Home  About us  Contact
 

Introduction

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences44%
Life Sciences13%
Humanities and Social Sciences11%
Chemistry8%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting7%
Psychology3%
Engineering3%
Earth and Environmental Science2%
Polymers and Materials Science2%
5 Other Domains7%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Cardiovascular Disease15%
Surgery & Surgical Specialties4%
93 Other Subdomains81%

Kinds of Introduction

  • accidental introduction
  • author introduction
  • brief introduction
  • disease introduction
  • early introduction
  • editor introduction
  • editorial introduction
    		•
  • editors introduction
  • exotic species introduction
  • first introduction
  • general introduction
  • gradual introduction
  • guest editors introduction
  • human-mediated introduction
    		•
  • initial introduction
  • intentional introduction
  • market introduction
  • multiple introduction
  • new product introduction
  • practical introduction
  • product introduction
    		•
  • recent introduction
  • sample introduction
  • short introduction
  • species introduction
  • successful introduction

    • Terms modified by Introduction

  • introduction mass spectrometry
    		•
  • introduction pathway
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Predictors of coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Screening for coronary artery stenosis using multidetector computed tomography

    JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION, Issue 1-2 2010
    Hiroko Nishioka
    Abstract Aims/Introduction:, Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography has been applied as a tool for non-invasive evaluation of the coronary arteries. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MDCT in screening for coronary artery disease (CAD), and to identify the indications for screening in diabetes patients with CAD. Materials and Methods:, The study population consisted of 52 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients who underwent examination with a 64-slice MDCT scanner, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography and ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries. Regression analysis was carried out to assess the correlation between MDCT results and CAD risk factors. Results:, Stenosis of the coronary artery was detected in 19/52 patients. Of the 19 patients, 7 patients had no symptoms, including chest pain, and no ischemic changes in ECG. Significant differences between patients with stenosis and those without stenosis were detected by mean IMT (1.21 vs 0.95 mm), and duration of diabetes (20 vs 13 years). Two-tailed ,2 -test showed that a duration of diabetes of more than 20 years (odds ratio 6.222) and more than 1.1 mm of mean-IMT (odds ratio 4.600) significantly correlated with the stenosis. Conclusions:, It was shown that MDCT is useful in detecting coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients without symptoms of CAD or ECG abnormality, and the predictors of CAD are mean IMT and duration of diabetes. It is recommended that patients with more than 1.1 mm mean IMT at the carotid artery and/or more than 20 years duration of diabetes should be screened for CAD by carrying out MDCT. [source]

    The challenge of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 12 2007
    M. Cohen
    Summary Background/introduction:, Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) represent a spectrum of ischaemic myocardial events that share a similar pathophysiology. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the most severe form of ACS short of sudden cardiac death, is a significant public health problem with an estimated 500,000 STEMI events every year in the United States. Treatment/therapy:, The mortality and morbidity associated with STEMI is significant. Early reperfusion therapy is the most important aspect of the treatment of STEMI. There are two main methods of reperfusion therapy: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolytic therapy, with PCI being the preferred method. In addition to standard reperfusion therapy, antithrombotics (unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins) and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors) are critical adjuncts, effective in the treatment of acute STEMI. Conclusions:, The survival of patients with STEMI depends on rapid diagnosis and optimal early treatment. Guidelines for the management of patients with STEMI recommend PCI within 90 min of presentation and that fibrinolytics are administered within 30 min. However, only a fraction of patients undergo reperfusion within the recommended time. Improvements in protocols for identifying STEMI cases are therefore required to allow reperfusion therapy to be initiated sooner. Secondary prevention is another important aspect of STEMI management, and patients should be encouraged to adopt strategies that reduce the risk of subsequent ischaemic events. [source]

    EDITORS' INTRODUCTION TO "EMERGENT INDIGENEITIES"

    CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
    KIM FORTUN
    First page of article [source]

    EDITORS' INTRODUCTION TO THE "COKE COMPLEX"

    CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
    KIM FORTUN
    First page of article [source]

    AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GENUS LATHYRUS L.

    CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Issue 4 2008
    Gregory Kenicer
    First page of article [source]

    AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CLIMBING DICENTRAS , THE GENUS DACTYLICAPNOS IN CULTIVATION

    CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Issue 3 2008
    Nicholas Hind
    Summary The genus Dactylicapnos Wall. (Papaveraceae: Fumarioideae: Corydaleae) consists of annual and perennial climbers with half-hardy stems, tendrils on the leaves and, in most species, perennating, tuberous rootstocks. A short history of the genus is given here and its status is discussed. At present four species appear to be in cultivation and cultivation notes for these are provided. A description of the genus is given together with a synopsis, or nomenclator, of the species and associated names. [source]

    MODULE ONE: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH ETHICS

    DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 1 2005
    UDO SCHÜKLENK
    ABSTRACT This module will introduce you to the ethical concepts underlying applied ethical decision-making in the area of research involving human participants. We will also learn what the issues are that people involved in research on research ethics are concerned with. Ethics without an understanding of historical and legal context makes arguably little sense. It is for this reason that this module will begin with a brief history of research ethics and ends with a brief overview of the relevant national and international guidelines pertaining to ethical issues in research involving human participants. [source]

    GUEST EDITORS' INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE ON ALIENATED CHILDREN IN DIVORCE AND SEPARATION: EMERGING APPROACHES FOR FAMILIES AND COURTS

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 1 2010
    Barbara Jo Fidler
    First page of article [source]

    INTRODUCTION OF SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORS

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
    Kelly Browe Olson
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE ON UNIFIED FAMILY COURTS

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 2 2008
    Barbara A. Babb
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION BY SPECIAL ISSUE EDITOR

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2007
    Howard Davidson
    First page of article [source]

    EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION: Functional anatomy of the brain

    JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2005
    John C. Marshall
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION: REHEARSING THE OLD AND ANTICIPATING THE NEW

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2009
    ON-CHO NG
    [source]

    INTRODUCTION: RECONSIDERING THE MOZI????

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2008
    FRANKLIN PERKINS
    [source]

    INTRODUCTION: NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES IN CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2007
    KARYN L. LAI
    [source]

    INTRODUCTION: THE LONG ROAD TO GLOBAL JUSTICE, PEACE, AND HUMANITY

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2007
    XUNWU CHEN
    [source]

    INTRODUCTION: DOING CHINESE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY WITHOUT "MAT VENDOR'S FALLACY"

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2007
    CHENYANG LI
    [source]

    INTRODUCTION: WISDOM IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

    JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2006
    XINZHONG YAO
    [source]

    LEAVING THE IVORY TOWER: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL SECTION ON DOING MARIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY RESEARCH IN COMMUNITY AGENCIES

    JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 1 2002
    Eric E. McCollum
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Combination of T2*W and FLAIR Abnormalities for the Prediction of Parenchymal Hematoma Following Thrombolytic Therapy in 100 Stroke Patients

    JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2009
    Jens Fiehler MD
    ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The objective of our study was to determine whether the combination of hypointense spots ("cerebral microbleeds," CMBs) with a leukoaraiosis is associated with the risk of parenchymal hematoma (PH) after thrombolytic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired within 6 hours after symptom onset from 100 ischemic stroke patients. Multiparametric MRI including a T2*-weighted (T2*w) MRI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) was performed before thrombolysis in all patients. Initial T2*w imaging was rated by two independent observers for the presence of CMBs smaller than 5 mm. White matter changes were evaluated using an adapted scale of Fazekas and Schmidt. PH was defined in follow-up imaging. FINDINGS A PH was observed in seven per 100 patients. CMBs were detected by observer 1 in 22 and observer 2 in 20 patients. We found a very low sensitivity (0.14) for prediction of PH by the presence of CMBs. We found a concordant increase in the rate of PH when the periventricular hyperintensity in FLAIR was larger than a thin lining. Sensitivity was good-to-perfect (0.86 and 1.00, observers 1 and 2) and specificity was substantial (0.65 and 0.66). Using the combination of a periventricular matter lesion (PVML)>1 and the presence of CMBs did not improve the prediction of PH. DISCUSSION A marked periventricular hyperintensity in FLAIR imaging seems to be associated with a substantially increased risk of PH. A combination of CMBs with leukoaraiosis scores did not appear to be beneficial for prognosis. [source]

    INTRODUCTION: FIELD APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

    JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
    P.M. Wong
    First page of article [source]

    INTRODUCTION: THE,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE,AT 50: LOOKING FORWARD TO THE NEXT 50 YEARS

    JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
    Gilles Duranton
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    NICHOLAS WOLTERSTORFF'S JUSTICE: RIGHTS AND WRONGS: AN INTRODUCTION

    JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 2 2009
    Paul Weithman
    ABSTRACT This introduction sets the stage for four papers on Nicholas Wolterstorff's Justice: Rights and Wrongs, written by Harold Attridge, Oliver O'Donovan, Richard Bernstein, and myself. In his book, Wolterstorff defends an account of human rights. The first section of this introduction distinguishes Wolterstorff's account of rights from the alternative account of rights against which he contends. The alternative account draws much of its power from a historical narrative according to which theory and politics supplanted earlier ways of thinking about justice. The second section sketches that narrative and Wolterstorff's counter-narrative. The third section draws together the main points of Wolterstorff's own account. [source]

    SPECIAL TOPIC FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: INTRODUCTION AND REFLECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF PURCHASING MANAGEMENT,

    JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009
    DANIEL R. KRAUSE
    This paper introduces a special topic forum on "Sustainable Supply Chain Management." Before introducing the papers included in the forum, the authors provide thoughts on the direction and future of sustainability research, particularly in the context of purchasing and supply chain management. The underlying premise that structures our discussion is straightforward: a company is no more sustainable than its supply chain. As such the purchasing function becomes central in a company's sustainability effort. In doing so, we reflect on the relationship between purchasing management and sustainable development by drawing from Kraljic's seminal article on how "Purchasing Must Become Supply Management." [source]

    INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE OF JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES

    JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 6 2006
    K.L. MCCARTHY
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION TO A SPECIAL ISSUE OF JTS

    JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 2 2004
    KATSUYOSHI NISHINARI
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION: ENHANCING THE CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 6 2006
    Jason K. Levy James
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTRODUCTION: COMPARATIVE CIVIC CULTURE

    JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008
    LAURA A. REESE
    ABSTRACT:,This symposium presents a subset of findings from a larger multicity research project using a single operational and methodological scheme to explore the nature of civic culture. The overall purpose is to explore civic cultures in an array of larger cities, test an initial typology of civic culture, and begin to examine the connections between civic culture and local policy. The articles in the symposium make clear that it is possible to empirically identify a parsimonious taxonomy of local civic cultures focusing on systems of community power, values, and decision-making. While many questions about the internal dynamics of each type remain to be answered, the civic cultures identified here appear empirically distinct and theoretically logical. Future research and dialogue need to focus on defining what culture is and what it is not, and then move to explore the linkages between the elements of civic culture and ultimately to local policy. [source]

    INTRODUCTION: Contributions of landscape genetics , approaches, insights, and future potential

    MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 17 2010
    VICTORIA L. SORK
    First page of article [source]

    INFERRING PROCESSES DURING INTRODUCTION AND RANGE EXPANSION: Detecting strong positive selection in the genome

    MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 5 2010
    WOLFGANG STEPHAN
    Abstract New statistical tests have been developed in the past decade that enable us to infer evidence of recent strong positive selection from genome-wide data on single-nucleotide polymorphism and to localize the targets of selection in the genome. Based on these tests, past demographic events that led to distortions of the site-frequency spectrum of variation can be distinguished from selection, in particular if linkage disequilibrium is taken into account. These methods have been successfully applied to species from which complete sequence information and polymorphism data are available, including Drosophila melanogaster, humans, and several plant species. To make full use of the available data, however, the tests that were primarily designed for panmictic populations need to be extended to spatially structured populations. [source]