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Infusion Group (infusion + group)
Selected AbstractsSIAM-Like Phenomenon Caused by Low Doses of AlcoholALCOHOLISM, Issue 2010Akiko Shimamoto Background:, Swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM) is usually evoked by a large dose of ethanol, which is often demonstrated by an abrupt increase in oxygen uptake. SIAM was induced by low doses of ethanol and evaluated by pharmacokinetic analyses of ethanol and its metabolites. Methods:, Rabbits were initially administered 1.0 g/kg of ethanol solution and the same dose was given to the bolus group 6 hours after the first injection. The infusion group was administered 0.25 g/kg/h of ethanol 2 hours after the first injection. Blood concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate were then determined and comparisons were made using pharmacokinetic parameters. Results:, A significantly higher ethanol elimination rate was observed after re-administration of ethanol to the bolus group. Other pharmacokinetic parameters were unaffected. The concentration at steady state (Css) for the infusion group was stable. A significantly higher level of mean residence time (MRT) in blood acetaldehyde was observed for the bolus group, whereas no MRT changes were observed for the infusion group. A significantly higher level of blood acetate Css was observed after re-administration of ethanol to the bolus group, following the changes in area under concentration and MRT. No Css changes were observed for the infusion group. The Css of acetate at stage 2 was significantly higher for the bolus group, compared to the infusion group. Conclusion:, Low doses of ethanol enhanced alcohol metabolism in rabbits, according to a pharmacokinetic analysis of circulating ethanol concentrations. Simultaneous analyses of its metabolites followed the kinetic of ethanol. [source] Changes in renal hemodynamics and urodynamics in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate infusion: Role of free radicalsNEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 2 2003Ho-Shiang Huang Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in renal hemodynamic and urodynamic parameters in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate challenge. We also evaluated the possible association between free radical (FR) production, hyperoxaluria, and calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi formation. Methods Chronic hyperoxaluria was induced by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) to the drinking water of male Wistar rats. After 7, 21, and 42 days of treatment, urinary biochemistry, oxalate levels, and lipid peroxides were measured. Kidney calculi were examined by polarizing microscopy. In the second part of the experiments, 1, 10, 20, and 30 mg kg,1 hr,1 oxalate was infused, by means of an intrarenal arterial catheter (IRA), into normal rats sequentially. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) infusion by means of IRA, in addition to oxalate, was also performed to check its influence on the altered renal function after oxalate infusion. In both the acute and chronic groups, renal blood flow (RBF), cortical microvascular blood flow (CMVBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (UV), and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were measured, and chemiluminescence (CL) was examined in the renal venous blood. Results Levels of urinary lipid peroxides and enzymuria had increased since day 7, and increased the size of numbers of CaOx crystals in the kidney were noted beginning on day 21, but elevated CL was detectable only on day 7 after 0.75% EG treatment. Decreased UV and UNaV were noted in the 42-day EG group, although the 24-hr creatinine clearance values were normal in all experimental groups. On the other hand, RBF, GFR, and CMVBF were attenuated with elevated FR when the oxalate concentration was higher than 10 mg kg,1 hr,1 in the acute oxalate infusion group. With SOD pretreatment, the decreased RBF, GFR, and CMVBF could be reversed at 10 mg kg,1 hr,1 of oxalate, and be partially reversed at 20. FR also could be reduced significantly at 10 and 20 mg kg,1 hr,1 of oxalate. Conclusions Decreased urine flow and sodium excretion were the main renal functions affected by chronic hyperoxaluria. However, that only the 42-day EG group had a decreased tubular function cannot be fully explained by the persistent tubular enzymuria and increased lipid peroxides that began on day 7 after EG treatment. With acute oxalate infusion, the major insult to renal function was renal hemodynamics. Pretreated SOD could reverse the attenuated hemodynamics and reduce the elevated FR partly, which suggested that FR is responsible for oxalate toxicity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:176,182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A comparison of the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine versus propofol target-controlled infusion for sedation during fibreoptic nasotracheal intubationANAESTHESIA, Issue 3 2010C.-J. Tsai Summary Fibreoptic intubation is a valuable modality for airway management. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine vs target controlled propofol infusion in providing sedation during fibreoptic intubation. Forty patients with anticipated difficult airways and due to undergo tracheal intubation for elective surgery were enrolled and randomly allocated into the dexmedetomidine group (1.0 ,g.kg,1 over 10 min) (n = 20) or the propofol target controlled infusion group (n = 20). Intubating conditions and patient tolerance as graded by a scoring system were evaluated as primary outcomes. Intubation was successful in all patients. Satisfactory intubating conditions were found in both groups (19/20 in each group). The median (IOR [range]) comfort score was 2 (1,2 [1,4]) in the dexmedetomidine group and 3 (2,4 [2,5]) in the propofol group (p = 0.027), favouring the former. The dexmedetomidine group experienced fewer airway events and less heart rate response to intubation than the propofol group (p < 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Both dexmedetomidine and propofol target-controlled infusion are effective for fibreoptic intubation. Dexmedetomidine allows better tolerance, more stable haemodynamic status and preserves a patent airway. [source] The protective role of Visudyne eyeglass® against VEGF synthesis after photodynamic therapy with verteporfinACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 8 2009Peykan Türkçüo Abstract. Purpose:, We aimed to determine the extent of protection provided by Visudyne eyeglass® against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis following photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods:, Three groups with 14 rabbits in each were established. These consisted of a control (dextrose infusion) group, an infusion (verteporfin infusion) group and an irradiation (verteporfin infusion + irradiation) group. One eye in each animal was closed with Visudyne eyeglass® and the other by eyelid sutures. The rabbits were exposed to daylight for 30 mins at 2 and 48 hours after the infusion was administered. Half the animals in each group were killed on day 5. The remaining animals were killed on day 10. Levels of VEGF in homogenized retina and choroids were analysed with an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:, Mean VEGF levels, in pg/mg protein, on days 5 and 10 in the control + glass, control + suture, infusion + glass, infusion + suture, irradiation + glass and irradiation + suture subgroups were, respectively: 1.69 ± 0.67, 1.91 ± 0.44; 1.75 ± 0.69, 1.93 ± 0.53; 2.30 ± 0.77, 3.47 ± 2.02; 1.90 ± 1.00, 2.93 ± 0.16; 4.39 ± 2.74, 13.63 ± 5.25; 3.38 ± 1.05, 7.37 ± 2.12. On day 10, VEGF levels were significantly higher in the infusion and irradiation groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between glass and suture samples on days 5 and 10 in the infusion group, or on day 5 in the irradiation group. However, on day 10, the mean VEGF level in eyes closed with Visudyne eyeglass® in the irradiation group was significantly higher than in sutured eyes (p = 0.011). Conclusions:, Visudyne eyeglass® offers full protection against VEGF increases caused by verteporfin infusion but is only partially protective in eyes exposed to sensitizing light. [source] | ||||||||||