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Intervention Work (intervention + work)
Selected AbstractsPromoting Colorectal Cancer Screening: Which Interventions Work?CA: A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS, Issue 4 2009Mary Desmond Pinkowish News & Views Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Psychobiological models of adolescent risk: Implications for prevention and interventionDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Julia Jackson-Newsom Abstract Psychobiological models of risk have much to contribute to the prevention of and intervention with risky behavior among adolescents. Emerging research is beginning to provide better information about mechanisms underlying individual differences in risky behavior (e.g., differences in self-regulation) and providing insight into unique vulnerabilities that occur during adolescence (e.g., increases in reward seeking). This work suggests ways in which prevention programming can be designed to be sensitive to both individual differences and developmental timing. Psychobiological models of risk also have practical implications for the manner and methods of conducting prevention and intervention work. Future work in both the etiology and prevention of risky behavior can benefit from ongoing dialogue and has the potential to result in a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms of change related to risky behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 295,297, 2010 [source] Coping Strategies and Relapse of Substance Abusers: A Case Study of the Therapeutic Community Program in IndonesiaASIAN SOCIAL WORK AND POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Adi Fahrudin The present study examined the ability of people with substance-dependence problems to cope with stressful events and refrain from resuming alcohol drinking and the use of drugs. This study specifically examined the length of time that substance abusing-residents spent in a state-owned, residential-based therapeutic community program at Lembang-Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A study sample of 68 residents completed a questionnaire with four sections. The results of this study showed no significant differences in the scores rating the coping behavior of the residents according to the length of stay in the program. This study also found no significant differences in the Coping Behavioral Inventory scores of the residents according to the level scores of total Coping Strategy Inventory. It is important for social workers to understand the relationship between the length of stay of residents and their ability to cope so that they can effectively engage in intervention work with individuals with substance-dependence issues who participate in the therapeutic community. [source] Family Characteristics and Traumatic Consequences Associated with the Duration and Frequency of Sexual AssaultASIAN SOCIAL WORK AND POLICY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Adi Fahrudin The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between family characteristics and the trauma associated with the duration and frequency of sexual assault on child survivors in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. Eighty children who reported sexual assault through a one stop crisis centre in an urban hospital were studied. The main research instrument used was adapted from the trauma symptoms checklist for children. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between the symptoms of trauma of victims according to the frequency of sexual assault, but not according to its duration. Social workers need both to understand and to take note of the relationship of the variables of family characteristics, frequency of sexual assault and trauma effects on the victims in their intervention work with child sexual assault survivors who report having been abused. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of providing crisis intervention by social workers in Malaysia for child victims of sexual assault. [source] Child Reactions to Terrorism: Cautions and Next Steps for ResearchCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 3 2007Alan E. Kazdin Comer and Kendall (2007) have provided an excellent review of what is known about the effects of terrorism on children. They have identified correlates, outcomes, and the many gaps in our current knowledge. The present comments focus on two main issues. First, there are many correlates and risk factors that predict deleterious outcomes following exposure to terrorist acts. Our field occasionally moves quickly to intervention work by altering malleable risk factors as if they played a causal role in the outcome or its amelioration. More work is needed to analyze these correlates and the precise role they play, if any, in the outcome. Second, in a relatively new area of research there are very many gaps in our knowledge. I discuss the need to prioritize and limit the focus of our studies. Priorities highlighted include evaluating the similarities among natural and human-made disasters and evaluating mechanisms of action among correlates that might bear an important role in child outcomes. Apart from the consequences of terrorist acts on children and families, our field must turn to the broader issue. What can our science do alone and in conjunction with other fields to understand and combat the precursors and origins of terrorism? Theory will be wonderful but we will need to have this grounded or tested to ensure we move beyond reasonable ideas or a lavish buffet of untestable interpretations. [source] Similarities and differences in the historical development of flood management in the alluvial stretches of the Lower Mississippi Basin and the Rhine Basin,§IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE, Issue S1 2006Dick de Bruin ingénierie hydraulique fluviale; développement historique des bassins du Rhin et du Mississippi inférieur; plaines alluviales Abstract Although the rivers Rhine and Mississippi cannot be compared as features of nature,the Mississippi River as a feature of nature is much bigger and more impressive than the Rhine,one can still observe striking similarities on flood management in both river basins, in particular in the alluvial flat reaches. But there are also some fundamental differences, not only technically but also institutionally. Since industrialization (around 1800), inland navigation became a major user on both river systems and later flood control started developing more fundamentally. Large intervention works were needed, mainly developed and based on trial and error. In both cases it has led to irreversible effects, which demand continuous attention. For the alluvial stretches in both river basins, a review is given on the most important developments in river engineering over the last two centuries. For both rivers, nautical management and flood control were held in one institutional hand at national/federal level, because both uses/sectors need the creation and regular maintenance of one similar issue: a stable and deep main channel. But the way in which in particular flood management gradually developed institutionally, as an essential part of integrated water management in the alluvial flat lower reaches of both river systems, has diverged. Discussions on financing, priorities, public disclosure, multifunctional aspects, etc. have led in both basins to lengthy procedures and complicated policy making. This paper elaborates on the historic development of fundamentals in river engineering and river management in the alluvial plains of the Rhine Basin and the Lower Mississippi Basin, more in particular focusing on the development of flood protection dikes, and on the stabilization of major channels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Bien que le Rhin et le Mississippi ne puissent pas être comparés en termes physiques,le Mississippi est beaucoup plus grand et impressionnant que le Rhin,on peut pourtant observer des similitudes saisissantes dans la protection contre les inondations des deux bassins, en particulier dans les plaines alluviales. Mais il existe également quelques différences fondamentales, non seulement techniques mais institutionnelles. Depuis les débuts de l'industrialisation (vers 1800), la navigation est devenue un usage très important sur les deux fleuves et la protection contre les inondations à commencer à se mettre en place de façon plus systématique. De grands travaux d'intervention ont été nécessaires, principalement basés sur la règle empirique de l'essai/erreur. Dans les deux cas, ceci a entraîné des effets irréversibles, qui nécessitent une surveillance permanente. Pour les plaines alluviales des deux bassins, l'article passe en revue la plupart des développements de l'ingénierie hydraulique fluviale des deux cent dernières années. Pour les deux fleuves, la gestion de la navigation et la protection contre les inondations ont été regroupées dans une même institution au niveau national/fédéral, parce que les deux usages/secteurs demandaient la création et l'entretien régulier d'une même infrastructure: un canal principal stable et profond. Mais la manière dont la protection contre les inondations s'est progressivement développée sur le plan institutionnel, comme élément essentiel de la gestion intégrée de l'eau dans les plaines alluviales des deux fleuves, s'est différenciée. Des débats sur le financement, les priorités, l'information du public, les aspects multi fonctionnels, etc., ont conduit les deux bassins à mettre en place des procédures lourdes et des prises de décision complexes. Cet article présente le développement historique des principes fondamentaux de l'hydraulique fluviale et de la gestion de fleuve dans les plaines alluviales du bassin du Rhin et du bassin inférieur du Mississippi, en mettant l'accent sur le développement des digues de protection et la stabilisation des canaux principaux. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Review: evaluating information systems in nursingJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 5 2008Cristina Oroviogoicoechea MSc Aims., To review existing nursing research on inpatient hospitals' information technology (IT) systems in order to explore new approaches for evaluation research on nursing informatics to guide further design and implementation of effective IT systems. Background., There has been an increase in the use of IT and information systems in nursing in recent years. However, there has been little evaluation of these systems and little guidance on how they might be evaluated. Methods., A literature review was conducted between 1995 and 2005 inclusive using CINAHL and Medline and the search terms ,nursing information systems', ,clinical information systems', ,hospital information systems', ,documentation', ,nursing records', ,charting'. Results., Research in nursing information systems was analysed and some deficiencies and contradictory results were identified which impede a comprehensive understanding of effective implementation. There is a need for IT systems to be understood from a wider perspective that includes aspects related to the context where they are implemented. Conclusions., Social and organizational aspects need to be considered in evaluation studies and realistic evaluation can provide a framework for the evaluation of information systems in nursing. Relevance to clinical practice., The rapid introduction of IT systems for clinical practice urges evaluation of already implemented systems examining how and in what circumstances they work to guide effective further development and implementation of IT systems to enhance clinical practice. Evaluation involves more factors than just involving technologies such as changing attitudes, cultures and healthcare practices. Realistic evaluation could provide configurations of context-mechanism-outcomes that explain the underlying relationships to understand why and how a programme or intervention works. [source] Brief Intervention for Female Heavy Drinkers in Routine General Practice: A 3-Year Randomized, Controlled StudyALCOHOLISM, Issue 11 2000Mauri Aalto Background: Today, heavy drinking is a common health hazard among women. The evidence in favor of providing some kind of brief intervention to reduce drinking is quite convincing. However, we do not know if intervention works in a natural environment of routine health care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of long-lasting, brief alcohol intervention counseling for women in a routine general practice setting. Methods: In five primary care outpatient clinics in a Finnish town, 118 female early-phase heavy drinkers who consulted their general practitioners for various reasons were given brief alcohol intervention counseling. Intervention groups A (n= 40) and B (n= 38) were offered seven and three brief intervention sessions, respectively, over a 3-yr period. The control group C (n= 40) was advised to reduce drinking at baseline. Main outcome measures were self-reported weekly alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Results: Depending on the outcome measure and the study group, clinically meaningful reduction of drinking was found in 27% to 75% of the heavy drinkers. Within all the groups, MCV significantly decreased. However, there were no statistically significant differences between study groups A, B, and C in the mean changes between the beginning and endpoint in the main outcome measures. Conclusions: The present study indicated that minimal advice, as offered to group C, was associated with reduced drinking as much as the brief intervention, as offered to groups A and B, given over a 3-yr period. Furthermore, in the routine setting of the general practice office, the effectiveness of the brief intervention may not be as good as in special research conditions. The factors possibly reducing the effectiveness in a routine setting are unknown. Thus, different methods of implementing brief intervention need to be evaluated to find better ways to support general practice personnel in their efforts to help heavy-drinking female patients to reduce their drinking. [source] Reflections on smoking relapse researchDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006SAUL SHIFFMAN Abstract This paper presents personal reflections on the history, current status and the future of research on smoking relapse. Relapse was traditionally viewed primarily as an outcome, to be reduced with increased treatment. In the 1980s, relapse research was invigorated by a focus on the process of relapse, focusing on the specific situations in which lapses to smoking occurred, and on the processes that mediated progression from a lapse to a relapse. This line of research had substantial influence on treatment, but has currently been displaced by a return to a pure outcomes-focus, driven in part by the practical need to find treatments that work and to package them for dissemination. At the same time, technological and methodological developments have enabled detailed monitoring of experience and behaviour throughout the relapse process, and progression of these developments will make monitoring of relapse process compelling in the future. The need to understand how interventions work will also drive a resurgence of research on the relapse process. Finally, the same technological and conceptual developments that enable detailed monitoring of behaviour will spawn the development of just-in-time interventions that are offered and implemented as needed, rather than being addressed in the abstract in advance of the need [source] | ||||||||||||||||