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Instructions
Kinds of Instructions Selected AbstractsHinweise für Autoren/Instructions for AuthorsJOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT, Issue 6 2005Article first published online: 12 MAY 200 First page of article [source] PREFERENCE FOR ONE OF TWO IDENTICAL STIMULI: EXPECTATIONS, EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS AND PERSONAL TRAITSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 2010KATHRYN W. CHAPMAN ABSTRACT Most consumers, given two identical food samples, express a preference for one, rather than choosing a no-preference option. The stability and potential causes of this seemingly irrational preference were examined across three trials under different conditions, specifically, when the first test pair was identical or different, and when participants were explicitly told that the pairs would often be identical. Choice of no preference typically increased from the first to second trial, especially for groups who saw a pair of different samples on the first trial. The explicit instruction that samples might be the same failed to reduce expressing a preference on the initial trial although it had some effect on later trials. Analysis, by individuals, of sequences of preference or no-preference responses across trials support independence of sequential responses and argue against stable personal traits as a predictor of preference choice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS More research needs to be done to understand the origins and operation of biases in preference tests. When tested under conditions in which the samples differ only slightly, participants tend to avoid the no-preference option. This is potentially important when interpreting the results of preference tests and assigning practical significance to their outcomes. Also, single trial testing may produce somewhat different results from multi-trial testing, the latter allowing for examination of effects of variation in recent experience. [source] SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT TESTS, RESPONSE INSTRUCTIONS, AND VALIDITY: A META-ANALYSISPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007MICHAEL A. McDANIEL Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are personnel selection instruments that present job applicants with work-related situations and possible responses to the situations. There are typically 2 types of instructions: behavioral tendency and knowledge. Behavioral tendency instructions ask respondents to identify how they would likely behave in a given situation. Knowledge instructions ask respondents to evaluate the effectiveness of possible responses to a given situation. Results showed that response instructions influenced the constructs measured by the tests. Tests with knowledge instructions had higher correlations with cognitive ability. Tests with behavioral tendency instructions showed higher correlations with personality constructs. Results also showed that response instructions had little moderating effect on criterion-related validity. Supplemental analyses showed that the moderating effect of response instructions on construct validity was not due to systematic differences in item content. SJTs have incremental validity over cognitive ability, the Big 5, and over a composite of cognitive ability and the Big 5. [source] INTEGRATING ERRORS INTO THE TRAINING PROCESS: THE FUNCTION OF ERROR MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS AND THE ROLE OF GOAL ORIENTATIONPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2003DOERTE HEIMBECK Error management training explicitly allows participants to make errors. We examined the effects of error management instructions ("rules of thumb" designed to reduce the negative emotional effects of errors), goal orientation (learning goal, prove goal, and avoidance goal orientations) and attribute x treatment interactions on performance. A randomized experiment with 87 participants consisting of 3 training procedures for learning to work with a computer program was conducted: (a) error training with error management instructions, (b) error training without error management instructions; and (c) a group that was prevented from making errors. Results showed that short-and medium-term performance (near and far transfer) was superior for participants of the error training that included error management instructions, compared with the two other training conditions. Thus, error management instructions were crucial for the high performance effects of error training. Prove and avoidance goal orientation interacted with training conditions. [source] Where to Find AEM Instructions for AuthorsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Article first published online: 28 JUN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Instructions to Authors (January 2000)FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Article first published online: 25 DEC 200 First page of article [source] Natural Medicine Instructions for PatientsFOCUS ON ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH, Issue 4 2002E Ernst [source] Functional Ecology: Instructions for AuthorsFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Article first published online: 15 MAR 200 Online submission and review of manuscripts is now required. Please follow the instructions for authors given below. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with these instructions, please access the following web site: http://britishecologicalsociety.manuscriptcentral.com/. You must select Functional Ecology when you log on to the online submission site. [source] Functional Ecology: Instructions for AuthorsFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Article first published online: 28 FEB 200 NEW: Online submission and review of manuscripts is now available. Please follow the instructions for authors given below. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with these instructions, please access the following web site: http://britishecologicalsociety.manuscriptcentral.com/. You must select Functional Ecology when you log on to the online submission site. [source] Functional Ecology: Instructions for AuthorsFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Article first published online: 19 SEP 200 First page of article [source] Instructions for contributors to the journals of the British Ecological SocietyFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Article first published online: 25 DEC 200 First page of article [source] Instructions for Authors: HCA (2010)HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 1 2010Article first published online: 20 JAN 2010 First page of article [source] Ergonomic weighted scores to evaluate critical instructions for improvements in a printed circuit assembly factoryHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 1 2003Rabindra Nath Sen A survey was conducted on the efficacy of the Printed Circuit Assembly operations using newly designed Ergonomic Weighted Scores (EWSs) to evaluate Critical Instructions (CIs) to operators. This helped to choose priorities of problematic operations. Five EWSs were drafted, tried, and finalized by a team of experts, for the purpose of checking the adherence to CIs, failing any of which could cause adverse effects on the quality of products. The top three priority operations were identified and the follow-up studies resulted in an increase in monthly revenue of US$227,880 and improvements in quality, productivity, occupational health and safety of the operators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 41,58, 2003. [source] Verbal and Nonverbal Impression Management Tactics in Behavior Description and Situational InterviewsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, Issue 3 2006Helga Peeters This study investigated how structured interview formats, instructions to convey favorable impressions, and applicants' individual differences influenced the use and effectiveness of verbal and nonverbal impression management (IM). Results from 190 people who were screened for a training program demonstrated that interview format affected the kind of tactics used, which in turn positively influenced interviewer evaluations. Behavior description interviews triggered self-focused (and defensive) tactics, whereas situational interviews triggered other-focused tactics. Instructions to convey a desirable impression also enhanced the use of specific tactics (self-focused and other-focused verbal IM tactics) and moderated the effects of individual differences on IM use. IM instructions did not affect nonverbal IM tactics, indicating that nonverbal behavior might be less intentionally controllable in selection situations. [source] Adaptations of an Emergence Trap for Use in Tropical StreamsINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Hendrik Freitag Abstract An emergence trap based on the MPI Schlitz model was designed for use in the tropics and it was tested over one year in Palawan, the Philippines. Instructions for construction and use are given here. Only commonly available materials were used, except for the collection assembly made of UV-light permeable acrylic glass. Heavy and bulky assemblies were avoided to enable easy transportation in the field. A special modification allows a fast and easy replacement of the screen when damaged by flooding, as is often required when traps are used downstream of headwaters. This type of trap also allows sampling of a wide littoral strip. Problems concerning the use of emergence traps in the humid tropics are discussed based on experience at different longitudinal stream sections in Palawan. The results presented here suggest that this trap should be used especially for qualitative or semi-quantitative approaches. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Automatic inference of protein quaternary structure from crystalsJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2003Hannes Ponstingl The arrangement of the subunits in an oligomeric protein often cannot be inferred without ambiguity from crystallographic studies. The annotation of the functional assembly of protein structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is incomplete and frequently inconsistent. Instructions for the reconstruction, by symmetry, of the functional assembly from the deposited coordinates are often absent. An automatic procedure is proposed for the inference of assembly structures that are likely to be physiologically relevant. The method scores crystal contacts by their contact size and chemical complementarity. The subunit assembly is then inferred from these scored contacts by a clustering procedure involving a single adjustable parameter. When predicting the oligomeric state for a non-redundant set of 55 monomeric and 163 oligomeric proteins from dimers up to hexamers, a classification error rate of 16% was observed. [source] Journal of Applied Ecology: Instructions for AuthorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Article first published online: 6 FEB 200 NEW: Online submission and review of manuscripts is now available. Please follow the instructions for authors given below. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with these instructions, please access the following web site: http://britishecologicalsociety.manuscriptcentral.com/. You must select the Journal of Applied Ecology when you log on to the online submission site. [source] Journal of Applied Ecology: Instructions for AuthorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Article first published online: 21 DEC 200 First page of article [source] Alibi Believability: The Effect of Prior Convictions and Judicial InstructionsJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Meredith Allison Undergraduates (N = 339) listened to a simulated police interview with a defendant concerning his alibi. We studied the impact of (a) the strength of the alibi evidence; (b) defendant's prior convictions; (c) judge's instructions on prior conviction evidence; and (d) perceivers' need for cognition (NFC) on alibi believability and defendant guilt ratings. Defendants previously convicted of the same crime as the current charge were seen as more likely to be guilty than defendants previously convicted of a different crime. Judge's instructions did not affect guilt ratings. NFC was less influential than anticipated, but did affect participants' understanding and recall of judicial instructions. Strong alibis were seen as more believable and led to lower guilt ratings than weak alibis. [source] Child-Witness and Defendant Credibility: Child Evidence Presentation Mode and Judicial Instructions,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2001Tania E. Eaton Child-witness presentation mode, judicial instructions, and deliberation stage effects on juror ratings of child witness and defendant were investigated Perceptions of the impact of presentation mode on witnesses, juror task, and justice also were explored. Participants (N= 108) viewed a simulated child sexual abuse trial videotape. Overall child-witness credibility was significantly more positive with videodeposition or court-given child evidence than with videolink. The defendant was seen as more definitely guilty when child testimony was court given than by videodeposition or videolink. Presentation mode also significantly influenced perceived impact on child witness, defendant case, and juror task. Judicial instructions interacted with presentation mode to affect perceptions of impact on child witness and juror task. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research, and implications for future research and practice are outlined. [source] A Review of Nursing Interventions to Foster Becoming a MotherJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 5 2006Ramona T. Mercer Objective:, To determine the current state of knowledge of nursing interventions that foster the process of becoming a mother. Data Sources:, A literature search was conducted using CINAHL and PubMed electronic databases and other key references. Study Selection:, Reports on nursing intervention research published in English that focused on a facet of maternal behavior in the process of becoming a mother during pregnancy or during the first 4 months following birth, or both, were included. Twenty eight reports were found. Data Extraction:, Studies were reviewed, categorized, and analyzed and interventions synthesized to determine the current knowledge base for fostering becoming a mother. Categories included instructions for infant caregiving, building awareness of and responsiveness to infant interactive capabilities, promoting maternal-infant attachment, maternal/social role preparation, and interactive therapeutic nurse-client relationships. Data Synthesis:, Interactive therapeutic nurse-client relationships and maternal/social role preparation had greater impact on variables indicating progress in becoming a mother than formal teaching. Instructions without nurse input were ineffective. Conclusions:, Interactive reciprocal nursing interventions are the most effective in enhancing mother-infant interactions and maternal knowledge about infant care. Evidence is limited on how to foster the mother's feelings about herself in becoming a mother and attachment to her infant. JOGNN, 35, 568-582; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00080.x [source] Instructions for Authors: J. Plant Nutr.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Soil Sci. [source] Instructions for Authors: J. Plant Nutr.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007Soil Sci. [source] Instructions to Authors: J. Plant Nutr.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006Soil Sci. [source] Instructions to Authors: J. Plant Nutr.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005Soil Sci. [source] Journal of Public Health Dentisty Instructions for ContributorsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2006Article first published online: 1 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Journal of Public Health Dentisty Instructions for ContributorsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2006Article first published online: 1 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] JPHD Instructions for ContributorsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2001Article first published online: 1 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] JPHD Instructions for ContributorsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2000Article first published online: 1 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] JPHD Instructions for ContributorsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2000Article first published online: 1 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. 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