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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Does your robot need a flamethrower?

ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 3 2008
Automated astronomical instrumentation in Antarctica
Abstract The Antarctic Plateau contains sites with the potential to be the best in the world for many astronomical observations. The Plateau has strong advantages in the waveband between thermal-IR and millimetre-waves, for time-based astronomy, and for adaptive optics and interferometry. In such a harsh environment, automation of instrument functions becomes very important. At entirely remote (i.e., uncrewed) locations, automated instruments require robustness above all, especially in their self-contained logistics functions (power and communications). At crewed stations, with human intervention available, automation should concentrate on increasing functionality and decreasing workload on the winterover scientists, enhancing the scientific return on a significant investment. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

The development of the serious mental illness physical Health Improvement Profile

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2009
J. WHITE rn bsc (hons) pgcert
People with serious mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are more likely to suffer from a range of long-term physical conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Consequently they will die 10,15 years earlier than the general population. Health services have failed to address this major health inequality because of a lack of consensus about the type and frequency of monitoring people with SMI require and a lack of knowledge and skills in the mental health workforce. We developed the SMI physical Health Improvement Profile to help mental health nurses profile the physical health of the SMI patients they work with and direct them towards the evidence base interventions available to address identified health problems. [source]

Training in cognitive behavioural interventions on acute psychiatric inpatient wards

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2005
E. McCANN phd msc rmn dip psi pgdip (academic practice)
There has been a drive towards addressing the types of care and therapeutic interventions available to people with serious mental illness, which is reflected in the latest government mental health policy initiatives. Recent evidence strongly supports the implementation of psychological and social interventions for people with psychosis, and in particular the use of cognitive behavioural techniques. Until now, the main focus has been on people living in the community. This study examines the delivery of psychosocial interventions training to qualified psychiatric nurses and unqualified staff on seven acute psychiatric admission wards in London, UK. The approach had the strength of on-site delivery, follow-up role modelling of the interventions and clinical supervision. Despite this, in some cases the training was less successful, mainly because of staffing and leadership weaknesses. The impact of training in these methods and the implications for mental health education and practice development are discussed. [source]

Endoscopic laser coagulation of feeding vessels in large placental chorioangiomas: report of three cases and review of invasive treatment options

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 3 2009
Waldo Sepulveda
Abstract Objective To report three cases of large placental chorioangiomas managed with endoscopic laser coagulation of the feeding vessels, and review the literature regarding cases of chorioangioma treated with invasive techniques. Methods Intrauterine endoscopic surgery was performed using a 2.5-mm fetoscope under epidural anesthesia. Coagulation of the feeding vessels was attempted with laser energy, and the operation was completed with amniodrainage. Results The feeding vessels were successfully coagulated in one case, resulting in a term delivery. Histopathologic examination of the placenta confirmed a capillary chorioangioma with extensive necrosis. There were intraoperative complications in the other two cases, including bleeding at the site of coagulation requiring intrauterine transfusion in one, and incomplete vascular ablation in the other. In the former case the infant was born prematurely and developed chronic renal insufficiency. In the latter, the fetus died within the first week of the surgery. Conclusions There are limited interventions available for the management of large, symptomatic placental chorioangiomas. Although they can be treated with endoscopic laser coagulation of the feeding vessels, fetal bleeding, exsanguination, and death are potential complications of the procedure; therefore, this technique should be used with caution. The role of this treatment modality in the early devascularization of placental chorioangiomas prior to the development of significant complications warrants consideration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Emerging issues in smoking among adolescent and adult cancer survivors

CANCER, Issue 11 2007
A comprehensive review
Abstract The number of cancer survivors is significantly increasing, thereby prioritizing the importance of identifying and preventing adverse health outcomes within this high-risk population. Cigarette smoking is of particular salience as it places both adolescents and adults with a cancer history at risk for various health problems, including second malignancies. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the smoking literature as it relates to adolescents and adults on-treatment and surviving cancer. In particular, the article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, and health outcomes associated with smoking, in addition to the prevention and smoking cessation interventions available to adolescent and adult oncology patients. Furthermore, efficacious cessation strategies have recently emerged from the smoking literature in healthy populations, and their application to oncology populations is discussed. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source]

Why a universal population-level approach to the prevention of child abuse is essential

CHILD ABUSE REVIEW, Issue 3 2003
Matthew R. Sanders
Abstract This paper argues for the importance of adopting a population-level approach to promote more effective parenting and to reduce the risk of child maltreatment. Family-based interventions based on social learning principles have been shown to make a useful contribution in the treatment of child maltreatment. However, typically such programmes have been used to treat parents who have already become involved in the child protection system. We argue that the creation of community-wide support structures to support positive parenting is needed to reduce the prevalence of child maltreatment. Such an approach requires several criteria to be met. These include having knowledge about the prevalence rates for the targeted child outcomes sought, knowledge about the prevalence of various parenting and family risk factors, evidence that changing family risk factors reduces the prevalence of targeted problems, having culturally appropriate, cost-effective, evidence-based interventions available and making these widely accessible. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]