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Intervention Design (intervention + design)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	33%
Medical Sciences	25%
Humanities and Social Sciences	25%

Selected Abstracts

Toward a Current, Comprehensive, Integrative, and Flexible Model of Motivation for Instructional Design

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006
Patricia L. Hardré
Workplace motivation historically has been an HR function, with ID as a training function. This division produces a split between motivation and training, leaving them isolated from one another. Intervention design needs to include motivation throughout its phases, to maximize motivating opportunities for performance improvement. The current models included in instructional design texts and resources are important, but tend to lack some characteristics that would make them more useful and productive for designers. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical and conceptual framework for the devel-opment of a new model of motivation for intervention design that is current, comprehensive, integrative, and flex-ible. To that end, we (1) review the key points of the call for such a model; (2) present a framework for such a model; (3) offer a conceptual prototype for a model to meet designer's needs and include perspectives from experts in instructional design and performance technology, including how it fills out an integrative theoretical base of motivation for the field; and (4) present future development implications for the field. [source]

Getting it right: designing adolescent-centred smoking cessation services

ADDICTION, Issue 7 2007
Sarah MacDonald
ABSTRACT Aims To demonstrate the importance of identifying adolescent preferences for smoking cessation in order to inform the design of effective adolescent cessation services. Design Structured qualitative interviews drawing on means-end theory. Setting Three youth-clubs and two secondary schools in south-east Wales. Participants Twenty-five male and female 13,18-year-olds, mainly daily smokers. Findings Interviewees did not assume immediately that a smoking cessation service is something that will be available to them, and therefore they initially encountered difficulties in identifying attributes of such support. With further prompting interviewees were able to express a preference for support attributes, but these were not attributes that traditionally form part of cessation provision. Their main preference was for support from friends and family, access to nicotine replacement therapy and non-school-based, flexible support and guidance. Conclusion The results re-emphasize the inadequacies of existing cessation provision for meeting adolescent preferences and suggest that developing more adolescent-appropriate support requires a reconceptualization of existing interventions, with service users situated at the core of intervention design. The study highlights a number of service development points for intervention planners including: rethinking the timing and location of provision; placing more emphasis on the selection of facilitators; harnessing support from friends and family; and rooting these developments in broader tobacco control strategies. [source]

Exercise and Diet Beliefs of Overweight Women Participating in an Exercise and Diet Program: An Elicitation Study Using the Theory of Planned Behavior,

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004
Rebecca Ellis Gardner
The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise and diet beliefs of overweight women using the theory of planned behavior. Participants were 104 overweight community women and university students who completed a 4-week exercise and diet program. The most salient exercise beliefs for the participants were (a) increased motivation, structure and accountability, and social support (behavioral beliefs); (b) job or school responsibilities and traveling (control beliefs); and (c) group members and the program trainer (normative beliefs). The most salient diet beliefs were (a) improved eating habits and convenience (behavioral beliefs), (b) lack of control over food preparation and inconvenience (control beliefs), and (c) family and spouse or significant other (normative beliefs). These results are discussed in comparison to beliefs held by different populations and in regard to implications for intervention design. [source]

The Relation of Patterns of Coping of Inner,City Youth to Psychopathology Symptoms

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2002
Patrick H. Tolan
This study provides empirical verification that variations in patterns of coping can explain current and future functioning of youth. The study evaluated the methods and styles of coping of inner,city youth and their relation to age, gender, ethnicity, stress levels, and internalizing and externalizing symptom levels. Three hundred seventy,two 12, to 16,year,old adolescents from inner,city schools (67.0% African American, 24.4% Hispanic; 53.41% males) participated. One hundred forty,nine were also included in a follow,up evaluation of the prospective relation of coping to functioning. A seven,factor model of coping methods was identified and found to be applicable across age groups, genders, and ethnic groups. The model was robust over time. Coping methods were categorized through cluster analysis into five styles. Styles were found to relate somewhat to demographic characteristics and stress levels. Controlling for demographic characteristics and stress levels, coping style related concurrently and prospectively to internalizing and externalizing symptom levels. Except in one instance, age, ethnicity, and gender did not interact with coping in predicting symptoms. Implications for further coping research and risk and intervention design are discussed. [source]

Toward a Current, Comprehensive, Integrative, and Flexible Model of Motivation for Instructional Design

Use of office discipline referrals in school-wide decision making: A practical example

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 1 2007
Sheila M. Clonan
Problem-solving approaches incorporating interventions at multiple levels have gained in popularity in recent years. One such model, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), was developed to assist schools to more effectively promote positive student behavior through a systematic and recursive approach to developing and assessing school-wide behavioral interventions. The focus of this article is on how data such as office discipline referrals (ODRs) can be used to inform decisions made by school problem-solving teams. Following a brief overview of the PBIS model, specific recommendations are offered for school psychologists related to the collection and use of ODRs for intervention design, revision, and evaluation. In addition, preliminary data from a case-study implementation are reviewed, highlighting the use of a data-based decision-making model for promoting positive student behavior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 19,27, 2007. [source]

Predictors of hyperactive,impulsive,inattention and conduct problems: A comparative follow-back investigation

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 7 2005
Frank M. Gresham
Disruptive behavior patterns are particularly challenging for parents, teachers, and peers as these behaviors often interfere with classroom instruction, frequently lead to academic underachievement, and are associated with social skills acquisition and performance deficits. Children who exhibit a combination of hyperactivity,impulsivity,inattention and conduct problems (HIA + CP) have been shown to be at greater risk for negative social, behavioral, and legal outcomes than children with HIA-only or CP-only behavior patterns. This investigation explored the degree to which academic, social, and behavioral characteristics in Grade 4 could differentiate sixth-grade students with HIA + CP (n = 61), HIA-only (n = 29), and CP-only (n = 14). Results showed that the HIA-only group had higher academic achievement in Grade 4 as measured by teacher judgments and standardized tests than the HIA + CP and CP-only groups. By Grade 6, the HIA-only and HIA + CP groups showed lower academic competence than the CP-only group suggesting that by sixth grade, children having HIA alone or in combination with conduct problems are at greater risk for academic failure. Additionally, HIA + CP and CP-only groups had poorer social skills than the HIA-only group. Consistent with past research, students in the three risk groups showed no difficulties in either academic or social self-concept. Early screening and identification methods using a multiple-gating model were recommended as a means of proactive approaches to intervention design and prevention. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 721,736, 2005. [source]

Practices for prevention, diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage: impact of a regional multifaceted intervention

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
E Audureau
Objective, To evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention on practices for prevention, diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and on the prevalence of major PPH in a French perinatal network. Design, Quasi-experimental before-and-after survey. Setting, All maternity units (n = 19) of a French administrative region, operating as a perinatal network. Sample, One representative sample of all women delivering in the network, one representative sample of women with PPH deliveries and an exhaustive sample of women with major PPH. Methods, The multifaceted intervention took place between February 2003 and March 2004. Information was retrospectively collected for two periods, 2002 (before the intervention) and 2005 (after). Main outcome measures, Practices for prevention, diagnosis and management of PPH and prevalence of major PPH. Results, After the intervention, the pharmacological prevention of PPH increased from 58.8% to 75.9% of vaginal deliveries (P < 10,4), and the use of blood collecting bags from 3.9% to 76.3% (P < 10,4), but initial PPH management did not change significantly. However, the median delay for second-line pharmacological treatment was significantly shortened [from 80 min (35,130) in 2002 to 32.5 min (20,75) in 2005]. An increase was observed in the use of surgery for PPH (0.06% versus 0.12% of deliveries; P = 0.03) and in blood transfusions (0.18% versus 0.33%; P = 0.01). The prevalence of major PPH did not change (0.80% versus 0.86% of deliveries; P = 0.62). Conclusions, The intervention was effective at improving PPH-related preventive and diagnostic practices in a perinatal network. Improving management practices and reducing the prevalence of major PPH might require a different intervention design. [source]

Knowledge Translation of the American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policy on Hypertension

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007
Jill F. Lehrmann MD
Objectives To determine if dissemination of the American College of Emergency Physicians clinical policy on hypertension to emergency physicians would lead to improvements in blood pressure reassessment and referral of emergency department (ED) patients with elevated blood pressure. Methods Two academic centers implemented a pre-post intervention design, with independent samples at pre and post phases. ED staff were blinded to the investigation. A total of 377 medical records were reviewed before policy dissemination and 402 were reviewed after policy dissemination. Medical records were eligible for review if the patient was at least 18 years of age, was not pregnant, was discharged from the ED, and had a triage systolic blood pressure ,140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ,90 mm Hg. Patient records with a chief complaint of chest pain, shortness of breath, or neurologic complaints were excluded. Demographics, blood pressures, and evidence of discharge referral were abstracted from the medical record. The policy was disseminated after the initial medical record review. Post,policy dissemination medical record review was conducted within two weeks. Results A total of 779 medical records were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 45 years, 55% were male, and 46% were white, 13% Hispanic, 35% African American, and 6% other. No differences in reassessment or referral rates were found between study phases. Blood pressure reassessments were low during both phases: 33% (pre) and 37% (post). Referral rates of patients with elevated blood pressure were very low: 13% (pre) and 7% (post). Conclusions Knowledge of guidelines did not translate into changes in physician practice. Additional systems-based approaches are necessary to effectively translate guidelines into clinical practice. [source]

Designs for Instruction, Designs for Change: Distributing Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practice

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 3 2004
Bruce F. Chorpita
We comment on the target article by Weingardt (this issue), which discusses recent advances in instructional design and technology (IDT) and their implications for dissemination of evidence-based practices. These arguments are extended to the topic of psychological intervention design, and possibilities for new intervention structures are briefly explored. Finally, comments are offered on maintaining a careful balance between technological and social processes in the effort to promote the dissemination of innovative and evidence-based psychological procedures. [source]

Food Security in Protracted Crises: Building More Effective Policy Frameworks

DISASTERS, Issue 2005
Margarita Flores
This paper considers the principal elements that underpin policy frameworks for supporting food security in protracted crisis contexts. It argues that maintaining the food entitlements of crisis-affected populations must extend beyond interventions to ensure immediate human survival. A ,policy gap' exists in that capacities for formulating policy responses to tackle the different dimensions of food insecurity in complex, fluid crisis situations tend to be weak. As a result, standardised, short-term intervention designs are created that fall short of meeting the priority needs of affected populations in the short and long term and only partially exploit the range of policy options available. The paper discusses key attributes of agency frameworks that could support more effective policy processes to address longer term as well as immediate food security needs. Additionally, it points to some main challenges likely to be encountered in developing such frameworks and, with the participation of beneficiaries, translating them into effective action. [source]

Integrating Decision Making and Mental Health Interventions Research: Research Directions

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2006
Celia E. Wills
The importance of incorporating patient and provider decision-making processes is in the forefront of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) agenda for improving mental health interventions and services. Key concepts in patient decision making are highlighted within a simplified model of patient decision making that links patient-level/"micro" variables to services-level/"macro" variables via the decision-making process that is a target for interventions. The prospective agenda for incorporating decision-making concepts in mental health research includes (a) improved measures for characterizing decision-making processes that are matched to study populations, complexity, and types of decision making; (b) testing decision aids in effectiveness research for diverse populations and clinical settings; and (c) improving the understanding and incorporation of preference concepts in enhanced intervention designs. [source]