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Indirect Assessment (indirect + assessment)
Selected AbstractsDoes the Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety measure trait and state variance?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2004Stefan C. Schmukle The stability of the Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety (IAT-Anxiety) is lower than its internal consistency, indicating that the IAT-Anxiety measures both stable and occasion-specific variance. This suggests that the IAT-Anxiety may be not only a valid measure of trait anxiety but also one of state anxiety. To test this assumption, two studies were conducted in which state anxiety was experimentally induced by a public speaking task. However, both studies showed that the IAT-Anxiety score did not change when a state of anxiety was induced. Thus, it seems that occasion-specific factors other than variations in state anxiety lead to occasion-specific variance in the IAT-Anxiety score. Implications for the indirect assessment of personality dispositions with the IAT are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Assessment of multiple implicit self-concept dimensions using the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST)EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2004Sarah Teige This study explored the psychometric properties of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST; De Houwer, 2003a) as adapted for the measurement of the implicit self-concept of personality. The EAST was adapted to allow the simultaneous assessment of the three traits shyness, anxiousness, and angriness. In order to test the EAST's psychometric properties, 100 participants completed a trait EAST, Implicit Association Tests (IATs), and direct self-ratings. The EAST showed low internal consistencies and correlated neither with the IATs nor with the direct measures. The main problem of the EAST, namely its low reliability, is discussed, and general conclusions regarding the indirect assessment of the personality self-concept by EASTs are derived. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Original semiologic standardized evaluation of stratum corneum hydration by Diagnoskin® stripping sampleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004P. Gasser Synopsis In a normal and healthy skin, the regular elimination of the superficial corneocytes, called desquamation, is a fundamental physiologic process intended to protect the barrier function of the skin. This invisible loss of corneocytes, individually or in small groups, is incessantly compensated by the divisions of the proliferative layer and the upward cellular maturation in order to maintain the harmonious renewal of the epidermis and the integrity of the stratum corneum. The harmony of this desquamation process is intimately conditioned by a sufficient hydration of the stratum corneum: (i) an abnormal desquamation leads to a disruption of the water barrier function and consequently to a dehydration tendency of the stratum corneum, and (ii) a cutaneous dryness (whatever the cause) is able to disturb the desquamation process. Protecting the water content of the stratum corneum has always been a major preoccupation of the cosmetic industry scientists. Consequently, the moisturizing properties of a cosmetic product are objectively measured by various explorations directly targeted on the hydration (corneometry) and on the level of the water barrier function (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements), which depends directly on the skin hydration state. This intimate linkage of the desquamation process and the water content of the stratum corneum enable us to suggest an indirect assessment of the hydration from a direct study of the desquamation by examining a skin-stripping sample (D-Squames®) by an optical microscope (linked to a computer). We will describe this already known technique and mainly its new and unpublished semiologic exploitation, named Diagnoskin®, whose advantages are its simplicity and its reproducibility particularly interesting in the case of sequential appraisal of dermatologic or cosmetic treatments. Résumé Sur une peau normale et saine, l'élimination régulière des cornéocytes superficiels, appelée desquamation, est un processus physiologique fondamental destinéà préserver la fonction barrière de la peau. La perte invisible des cornéocytes, individuellement ou par petits paquets cellulaires, est sans cesse compensée par les divisions de la couche germinative et la maturation cellulaire ascensionnelle afin de maintenir le renouvellement harmonieux de l'épiderme et l'intégrité du stratum corneum. L'harmonie de ce processus de desquamation est intimement conditionnée par une hydratation suffisante du stratum corneum: une desquamation anormale aboutit à une perturbation de la fonction barrière et donc à une tendance à la déshydratation du stratum corneum, Une sècheresse cutanée (quelle qu'en soit la cause) va perturber la desquamation. Préserver la teneur en eau du stratum corneum est depuis toujours une préoccupation majeure pour le scientifique de l'industrie cosmétique. L'appréciation objective du caractère hydratant d'une crème cosmétique est d'ailleurs mesuré par diverses explorations directement ciblées sur l'hydratation (cornéométrie) et sur l'état de la fonction barrière (Perte Insensible en Eau ,PIE) qui dépend directement de l'état d'hydratation de la peau. Cette liaison intime du niveau d'hydratation du stratum corneum et du phénomène de desquamation nous a fait proposer une évaluation indirecte de l'hydratation à l'aide d'une étude directe de la desquamation par observation au microscope (reliéà un ordinateur) des prélèvements par stripping des cornéocytes superficiels (D-Squames®). Nous décrirons cette technique déjà connue et surtout son exploitation sémiologique nouvelle et inédite, appelée Diagnoskin® dont les avantages sont sa simplicité et son caractère reproductible particulièrement intéressants pour l'évaluation séquentielle de traitements dermatologiques ou cosmétiques. [source] Determination of patterns of biologically relevant aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate of healthy subjects by liquid chromatography/atmospheric chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 7 2003Roberta Andreoli A method for the simultaneous determination of several classes of aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was developed using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS). EBC is a biological matrix obtained by a relatively new, simple and noninvasive technique and provides an indirect assessment of pulmonary status. The measurement of aldehydes in EBC represents a biomarker of the effect of oxidative stress caused by smoke, disease, or strong oxidants like ozone. Malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, ,,, -unsaturated hydroxylated aldehydes [namely 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)], and saturated aldehydes (n -hexanal, n -heptanal and n -nonanal) were measured in EBC after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of the analytes was obtained in positive-ion mode for MDA, and in negative-ion mode for acrolein, 4-HHE, 4-HNE, and saturated aldehydes. DNPH derivatives were separated on a C18 column using variable proportions of 20,mM aqueous acetic acid and methanol. Linearity was established over 4,5 orders of magnitude and limits of detection were in the 0.3,1.0 nM range. Intra-day and inter-day precision were in the 1.3,9.9% range for all the compounds. MDA, acrolein and n -alkanals were detectable in all EBC samples, whereas the highly reactive 4-HHE and 4-HNE were found in only a few samples. Statistically significant higher concentrations of MDA, acrolein and n -hexanal were found in EBC from smokers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Moderated validity of clinical informant assessment: use in depression and personalityCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 2 2003J. H. Kamphuis Informant assessment or indirect assessment is often a valuable adjunct in clinical practice. Validity of informant assessment has typically been measured as the degree of agreement with self-report, and has generally been encouraging in both non-clinical and clinical samples. The present article describes two small-scale validity studies in an inpatient psychiatric setting and in the community at large, respectively. The first study in a depressed inpatient sample reports on self- and informant-ratings of depressive symptoms, and also examines the moderating influence of informant levels of depression. Results of this study indicate that partners are able to make fairly accurate estimates of the depressed patient's clinical status in terms of depressive symptoms. The second study reports on female participants' personality descriptions of their male partner, and examines to what extent marital distress moderates the agreement. Overall agreement between self- and spouse-ratings of personality traits was satisfactory to high, and the degree of marital distress was not a factor in the accuracy of judgment. Generally, agreement indices were solid and close to test,retest values. Clinical utility and directions for future applications of informant assessment are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Making the Transition to a Food Science Curriculum Based on Assessment of Learning OutcomesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 2 2003R.W. Hartel ABSTRACT: Despite the well-documented advantages of switching to instruction based on assessment of learning outcomes, many academic disciplines, including food science, are still based on the traditional mode of instruction. The problems of converting from traditional to assessment-driven instruction are numerous and change in the university setting is slow. However, certain guidelines can be followed to start the process for change and evaluate the effects on student learning. A partnership between the industry being served and academic instructors is needed to ensure that assessment-based instruction is focused on the proper principles. Methods of assessment of learning outcomes need to be carefully chosen and developed to bring industry standards and student learning together. This can be done only if both direct and indirect assessments at the program level provide faculty with means to answer their most pressing questions about what students know and are able to do as a result of Food Science education. [source] | ||||||||||