Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Interaction P (interaction + p)
Selected AbstractsRelationship of serum cholesterol levels to atopy in the US populationALLERGY, Issue 7 2010M. B. Fessler To cite this article: Fessler MB, Jaramillo R, Crockett PW, Zeldin DC. Relationship of serum cholesterol levels to atopy in the US population. Allergy 2010; 65: 859,864. Abstract Background:, Cholesterol promotes Th2 immunity and allergic inflammation in rodents; whether this occurs in humans is unclear. Reports of both direct and inverse associations between serum cholesterol and atopy in different populations suggest that race and/or other demographic variables may modify these relationships. Aims of the study:, To determine the relationships between levels of three serum cholesterol measures [total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C] and atopy in a sample representative of the US population. Methods:, Cross-sectional study of 6854 participants aged ,6 years from the 2005,2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results:, In the overall population, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) per two-standard deviation increase in TC and non-HDL-C for biochemical atopy (defined as ,1 allergen-specific IgE to 19 allergens) were 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00,1.38] and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.03,1.39), respectively. Interactions by race were noted for the two relationships (interaction P = 0.004 and P = 0.009, respectively) with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) having direct relationships [TC: AOR 1.27 (95% CI, 1.03,1.57); non-HDL-C: AOR 1.27 (95% CI, 1.03,1.56)] and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) inverse relationships [TC: AOR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62,0.95); non-HDL-C: AOR 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69,1.08)]. The adjusted HDL-C,atopy relationship was nonsignificant for NHWs and inverse for NHBs [AOR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61,0.96)]. Relationships were independent of body mass index and serum C-reactive protein and unmodified by corticosteroid or statin usage. Results were similar using current hay fever/allergy as the atopy outcome. Conclusions:, There are marked inter-racial differences in the relationship between serum cholesterol and atopy in the US population. [source] Testosterone, physical activity, and somatic outcomes among Filipino malesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Lee T. Gettler Abstract Testosterone (T) facilitates male investment in reproduction in part through its anabolic effects on skeletal muscle. Traits like muscle and strength are energetically costly but are believed to enhance competitive ability in humans and other mammals. However, there are limited data on relationships between T and somatic outcomes in lean, non-western populations. We evaluate relationships between waking and pre-bed salivary T and adiposity, fat-free mass (FFM), arm muscle area (AMA), and grip strength (GS) in a large, population-based birth cohort of young adult Filipino males (20.8,22.6 years, n = 872). Data were collected as part of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Neither waking nor evening T predicted FFM, AMA, or GS. However, there were borderline or significant interactions between T and basketball playing (the most common team sport) and weight lifting as predictors of outcomes: higher waking T predicted higher FFM (activity × T interaction P < 0.01), AMA (interaction P < 0.1), and GS (interaction P < 0.02) among frequent basketball players, and GS (interaction P < 0.09) among the smaller sample of weight lifters. In contrast to clinical studies, but consistent with findings in several subsistence-level populations, T was positively related to adiposity in these lean young males, suggesting that energy status might regulate circulating T. Our findings support a role of the prewaking rise in T as a determinant of energetic allocation to lean mass and strength in the context of repeated muscular use and support the hypothesized role of T as a mediator of investment in costly somatic traits in human males. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:590,599, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Candidate Molecular Pathway Genes Related to Appetite Regulatory Neural Network, Adipocyte Homeostasis and Obesity: Results from the CARDIA StudyANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 5 2010Yechiel Friedlander Summary Appetite regulatory neural network and adipocyte homeostasis molecular pathways are critical to long-term weight maintenance. Associations between obesity-related phenotypes and four genes in these pathways , leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) and peptide YY (PYY) were examined in CARDIA Study participants (aged 18,30 at recruitment in 1985,6). Weight, BMI and waist circumference were measured at baseline and at years 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20. Genotyping was conducted using tag SNPs characterising common genetic variations in these genes. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models estimated associations between SNPs and repeated anthropometric measurements, controlling for sex and age. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple testing. In African-Americans, SNPs across the LEP gene demonstrated significant overall associations with all obesity-related phenotypes. The associations between LEP rs17151919 with weight tended to strengthen with time , the difference in weight associated with each additional minor allele increased from 2.6 kg at baseline to 4.8 kg at year 20 (SNP*time interaction p = 0.0193). NPY2R gene SNPs were associated with waist circumference among African-American men (p = 0.0462). In Caucasians, LEP SNPs also tended to be associated with weight (p = 0.0471), and PYY rs11684664 was associated with obesity-related phenotypes in women only (p = 0.010,0.026). Several LEP, and NPY2R and PYY SNPs were associated with obesity-related phenotypes in young adults, particularly among African-Americans. [source] Interaction between smoking and the stromelysin-1 (MMP3) gene 5A/6A promoter polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease in healthy menANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 5-6 2002S. E. HUMPHRIES Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but this risk may be modified by an individual's genotype. A common functional 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter of the stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase 3, MMP3) gene has been identified. The 6A allele has been consistently associated with faster progression of angiographically determined CHD, while the 5A allele has recently been associated with risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with unstable angina. To date there has been no prospective study of the relationship of this genotype to CHD risk in smokers and non-smokers. DNA was available from 2743 middle-aged men, free of CHD at baseline, recruited through nine general practices in the UK for prospective surveillance. To date there have been almost 24000 person-years of follow-up with 125 CHD events (fatal and non-fatal MI, sudden coronary death, need for coronary artery surgery or new major ECG Q-wave abnormality). Men with events were each matched for age, practice and cholesterol level with three healthy men. Smoking habit was determined by questionnaire. 5A/6A genotype was determined using a heteroduplex generator method. Associations between genotype and disease outcome, according to smoking status, were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Overall, current smoking was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.99 (95% CI 1.30,3.06) as compared with never-smokers and ex-smokers combined (p<0.002). In non-smoking men, and after adjustment for conventional risk factors, compared with the 5A5A group, the RR was 1.37 (0.64,2.94) in those with the genotype 5A6A and 3.02 (1.38,6.61) in those with the genotype 6A6A. Smoking increased risk 1.4 fold in the 5A6A group to 1.91 (1.84,4.36), by 1.3 fold in the 6A6A group to 4.01 (1.57,10.24), but by 3.81 fold (1.54,9.40) in the 5A5A group (smoking,genotype interaction p = 0.01). The data indicate a key role for stromelysin in the atherosclerotic process. Men with the stromelysin genotype 5A5A represent 29% of the general population, and their high risk, if smokers, provides a further strong argument for smoking avoidance. [source] Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-risk Drinking, and Alcohol-related Consequences among College StudentsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 5 2008Mary Claire O'Brien MD Abstract Objectives:, The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) is popular on college campuses in the United States. Limited research suggests that energy drink consumption lessens subjective intoxication in persons who also have consumed alcohol. This study examines the relationship between energy drink use, high-risk drinking behavior, and alcohol-related consequences. Methods:, In Fall 2006, a Web-based survey was conducted in a stratified random sample of 4,271 college students from 10 universities in North Carolina. Results:, A total of 697 students (24% of past 30-day drinkers) reported consuming AmED in the past 30 days. Students who were male, white, intramural athletes, fraternity or sorority members or pledges, and younger were significantly more likely to consume AmED. In multivariable analyses, consumption of AmED was associated with increased heavy episodic drinking (6.4 days vs. 3.4 days on average; p < 0.001) and twice as many episodes of weekly drunkenness (1.4 days/week vs. 0.73 days/week; p < 0.001). Students who reported consuming AmED had significantly higher prevalence of alcohol-related consequences, including being taken advantage of sexually, taking advantage of another sexually, riding with an intoxicated driver, being physically hurt or injured, and requiring medical treatment (p < 0.05). The effect of consuming AmED on driving while intoxicated depended on a student's reported typical alcohol consumption (interaction p = 0.027). Conclusions:, Almost one-quarter of college student current drinkers reported mixing alcohol with energy drinks. These students are at increased risk for alcohol-related consequences, even after adjusting for the amount of alcohol consumed. Further research is necessary to understand this association and to develop targeted interventions to reduce risk. [source] | |||||||||||||