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International Definition (international + definition)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	71%

Selected Abstracts

The New Childhood Growth Charts

NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 2 2001
Drs. Susan B. Roberts Ph.D
New childhood growth percentiles have been published recently by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and are designed to replace the widely used 7977 National Center for Heath Statistics percentiles. International definitions for overweight and obesity in childhood, based on the body mass index, also have been published. This review discusses appropriate uses of the new percentile charts and international definitions of overweight. [source]

The Politics of Perception: Use and Abuse of Transparency International's Approach to Measuring Corruption

POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2009
Staffan Andersson
The annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), published by Transparency International (TI), has had a pivotal role in focusing attention on corruption. Despite recent critiques of the CPI, it remains highly influential on research into the causes of corruption and is also extensively used to galvanise support for measures to fight corruption. In this article we explore the CPI in more depth in order to highlight how the index has been used for political ends which may not always turn out to be supportive of anti-corruption efforts. The argument is developed in four sections: in the first, we focus on Transparency International's definition of corruption, highlighting some conceptual difficulties with the approach adopted and its relationship to the promotion of ,good governance' as the principal means of combating corruption. In the second section, we outline some methodological difficulties in the design of the Corruption Perceptions Index. Although the CPI has been much criticised, we demonstrate in the third section that the index continues to exercise great influence both in academic research and in the politics of anti-corruption efforts, particularly as exercised by Transparency International itself. In the final section we argue that the CPI contributes to the risk of creating a ,corruption trap' in countries where corruption is deeply embedded, as development aid is increasingly made conditional on the implementation of reforms which are impossible to achieve without that aid. [source]

Correcting misconceptions about the development of social work in China: a response to Hutchings and Taylor

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2008
Cunfu Jia
Hutchings and Taylor, in their article entitled ,Defining the profession? Exploring an international definition of social work in the China context'[International Journal of Social Welfare 16: 381,389], no doubt had good intentions in offering their account of the development of social work in China, as the opening and concluding sections of the article show. Within the text, however, their critique of contemporary social work in China is, in my opinion, unfair in relation to, among other things, (i) the undemocratic nature of the Chinese political system, which they say hinders the development of social work in China; (ii) the ideology of the Communist Party, the government, and traditional Chinese culture, which they say are at odds with Western social work's value system and methodology; thus concluding that (iii) it is doubtful whether social work development in China could integrate with that of the international community. In this response, I comment on (i) the information base of the authors; (ii) the disconnection between their conceptualisation and historical facts; and (iii) their use of the international definition of social work. [source]

An international definition of social work for China

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 4 2007
Joe C.B. Leung
There are differing opinions on how far the international values and internationally understood practice of social work, as epitomised by the international definition on social work, can apply universally to all countries, notably China. The lack of capacity in the Chinese social work community to develop evidence-based and adaptable practice has hindered the effective learning and systematic ,indigenisation' of overseas social work knowledge. This article argues that the international definition can serve as an active working platform where Chinese social workers and the international social work community can search for commonalities and facilitate mutual understanding. Social workers can only effectively respond to the trends towards globalisation by trying to find out more about their common identity and similarities through interactions, while at the same time showing more acceptance of the differences between countries. [source]

Nationalism, international factors and the ,Irish question' in the era of the First World War

NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 1 2005
Karen Stanbridge
The ,Irish question' encompassed negotiations leading to the partition of Ireland in 1921. The paper considers factors that contributed to the growing tendency for the major players involved in the struggle , Irish nationalists, unionists and British officials , to adopt postures that were mutually irreconcilable. Conceptualising the problem in terms of Rogers Brubaker's ,triadic nexus' model of nationalisms reveals that the rigidity was encouraged by the dynamic interaction of nationalist representations employed by the three parties in response to the postures adopted by their rivals. Further, international factors , specifically, the prevailing international definition of nation and the position taken by the authority in place to adjudicate claims of nationhood , combined with regional pressures to consolidate Irish, Ulster and British nationalisms in such forms that militated against a compromise solution. By amending Brubaker's model to include international as well as regional forces, the analysis shows how understanding of the Irish contest can be enhanced if conceived as issuing from the continuous and reflexive interaction of three distinct nationalisms with and within an international context that itself was structured with respect to questions of nation. [source]