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Intestinal Disorders (intestinal + disorders)
Selected AbstractsInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in equine colic: an immunohistochemical study of horses with obstructive disorders of the small and large intestinesEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004C. FINTL Summary Reasons for performing study: The gastrointestinal pacemaker cells, the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), have been implicated in several human gastrointestinal dysmotility syndromes. Recently, the involvement of these cells in equine gastrointestinal diseases has been investigated in cases of equine grass sickness where a significant reduction in ICC density was observed. Objective: To investigate ICC density in equine obstructive gastrointestinal disorders using immunohistochemical labelling methods. Methods: Intestinal samples were analysed from 44 horses undergoing exploratory surgery for colic and from 11 control animals subjected to euthanasia for conditions not related to the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemical labelling of ICC was carried out using an anti-c-Kit antibody. Two independent observers assessed ICC density using a semiquantitative grading system. Results: There was a significant reduction in ICC density in horses with large colon disorders compared to the controls (P<0.01). Horses with strangulating lesions of the small intestine showed no difference when compared to the controls. Conclusions: There was a reduction in ICC density in horses with large intestinal disorders. Potential relevance: The reduction in ICC density may be associated with the clinical findings as well as recurrent colic episodes observed in a number of these cases. This immunohistochemical study provides a basis for future functional electrophysiological investigations to determine the precise effect of ICC reduction on equine intestinal motility. [source] Mechanisms and modulation of intestinal epithelial repairINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 1 2001Dr. Axel U. Dignass Abstract The mucosal epithelium of the alimentary tract represents a crucial barrier to a broad spectrum of noxious and immunogenic substances within the intestinal lumen. An impairment of the integrity of the mucosal epithelial barrier is observed in the course of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), celiac disease, intestinal infections, and various other diseases. Furthermore, even under physiologic conditions temporary damage of the epithelial surface mucosa may be caused by proteases, residential flora, dietary compounds, or other factors. Generally, the integrity of the intestinal mucosal surface barrier is rapidly reestablished even after extensive destruction because of an enormous regenerative capability of the mucosal surface epithelium. Rapid resealing of the surface epithelium is accomplished by epithelial cell migration, also termed epithelial restitution, epithelial cell proliferation, and differentiation. Healing of the intestinal surface epithelium is regulated by a complex network of highly divergent factors, among them a broad spectrum of structurally distinct regulatory peptides that have been identified within the mucosa of the intestinal tract. These regulatory peptides, conventionally designated as growth factors and cytokines, play an essential role in regulating differential epithelial cell functions to preserve normal homeostasis and integrity of the intestinal mucosa. In addition, a number of other peptide molecules such as extracellular matrix factors and blood clotting factors, and also nonpeptide molecules including phospholipids, short-chain fatty acids, adenine nucleotides, trace elements, and pharmacological agents, have been demonstrated to modulate intestinal epithelial repair mechanisms. Some of these molecules may be released by platelets, adjacent stromal cells, inflammatory cells, or injured epithelial and nonepithelial cells and may play an important role in the modulation of intestinal injury. Repeated damage and injury of the intestinal surface are key features of various intestinal disorders including IBD and require constant repair of the epithelium. Enhancement of intestinal repair mechanisms by regulatory peptides or other modulatory factors may provide future approaches for the treatment of diseases that are characterized by injuries of the epithelial surface. [source] The essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius selectively blocks histamine-augmented neuronal excitability in guinea-pig celiac ganglionJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 8 2010José Henrique Leal-Cardoso Abstract Objectives,Croton nepetaefolius is a medicinal plant useful against intestinal disorders. In this study, we elucidate the effects of its essential oil (EOCN) on sympathetic neurons, with emphasis on the interaction of EOCN- and histamine-induced effects. Methods, The effects of EOCN and histamine were studied in guinea-pig celiac ganglion in vitro. Key findings, Histamine significantly altered the resting potential (Em) and the input resistance (Ri) of phasic neurons (from ,56.6 ± 1.78 mV and 88.6 ± 11.43 M,, to ,52.9 ± 1.96 mV and 108.6 ± 11.00 M,, respectively). Em, Ri and the histamine-induced alterations of these parameters were not affected by 200 µg/ml EOCN. The number of action potentials produced by a 1-s (two-times threshold) depolarising current and the current threshold (Ith) for eliciting action potentials (rheobase) were evaluated. Number of action potentials and Ith were altered by histamine (from 2.6 ± 0.43 action potentials and 105.4 ± 11.15 pA to 6.2 ± 1.16 action potentials and 67.3 ± 8.21 pA, respectively). EOCN alone did not affect number of action potentials and Ith but it fully blocked the histamine-induced modifications of number of action potentials and Ith. All the effects produced by histamine were abolished by pyrilamine. Conclusions, EOCN selectively blocked histamine-induced modulation of active membrane properties. [source] Comparison of the prevalence of fructose and lactose malabsorption across chronic intestinal disordersALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2009J. S. BARRETT Summary Background, Fructose malabsorption, lactose malabsorption and an early rise in breath hydrogen after lactulose (ERBHAL) may play roles in induction of symptoms in gastrointestinal conditions. Aim, To compare prevalence and interactions of fructose malabsorption, lactose malabsorption and ERBHAL among healthy subjects and those with chronic intestinal disorders using consistent breath hydrogen testing methodologies. Methods, Consecutive series of Caucasian patients with Crohn's disease (n = 91), ulcerative colitis (56), functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) (201), coeliac disease (136) and 71 healthy volunteers underwent breath hydrogen testing using lactulose, fructose and lactose. Results, Early rise in breath hydrogen after lactulose occurred more commonly in healthy controls (39%) than in Crohn's disease (20%) and untreated coeliac disease (14%; P < 0.008), but not FGID (27%), ulcerative colitis (26%) or treated coeliac disease (29%). Fructose malabsorption was more frequent in Crohn's disease (61%) than other groups (33,44%, P < 0.05). Lactose malabsorption was most common in Crohn's disease (42%) and ulcerative colitis (40%) and uncommon (10%) in 79 patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease. In Crohn's disease, concurrent Fructose malabsorption and lactose malabsorption was most common (29%), and the association of fructose malabsorption with ERBHAL seen overall (62%) was not observed (36%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions, Carbohydrate malabsorption and ERBHAL are normal physiological phenomena. The abnormal patterns observed in Crohn's disease may have pathogenic importance. [source] | ||||||||||