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Internal Part (internal + part)
Selected AbstractsINFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION ON MACROPHYTOBENTHOS OF THE AVACHA BAY (SOUTHEAST KAMCHATKA, RUSSIA)JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2000N.G. Klotchkova Most industrial and agricultural enterprises of the Kamchatsky district are situated along the coast of the Avacha Bay and its river drainage. Intensive water pollution resulted in extreme deterioration of the bay's ecology. The destruction of macrophytobenthos under the influence of pollution was investigated. Materials were regularly collected at the same sampling sites in different seasons of the year from 1988 up to 1999. Analysis of our data allowed us to determine directions of long-term changes of species composition and macrophytobenthos structure, speed of degradation of different types of vegetational communities and reasons for all these processes. The Avacha Bay's flora consisted of more than 160 species up to 1970s, including species belonged to 104 genera, 47 families, 23 orders, 3 divisions (30 Chlorophyta, 48 Phaeophyta, 82 Rhodophyta). Flora of the internal part of the bay differed from that of the bay's mouth and consisted of 143 and 146 species, respectively. Presently, the whole flora of the bay (internal part+ throat) includes only 94 species. Along the urban coast 18 poly- and mesosaprobious species are found only. They are characterized by small sizes, low productivity and short life cycles. Most of them are ephemeral with a primitive morphology. The responsive reaction of algae to pollution resulted in decreases in size and weight of the thalli, and appearance of anomalies of development. Laminaria bongardiana was used as a bioindicator. The changes of weight and sizes of its plants allow us to determine degree of the pollution in different parts of the coast of the Avacha Bay. [source] Retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy for small adrenal tumours (,1 cm): the Ruijin clinical experience in 88 patientsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2010Xiao-jing Wang Study Type , Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To present our experience of retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy (RPA) for small adrenal tumours, as with modern imaging methods small adrenal lesions are being diagnosed more commonly, and retroperitoneoscopic adrenal surgery for small adrenal tumours (,1 cm) can be challenging. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 389 consecutive retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies from September 2005 to December 2008, 88 of which were small adrenal tumours and treated by RPA. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were used in all patients before RPA, and magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography/CT in some patients. We used RPA for adrenal tumours and total adrenalectomy for adrenal cancer. During the surgery, the internal part of the adrenal gland close to the retroperitoneum was freed first, and the whole adrenal tissue was dissected completely. The preoperative imaging was important in these procedures. RESULTS There were no deaths; conversions to open surgery were necessary in four patients (4.5%), the reasons being a missing target in two, massive haemorrhage caused by central adrenal vein injury in one, and severe adhesion in one. The mean (range) size of the adrenal tumours was 0.7 (0.5,1.0) cm, including 69 aldosterone-producing adenomas, 11 nonfunctional adrenal adenomas, three Cushing syndrome, two phaeochromocytomas, two myelolipomas and one melanoma. The operative duration in the initial 38 cases was significantly longer than that in the subsequent 50 (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between estimated blood loss and the number of procedures. Tumour size did not correlate with estimated blood loss and operative duration. There was no significant correlation between body mass index and operative duration. CONCLUSION RPA is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option for patients with small adrenal tumours. With improved operative technique the RPA has been completed in more quickly. Freeing the internal part of the adrenal gland close to the retroperitoneum first, and exploring the whole adrenal tissue during surgery are the key points of RPA. The location of the small adrenal tumour can be different from that shown on imaging before surgery, and the abnormality of the adrenal gland should be considered. [source] EARLY ACTIVATION OF INTERNAL MEDIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN THE RABBIT AORTA AFTER MECHANICAL INJURY: RELATIONSHIP WITH INTIMAL THICKENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1-2 2006Huguette Louis SUMMARY 1Smooth muscle cells (SMC) participate in both inflammatory and dedifferentiation processes during atherosclerosis, as well as during mechanical injury following angioplasty. In the latter, we studied medial SMC differentiation and inflammation processes implicated early after de-endothelialization in relation to mechanical stresses. We hypothesized that activation of a subpopulation of SMC within the media plays a crucial role in the early phase of neointimal formation. 2For this purpose, we used a rabbit model of balloon injury to study activation and differentiation of medial SMC in the early time after denudation and just before neointima thickening. Inflammation was evaluated by the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, integrin a4b1 and nuclear factor (NF)-kB. Myosin isoforms and 2P1A2 antigen, a membrane protein expressed by rabbit dedifferentiated SMC, were used as markers of differentiation. 3On day 2 after de-endothelialization, VCAM-1, a4b1 and NF-kB were coexpressed by a well-defined subpopulation of SMC of the internal part of the media, in the vicinity of the blood stream. At the same time, the majority of SMC throughout the media expressed non-muscle myosin heavy chain-B (nm-MHC-B) and 2P1A2 antigen. On day 7, when intimal thickening appeared, SMC of the media were no longer activated, whereas some intimal SMC expressed the activation markers. Thus, after de-endothelialization, early dedifferentiation occurs in most of the medial SMC, whereas activation concerned only a subpopulation of SMC located in the internal media. Using the T-type voltage-operated calcium channel blocker mibefradil (0.1,1 mmol/L) in SMC culture, we showed that this agent exhibited an antiproliferative effect in a dose-dependant manner only on undifferentiated cells. 4In conclusion, the results suggest that the activated SMC represent cells that are potentially able to migrate and participate in the intimal thickening process. Thus, the medial SMC inflammatory process, without any contribution of inflammatory cells, may represent a major mechanism underlying the development of intimal thickening following mechanical stress. In humans, inhibition of T-type calcium channels may be a tool to prevent the early proliferation step leading to neointimal formation. [source] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked cheeseJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 8 2008Marie Suchanová Abstract BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a group of organic compounds containing two or more aromatic rings. Their control in the human food chain is required due to the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential, exhibited in vertebrates. In the present study, the occurrence of PAHs in 36 cheeses smoked by various processes was investigated. RESULTS: PAH concentrations (sum of 15 US EPA PAHs) found in samples smoked under controlled industrial conditions were at level 0.11 µg kg,1, whereas in ,home-made' cheeses, the PAH content was up to 10 times higher. A similar trend was observed for B[a]P, a marker compound representing carcinogenic PAHs. While its levels in commercial products prepared by controlled smoking technologies were close to the limit of quantification (0.03 µg kg,1); in household samples, the B[a]P content ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 µg kg,1. Significantly higher amounts of PAHs (up to three to six times) were found in surface layers as compared to internal parts of cheese. CONCLUSION: Although smoked cheese is a popular food, only several papers have focused on PAH levels in these products. This paper evaluates the contribution of different smoking technologies to PAH contamination of several cheeses and thus can help in a risk assessment associated with their consumption. Moreover, the study shows the concentration ratios of selected PAHs, from which the type of smoking technology can be indicated. The results obtained in this study also supported the suggestion of the EU Scientific Committee on Food to use benzo[a]pyrene as an indicator of the occurrence of higher-molecular mass PAHs. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||