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Increased Hardness (increased + hardness)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Deposition Issues and Validation of their Mechanical Properties,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2005
P. Schwaller
Abstract The limitations of conventional coatings due to inferior hardness or poor oxidation stability can be overcome by nanocomposite hard coatings such as nc-TiN/a-SiNx, which consists of nanocrystalline TiN and a non-crystalline tissue phase of SiNx which are mutually immiscible. The properties of nanocomposite coatings, especially their increased hardness, can be explained by their nanostructure, which leads to a maximum hardness at typically 80 atomic percent of the crystalline phase. We show that enhanced hardness can only be attained when the silicon nitride phase is sufficiently nitrided. The accurate and reliable measurement of the hardness and elastic modulus requires the use of appropriate nanoindentation equipment and a careful tip correction with periodical validation. It is shown that for a correct hardness determination of a few microns thick nanocomposite coatings, an indentation depth of 100,nm is sufficient. The maximum hardness of our nc-TiN/a-SiNx coatings deposited by a hybrid UBM/arc-PVD process is about 40,GPa. This value represents a global hardness value, due to the nanocomposite structure there may be a local hardness variation of about ±10,%. [source]

Effect of transglutaminase and carrageenan on restructured fish products containing dietary fibres

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 11 2007
Carlos Cardoso
Summary The inclusion of various levels of a microbial transglutaminase or a carrageenan additive to restructured hake products with or without dietary fibre (obtained from inner pea or chicory root) was studied. These experiments were aimed at producing technologically innovative restructured fish products with improved textural and colour properties. It was found that the addition of transglutaminase, up to 0.5% (w/w), favoured better textural properties, particularly, at 0.1% (w/w) level or above. On the other hand, restructured product with a dietary fibre content of 4% (w/w) and carrageenan addition, up to 2% (w/w), exhibited increased hardness. This can be particularly interesting for those products containing chicory root inulins as this fibre presented an adverse effect on hardness. Regarding colour, higher carrageenan contents caused a slight but significant colour change in the product, making it redder (for products containing Swelite and Fibruline) and more yellow (only concerning Swelite). [source]

Synthesis of organic,inorganic hybrid polymeric nanocomposites for the hard coat application

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2007
Chuan Hsiao Shu
Abstract An organic,inorganic hybrid polymeric nanocomposite has been synthesized for making UV-curable hard coats. This nanocomposite consists of nano-sized colloidal silica functionalized with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and dendritic acrylic oligomers (DAO) which have been formed earlier via a reaction of ethylenediamine (EDA) with trimethylopropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Applied as a hard coat on top of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, this nanocomposite has a short UV-cure time and the cured coat has an enhanced thermal decomposition temperature (Td), 89,90% transparency, increased hardness up to 3H, better adhesion up to 4B, and a flat surface with a root mean square roughness of 2,4 nm. The preparation as well as the characterization of the constituting species and the final hybrid are described in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3985,3993, 2007 [source]

Peritoneal mesothelioma presenting as a skin nodule

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Cynthia Abban
Mesothelioma is a malignancy of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum that is rarely seen in cutaneous biopsies. We present a case of a 75-year-old man with significant occupational exposure to asbestos who developed peritoneal mesothelioma that presented as a skin nodule in an old appendectomy scar. The patient presented with a complaint of increased hardness along his appendectomy scar. Physical examination revealed an anterior abdominal wall mass overlying the appendectomy scar, which was subsequently biopsied. Histologic examination of the abdominal wall mass revealed an infiltrating epithelioid and papillary neoplasm within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Immunohistochemical stains showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 5/6, calretinin and vimentin. CK 20, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase were negative. The profile supported the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Cutaneous presentation of mesothelioma is rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with significant asbestos exposure. [source]