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Stereotactic biopsy and cytological diagnosis of solid and cystic intracranial lesions

CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
L. M. Collaço
Cytological smears from 115 consecutive cases of stereotactic biopsies of intracranial lesions were reviewed. Ninety-five lesions were solid and 20 cystic. Material from 90 solid and 13 cystic lesions was sent both for cytological and histological examination. In 66 of the solid lesions, the cytological diagnosis was confirmed by histology (five were benign lesions and 61 malignant tumours: 56 primary brain tumours, three metastases and two lymphomas). In 24 cases with discrepant cytology and histology, the histology was inconclusive or insufficient in 14 cases, while cytology established the diagnosis of astrocytoma grade II (seven cases), metastases (two cases), gliosis (one case) and benign (four cases). Necrosis of tumour type was observed cytologically in six patients representing glioblastoma (two cases), anaplastic astrocytoma (one case), lymphoma (one case) and normal brain (two cases) histologically. Three cases reported cytologically as benign were primary brain tumour (two cases) and gliosis (one case). One smear of a glioblastoma was insufficient for cytological diagnosis. Cystic lesions were cytologically benign in 17 cases and malignant in three cases. Histology from the cyst wall confirmed the malignant diagnosis in three cases and showed tumour in six more cases, a benign process (two cases), changes induced by radiotherapy for arteriovenous malformation (one case) and insufficient material (one case). In conclusion, cytology from solid brain lesion allows an accurate diagnosis and subtyping of tumours in a majority of cases, and can thus be used to choose type of therapy. In cystic brain tumours, however, examination of the cystic fluid, is often inconclusive and a biopsy from the cyst wall should be performed if there is clinical or radiological suspicion of tumour. [source]

Clinical and diagnostic significance of blood in cervical smears

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Mathilde E. Boon M.D., Ph.D.
Abstract A heavy admixture of blood in cervical smears can be problematic for the screener, as the presence of blood can influence the staining quality of the cancer cell nuclei. However, it might also be a blessing in disguise. A retrospective study of 40 clinically important smears, 34 originally signed out as negative for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 6 smears as unsatisfactory, was carried out in comparison with 100 smears from healthy women. Sample parameters were analyzed by macroscopy and neural network scanning. Differences between the two study groups were measured by Pearson's ,2 test. Of the 40 study cases, one case featured insufficient material, while 16 cases (40%) could confidently be classified as malignant or negative for malignancy. The most important macroscopic parameter of the smears was an admixture of blood. This background feature was also highlighted by the NNS system. Angiogenesis was visualized by the expression of CD34 in many sampled capillary fragments included in the smears. In conclusion, blood in cervical smears may have clinical and diagnostic significance. The rate of "failed smears" in routine cervical screening might thus by CD34 be considerably decreased. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:181,185. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Descriptions and biological notes of Ctenoplectra bees from Southeast Asia and Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Ctenoplectrini) with a new species from North Borneo

ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2009
I-Hsin SUNG
Abstract Six Ctenoplectra species are recorded from Southeast Asia and Taiwan. They are C. chalybea Smith, C. cornuta Gribodo, C. davidi Vachal, C. elsei Engel, C. sandakana sp. nov. and C. vagans Cockerell. Females of C. sandakana sp. nov. from North Borneo are similar to the mainland species C. chalybea, but differ mainly in the clypeal keel and the length of the antennal segments. The small blackish species, C. cornuta, is distributed in Myanmar, China and Taiwan and C. davidi is distributed in China, Russia and Taiwan; both species are seen at the flowers of Thladiantha. Ctenoplectra chalybea was collected from the Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Taiwan and Vietnam. Ctenoplectra apicalis Smith and C. kelloggi Cockerell are allied to C. chalybea; however, C. kelloggi is excluded from this study due to insufficient material. A key to the six known Ctenoplectra species is given. The large metallic species, C. chalybea and C. elsei, visit flowers of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. For the first time observations on the nest structures of C. chalybea and C. cornuta are presented. They choose remarkable places, such as artificial structures and buildings, for nest sites. The nest architecture prevents rain and direct sunlight from entering the nest. Bees used pre-existing holes or crevices in wood for nesting shelters and collected soil and appeared to mix it with some other substance to build nests. The cell lining materials and rubbing behaviors against the cell wall suggest that Ctenoplectra bees use floral oil mainly for cell lining materials. [source]

Confirmation of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific DNA in three archaeological specimens

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Mark Spigelman
Abstract This journal published the first reported identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) DNA in ancient human remains but concerns were raised about the article two years after publication. These were based on methodology which, in the field of ancient DNA, was still developing. Here we present a re-examination of the 1993 research conducted on three specimens which exhibited palaeopathologies indicative of tuberculosis. The specimens were: an ulna from pre-European-contact Borneo, a spine from Byzantine Turkey, and a lumbar-sacral spine from 17th century Scotland. There was insufficient material to permit re-examination of all of the original samples. The earlier results were confirmed in two independent laboratories using different methodologies. MTB DNA complex-specific DNA amplicons were obtained, and sequenced in both laboratories, in a re-analysis of samples which supported the earlier findings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Open-sky biopsy of ciliary body or choroidal tumors of undetermined origin: utility and safety

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
A SCHALENBOURG
Purpose In the presence of a ciliary body or choroidal tumor of undetermined origin, an open-sky biopsy is performed in selected cases to establish a diagnosis and specify the therapeutic approach. We explored the frequency and reliability of this diagnostic procedure. Methods Retrospective, consecutive, histopathologic case series of 30 biopsies since 1989 of ciliary body or choroidal tumors of undetermined origin. Results Eighteen tumors originated from the ciliary body, 12 from the choroid. Diagnosis was respectively adenoma/adenocarcinoma (4;0), mesectodermal leiomyoma (4;1), metastatic tumor (2;0), melanocytic tumor (4;5), lymphoma (1;3); hemangioma (1;0) or posterior nodular scleritis (0;3). In 2 cases, there was insufficient material to make a diagnosis. There were no cases where the biopsy complicated local or systemic tumor control. Conclusion Open-sky biopsy is only performed in cases whose clinical appearance doesn't permit to confidently establish a diagnosis; its goal is to guide the therapeutic approach. [source]