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Increased Integration (increased + integration)
Selected AbstractsFactor mobility and fiscal policy in the EU: policy issues and analytical approachesECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 31 2000David E. Wildasin Increased integration of labour and capital markets creates significant challenges for the welfare states of modern Europe. Taxation of capital and labour that finances extensive programmes of cash and in-kind redistribution creates incentives for capital owners and workers to locate in regions where they obtain favourable fiscal treatment. Competition among countries for mobile resources constrains their ability to alter the distribution of income and may lead to reductions in the size and scope of redistributive policies. Mobility of labour and capital is imperfect, however. Recent trends indicate that labour and capital are neither perfectly mobile nor perfectly immobile, but rather adjust gradually to market conditions and economic policies. This paper presents an explicitly dynamic analysis showing that governments can achieve some redistribution when it is costly for factors of production to relocate. As the costs of factor mobility fall, however, the effectiveness of redistributive policies is more limited, and governments have weaker incentives to pursue them. Liberalized immigration policies, EU enlargement, and other steps that promote integration of the factors markets of Western Europe with those of surrounding regions thus present a challenge to policy-makers if they also wish to maintain fiscal systems with extensive redistribution. [source] Contested decisions: Empirical analysis of voting in the European Union Council of MinistersEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Mikko Mattila This article analyses voting records of the European Union's (EU) Council of Ministers. Governments' voting patterns are assumed to be partly affected by national-level factors and partly by EU-level factors. The results support the view that the political space of the EU is defined by two dimensions: the traditional left-right dimension, and the independence versus integration dimension. In general, left-wing governments tend to vote less against the Council majority than their right-wing counterparts. However, if the government is a strong supporter of increased integration, its position on the left-right dimension does not matter much. All other things being equal, pro-integration governments are least likely to raise their voice against the Council majority. However, considerable differences are found among eurosceptic parties. Of these, right-wing governments are the most active ,no' voters. In addition, large countries are more likely to vote ,no' than small countries. When they hold the presidency, governments take the role of arbitrator and vote less against the majority in the Council than otherwise. [source] The Europeanization of Czech Politics: The Political Parties and the EU ReferendumJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 2 2006MICHAEL BAUN This article explores the Europeanization of Czech politics in the pre-accession period, with a principal focus on the political parties and party system. It argues that Czech political parties and party politics became increasingly Europeanized with the increased integration of the Czech Republic into the EU. In turn, the parties have played a key role in the Europeanization of Czech politics. This role is evident in the outcome of the June 2003 referendum on EU membership, which reflected strong cross-party support for EU accession (excepting the Communists). However, factors other than party support also influenced voters' choices, including regional factors and socio-economic factors such as employment status and level of income and education. [source] The Green Revolution, development of labor markets, and poverty reduction in the rural Philippines, 1985,2004AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2006Jonna P. Estudillo Poverty; Landlessness; Green Revolution; Investments in schooling Abstract Using a long-term household panel data set collected in three rural villages in the Philippines in 1985 and 2004, this article explores how the Green Revolution and development of the labor markets have affected household income and poverty situation. The initial rise in income associated with the Green Revolution and a stronger credit access has enabled the households to allocate funds for investing in children's schooling. With the increased integration of the rural with the urban labor market, these children are able to explore labor opportunities in the nonfarm sector that resulted in a decline in poverty by about one-half. The landless households, who are less educated, benefited, too, from the expansion of the nonfarm labor market, because of the rise in rural wages associated with the rise in demand for the unskilled labor, which is by far their most important asset. [source] African capital markets and real sector investmentJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2005Yohane Khamfula Many African capital markets find the lack of an efficiently organized capital market a serious obstacle to the efficient use of their savings, and thus to their overall economic development. To improve the situation, this paper suggests the following policy recommendations: removal of impediments to capital market development, improvement of the financial system infrastructure for efficient trading activities, sound economic policies that stabilize the exchange rate and prices to help attract foreign investors, increased integration of the local capital market with the world capital markets, encouragement of family-owned firms to go public and, most importantly, liberalization of international capital flows. The study also proposes ,privatization' and ,currency union' as enhancers of capital mobilization for real sector investment in Africa. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Supply Management Strategies for the Future: A Delphi StudyJOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2005Jeffrey A. Ogden Summary As supply management becomes more involved in strategic decisions, an understanding of the various strategies that it can employ is crucial. This research uses a multiround Delphi study of key procurement and supply management executives to better understand which procurement and supply management strategies may lead to significant improvements over the next 5,10 years. The results indicate that strategies such as increased integration, information sharing and collaboration among supply chain members are most likely to be implemented and will have the largest impact on organizations. However, this integration will not include joint investment or asset sharing, will be limited to one tier in the supply chain, and will not heavily involve e-markets and electronic auctions. [source] Managing the transition from bricks-and-mortar to clicks-and-mortar: a business process perspectiveKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 3 2004David Barnes This paper reports from case study-based research that investigates the impact of the transition from bricks-and-mortar to clicks-and-mortar businesses on the management of core internal business processes. It has two main aims: firstly, to identify the business models for the processes of order fulfilment and delivery used in clicks-and-mortar e-businesses, and any organizational and environmental factors affecting these processes; secondly, to identify the main factors involved in the adoption and use of Internet-based ICTs for e-commerce in clicks-and-mortar e-businesses, and any organizational and environmental factors affecting adoption and use. Results from eight UK-based companies that have been changing from traditional bricks-and-mortar companies to clicks-and-mortar e-businesses are reported. Five main conclusions are drawn from a cross-case analysis: (1) increased integration in e-commerce business processes is inhibited by both technological and business barriers; (2) organizations display various and often confused motives for adopting e-commerce; (3) barriers to the increased adoption of e-commerce are not just technological, but also sociological and economic; (4) the adoption of e-commerce challenges existing supply network relationships; (5) the adoption of e-commerce is tending to automate rather than redesign existing business processes. A three-pronged approach to future research work in this under-researched area is recommended. This encompasses undertaking longitudinal case study research to track e-commerce developments over time, extending the range of cases to include other industry sectors (such as not for profits), and undertaking survey research across a large number of organizations, using quantitative methods, to test the generalizability of the findings from this research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Teaching of biochemistry in medical schoolBIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 6 2008A well-trodden pathway? Abstract Biochemistry and molecular biology occupy a unique place in the medical school curriculum. They are frequently studied prior to medical school and are fundamental to the teaching of biomedical sciences in undergraduate medical education. These two circumstances, and the trend toward increased integration among the disciplines, have led to reconsideration of biochemistry instruction in many medical schools. We conducted a survey to explore the evolving trends in biochemistry education. A broad diversity was evident in parameters including course content, faculty, governance, prerequisites, and teaching methods. Notably, sharp differences were apparent between freestanding biochemistry courses and those in which biochemistry is integrated with other subjects. Furthermore, the data imply a likely trend toward increased integration of biochemistry with other disciplines in the medical school curriculum. [source] | |||||||||||||