other authors, introducing viscoelastic properties in all or part of the medium can extend the effects (displacements, gravity changes, etc.) considerably and therefore lower pressure increases are required to model given observed effects. The viscoelastic effects seem to depend mainly on the rheological properties of the layer (zone) where the intrusion is located, rather than on the rheology of the whole medium. We apply our model to the 1982,1984 uplift episode at Campi Flegrei, modelling simultaneously the observed vertical displacement and gravity changes. The results clearly show that for a correct interpretation of observed effects it is necessary to include the gravitational field in the anelastic theoretical models. This factor can change the value and pattern of time-dependent deformation as well as the gravity changes, explaining cases of displacement without noticeable gravity changes or vice versa, cases with uplift and incremental gravity values, and other cases. The combination of displacement and gravity changes is found to be especially effective in constraining the possible characteristics of the magmatic intrusion as well as the rheology of the medium surrounding it. [source] Salt-water intrusion mapping by geoelectrical imaging surveysGEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Issue 4 2000S.S. Abdul Nassir The geoelectrical imaging method is a tool for mapping the intrusion boundary between fresh water and saline water due to its inherent capability to delineate the lateral changes in pore-water salinity. A new field survey technique that can be used for environmental and geotechnical investigations has been developed. This study evaluates the multiscale survey technique as a tool employed in electrical imaging to detect the salt-water intrusion boundary in Yan, State of Kedah, northwest Malaysia. The technique was incorporated into these surveys, and it has proved to be a robust method for accurately mapping the fresh-water/saline-water boundary. The resulting resistivity sections from these surveys were consistent with both the available geological and borehole information from the area and the previous resistivity surveys conducted by the Geological Survey of Malaysia at those sites. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||