Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Interaction Leads (interaction + lead)
Selected AbstractsInfluence of dynamic soil,structure interaction on the nonlinear response and seismic reliability of multistorey systemsEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 3 2007Armando Bárcena Abstract A set of reinforced concrete structures with gravitational loads and mechanical properties (strength and stiffness) representative of systems designed for earthquake resistance in accordance with current criteria and methods is selected to study the influence of dynamic soil,structure interaction on seismic response, ductility demands and reliability levels. The buildings are considered located at soft soil sites in the Valley of Mexico and subjected to ground motion time histories simulated in accordance with characteristic parameters of the maximum probable earthquake likely to occur during the system's expected life. For the near-resonance condition the effects of soil,structure interaction on the ductility demands depend mainly on radiation damping. According to the geometry of the structures studied this damping is strongly correlated with the aspect ratio, obtained by dividing the building height by its width. In this way, for structures with aspect ratio greater than 1.4 the storey and global ductility demands increase with respect to those obtained with the same structures but on rigid base, while for structures with aspect ratio less than 1.4 the ductility demands decrease with respect to those for the structures on rigid base. For the cases when the fundamental period of the structure has values very different from the dominant ground period, soil,structure interaction leads in all cases to a reduction of the ductility demands, independently of the aspect ratio. The reliability index , is obtained as a function of the base shear ratio and of the seismic intensity acting on the nonlinear systems subjected to the simulated motions. The resulting reliability functions are very similar for systems on rigid or on flexible foundation, provided that in the latter case the base rotation and the lateral displacement are removed from the total response of the system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The illusion of group productivity: a reduction of failures explanationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Bernard A. Nijstad It has consistently been found that people produce more ideas when working alone as compared to when working in a group. Yet, people generally believe that group brainstorming is more effective than individual brainstorming. Further, group members are more satisfied with their performance than individuals, whereas they have generated fewer ideas. We argue that this ,illusion of group productivity' is partly due to a reduction of cognitive failures (instances in which someone is unable to generate ideas) in a group setting. Three studies support that explanation, showing that: (1) group interaction leads to a reduction of experienced failures and that failures mediate the effect of setting on satisfaction; and (2) manipulations that affect failures also affect satisfaction ratings. Implications for group work are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Stability of Hoogsteen -Type Triplexes , Electrostatic Attraction between Duplex Backbone and Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotide (TFO) Using an Intercalating ConjugateHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 5 2008Daniel Globisch Abstract Syntheses are described for two novel twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA) monomers where the intercalator comprises a benzene ring linked to a naphthalimide moiety via an ethynediyl bridge. The intercalators Y and Z have a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl and a methyl residue on the naphthalimide moiety, respectively. When used as triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), the novel naphthalimide TINAs show extraordinary high thermal stability in Hoogsteen -type triplexes and duplexes with high discrimination of mismatch strands. DNA Strands containing the intercalator Y show higher thermal triplex stability than DNA strands containing the intercalator Z. This observation can be explained by the ionic interaction of the protonated dimethylamino group under physiological conditions, targeting the negatively charged phosphate backbone of the duplex. This interaction leads to an extra binding mode between the TFO and the duplex, in agreement with molecular-modeling studies. We believe that this is the first example of an intercalator linking the TFO to the phosphate backbone of the duplex by an ionic interaction, which is a promising tool to achieve a higher triplex stability. [source] Dissection of a functional interaction between the DNA translocase, FtsK, and the XerD recombinaseMOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006James Yates Summary Successful bacterial circular chromosome segregation requires that any dimeric chromosomes, which arise by crossing over during homologous recombination, are converted to monomers. Resolution of dimers to monomers requires the action of the XerCD site-specific recombinase at dif in the chromosome replication terminus region. This reaction requires the DNA translocase, FtsKC, which activates dimer resolution by catalysing an ATP hydrolysis-dependent switch in the catalytic state of the nucleoprotein recombination complex. We show that a 62-amino-acid fragment of FtsKC interacts directly with the XerD C-terminus in order to stimulate the cleavage by XerD of BSN, a dif-DNA suicide substrate containing a nick in the ,bottom' strand. The resulting recombinase,DNA covalent complex can undergo strand exchange with intact duplex dif in the absence of ATP. FtsKC -mediated stimulation of BSN cleavage by XerD requires synaptic complex formation. Mutational impairment of the XerD,FtsKC interaction leads to reduction in the in vitro stimulation of BSN cleavage by XerD and a concomitant deficiency in the resolution of chromosomal dimers at dif in vivo, although other XerD functions are not affected. [source] The new three-dimensional supramolecule bis{,-2-[(4-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazonomethyl]phenolato}bis[aquacopper(II)] dinitrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 10 2008Hua Yin In the title centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cu2(C14H11N2O3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2, the two metal centres are bridged by the phenolate O atoms of the ligand, forming a Cu2O2 quadrangle. Each Cu atom has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, with the basal donor atoms coming from the O,N,O,-tridentate ligand and a symmetry-related phenolate O atom. The more weakly bound apical donor O atom is supplied by a coordinated water molecule. When a further weak Cu...O interaction with the 4-hydroxy O atom of a neighbouring cation is considered, the extended coordination sphere of the Cu atom can be described as distorted octahedral. This interaction leads to two-dimensional layers, which extend parallel to the (100) direction. The two-dimensional polymeric structure contrasts with other reported structures involving salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone ligands, which are usually discrete mono- or dinuclear Cu complexes. The nitrate anions are involved in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network, featuring intermolecular N,H...O and O,H...O hydrogen bonds. [source] Meso-Cenozoic Mineralization Pattern in the Continent of ChinaACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 3 2000CHEN Yuchuan Abstract, Based on the complex structure and material resources, the complex geological setting of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic continent of China controlled four kinds of dynamic mechanisms of the continental tectonic-mineralization pattern, i.e. the dynamic mechanisms related to (1) underthrusting or collision, (2) activation of old tectonic belts or activity of new tectonic belts, (3) upwelling of mantle material and heat, and (4) interaction between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. The four dynamic factors are related to and interact with each other; and the mantle-crust interaction leads to the regular time-space zonation of endogenetic deposits on a regional scale. The Meso-Cenozoic mineralization pattern in China can be outlined as the network tectono-metallogenic pattern constructed by NNE- and E-W-trending tectonics in eastern China, and multi-layer ring tectono-metallogenic pattern in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its northern and eastern neighbouring areas. [source] Attenuation of acute and chronic effects of morphine by the imidazoline receptor ligand 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline in rat locus coeruleus neuronsBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Eduardo Ruiz-Durántez The aim of this study was to determine if 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) interacts with the opioid system in the rat locus coeruleus, using single-unit extracellular recordings. In morphine-dependent rats, acute administration of the selective imidazoline receptor ligands 2-BFI (10 and 40 mg kg,1, i.p. and 100 ,g, i.c.v.) or valldemossine (10 mg kg,1, i.p.) did not modify the naloxone-induced hyperactivity of locus coeruleus neurons compared with that observed in the morphine-dependent control group. After chronic administration of 2-BFI (10 mg kg,1, i.p., three times daily, for 5 days) and morphine, naloxone-induced hyperactivity and tolerance to morphine were attenuated. This effect was not observed when a lower dose of 2-BFI (1 mg kg,1, i.p.) or valldemossine (10 mg kg,1, i.p.) were used. Acute administration of 2-BFI (10 and 40 mg kg,1, i.p. and 100 ,g, i.c.v.) but not valldemossine (40 mg kg,1, i.p.) diminished the potency of morphine to inhibit locus coeruleus neuron activity in vivo (ED50 values increased by 2.3, 2.9; and 3.1 fold respectively). Similarly, the potency of Met5 -enkephalin to inhibit locus coeruleus neurons was decreased when 2-BFI (100 ,M) was applied to rat brain slices (EC50 increased by 5.6; P<0.05). The present data demonstrate that there is an interaction between 2-BFI and the opioid system in the locus coeruleus. This interaction leads to an attenuation of both the hyperactivity of locus coeruleus neurons during opiate withdrawal and the development of tolerance to morphine when 2-BFI is chronically administered. These results suggest that imidazoline drugs may prove to be useful agents for the management of opioid dependence and tolerance. British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 494,500. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705052 [source] Transcriptional activity of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 depends on multiple protein,protein interactionsFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 24 2002Hongmei Yang Virus infection results in the activation of a set of cellular genes involved in host antiviral defense. IRF-3 has been identified as a critical transcription factor in this process. The activation mechanism of IRF-3 is not fully elucidated, yet it involves a conformational change triggered by the virus-dependent phosphorylation of its C-terminus. This conformational change leads to nuclear accumulation, DNA binding and transcriptional transactivation. Here we show that two distinct sets of Ser/Thr residues of IRF-3, on phosphorylation, synergize functionally to achieve maximal activation. Remarkably, we find that activated IRF-3 lacks transcriptional activity, but activates transcription entirely through the recruitment of the p300/CBP coactivators. Moreover, we show that two separate domains of IRF-3 interact with several distinct regions of p300/CBP. Interference with any of these interactions leads to a complete loss of transcriptional activity, suggesting that a bivalent interaction is essential for coactivator recruitment by IRF-3. [source] Methyl TROSY: explanation and experimental verificationMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2003Jason E. Ollerenshaw Abstract In TROSY experiments, relaxation interference effects are exploited to produce spectra with improved resolution and signal-to-noise. Such experiments cannot be explained using the standard product operator formalism, but must instead be analyzed at the level of individual density matrix elements. Herein we illustrate this point using an example from our recent work on a TROSY 1H,13C correlation experiment for methyl groups in large proteins. Methyl groups are useful spectroscopic probes of protein structure and dynamics because they are found throughout the critical core region of a folded protein and their resonances are intense and well dispersed. Additionally, it is relatively easy to produce highly deuterated protein samples that are 1H,13C labeled at selected methyl positions, facilitating studies of high molecular weight systems. Methyl groups are relaxed by a network of 1H,1H and 1H,13C dipolar interactions, and in the macromolecular limit the destructive interference of these interactions leads to unusually slow relaxation for certain density matrix elements. It is this slow relaxation that forms the basis for TROSY experiments. We present a detailed analysis of evolution and relaxation during HSQC and HMQC pulse schemes for the case of a 13C1H3 spin system attached to a macromolecule. We show that the HMQC sequence is already optimal with respect to the TROSY effect, offering a significant sensitivity enhancement over HSQC at any spectrometer field strength. The gain in sensitivity is established experimentally using samples of two large proteins, malate synthase G (81.4 kDa) and ClpP protease (305 kDa), both highly deuterated and selectively 1H,13C-labeled at isoleucine , methyl positions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||