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Incomplete Separation (incomplete + separation)
Selected AbstractsCapillary zone electrophoresis with a dynamic double coating for analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum: Impact of resolution between disialo- and trisialotransferrin on reference limitsELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 24 2003Christian Lanz Abstract Capillary electrophoresis with a dynamic double coating formed by charged polymeric reagents represents a very effective tool for the separation of iron-saturated transferrin (Tf) isoforms and thus the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in human serum. The resolution between di- and trisialo-Tf is dependent on the applied voltage and capillary temperature. With a 50 ,m inside diameter (ID) capillary of about 60 cm total length mounted into the P/ACE MDQ, 28 kV and 40°C, the resolution of the two Tf isoforms is shown to be between 1.0 and 1.4, whereas with reduced voltage and/or temperature, increased resolution at the expense of elongated run times is observed. Best data with complete resolution (Rs , 1.4) are obtained at 20 kV and 30°C. For the determination of CDT in serum, incomplete separation of di- and trisialo-Tf is demonstrated to have an impact on the reference limits. Analysis of the sera of 54 healthy individuals with no or moderate alcohol consumption and using valley-to-valley peak integration, the upper (lower) reference limits for CDT in relation to total Tf at the two power levels are 1.33 (0.52) and 1.57 (0.81)%, respectively, representing intervals that are significantly different (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the reference intervals are shown to be strongly dependent on the peak integration approach used. Valley-to-valley peak integration should only be employed for conditions with complete resolution between disialo- and trisialo-Tf. [source] Studies on ,precarious rocks' in the epicentral area of the AD 1356 Basle earthquake, SwitzerlandGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2005Peter Schürch SUMMARY For the first time precarious rocks have been analysed in the epicentral area of the AD 1356 Basle earthquake in northern Switzerland. Several cliff sites in flat-lying, thickly bedded Upper Jurassic coral limestones in the Jura Mountains were investigated. Seven blocks are regarded as precarious with respect to earthquake strong ground motions. The age of these precarious rocks could not be determined directly as for instance by radiometric dating methods; however, based on slope degradation processes it can be concluded that the formation of these blocks predates the AD 1356 Basle earthquake. The acceleration required to topple a precarious rock from its pedestal is estimated using geometrical data for individual block sections and earthquake strong-motion records from stations on rock sites in the European Strong-Motion Database as input data for the computer program ROCKING V1.0 from the Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno. The calculations indicate that toppling of a precarious rock largely depends on earthquake strength but also on the frequency spectrum of the signal. Although most investigated precarious rocks are surprisingly stable for ground motions similar to those expected to have occurred during the AD 1356 Basle earthquake, at least two blocks are clearly precariously balanced, with peak toppling accelerations lower than 0.3 g. Possible reasons why these blocks did not topple during the AD 1356 Basle earthquake include incomplete separation from their base, sliding of precarious rocks, their size, lower than assumed ground accelerations and/or duration of shaking. [source] Agnathia and associated malformations in a male rhesus monkeyJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008B. Goldschmidt Abstract Background, Agnathia is a rare malformation characterized by the absence of the mandible. Methods, A male rhesus monkey with malformations was found dead and studied by internal examination, radiographs and histopathology. Results, A case of a rare first branchial arch anomaly with agenesis of the mandible and tongue is presented. The animal also had visceral deformities. However, ears were normal in shape and only slightly low in position. The craniofacial malformations may reflect incomplete separation of the first branchial arch into its maxillary and mandibular processes. Conclusions, The association between the craniofacial and other corporal anomalies is unclear. [source] Amplitude,shape approximation as an extension of separation of variablesMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 3 2008N. Parumasur Abstract Separation of variables is a well-known technique for solving differential equations. However, it is seldom used in practical applications since it is impossible to carry out a separation of variables in most cases. In this paper, we propose the amplitude,shape approximation (ASA) which may be considered as an extension of the separation of variables method for ordinary differential equations. The main idea of the ASA is to write the solution as a product of an amplitude function and a shape function, both depending on time, and may be viewed as an incomplete separation of variables. In fact, it will be seen that such a separation exists naturally when the method of lines is used to solve certain classes of coupled partial differential equations. We derive new conditions which may be used to solve the shape equations directly and present a numerical algorithm for solving the resulting system of ordinary differential equations for the amplitude functions. Alternatively, we propose a numerical method, similar to the well-established exponential time differencing method, for solving the shape equations. We consider stability conditions for the specific case corresponding to the explicit Euler method. We also consider a generalization of the method for solving systems of coupled partial differential equations. Finally, we consider the simple reaction diffusion equation and a numerical example from chemical kinetics to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The ASA results in far superior numerical results when the relative errors are compared to the separation of variables method. Furthermore, the method leads to a reduction in CPU time as compared to using the Rosenbrock semi-implicit method for solving a stiff system of ordinary differential equations resulting from a method of lines solution of a coupled pair of partial differential equations. The present amplitude,shape method is a simplified version of previous ones due to the use of a linear approximation to the time dependence of the shape function. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A petrologic study of the IAB iron meteorites: Constraints on the formation of the IAB-Winonaite parent bodyMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 6 2000G. K. BENEDIX These meteorites contain inclusions that fall broadly into five types: (1) sulfide-rich, composed primarily of troilite and containing abundant embedded silicates; (2) nonchondritic, silicate-rich, comprised of basaltic, troctolitic, and peridotitic mineralogies; (3) angular, chondritic silicate-rich, the most common type, with approximately chondritic mineralogy and most closely resembling the winonaites in composition and texture; (4) rounded, often graphite-rich assemblages that sometimes contain silicates; and (5) phosphate-bearing inclusions with phosphates generally found in contact with the metallic host. Similarities in mineralogy and mineral and O-isotopic compositions suggest that IAB iron and winonaite meteorites are from the same parent body. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of IAB iron meteorites that combines some aspects of previous formation models for these meteorites. We suggest that the precursor parent body was chondritic, although unlike any known chondrite group. Metamorphism, partial melting, and incomplete differentiation (i.e., incomplete separation of melt from residue) produced metallic, sulfide-rich and silicate partial melts (portions of which may have crystallized prior to the mixing event), as well as metamorphosed chondritic materials and residues. Catastrophic impact breakup and reassembly of the debris while near the peak temperature mixed materials from various depths into the re-accreted parent body. Thus, molten metal from depth was mixed with near-surface silicate rock, resulting in the formation of silicate-rich IAB iron and winonaite meteorites. Results of smoothed particle hydrodynamic model calculations support the feasibility of such a mixing mechanism. Not all of the metal melt bodies were mixed with silicate materials during this impact and reaccretion event, and these are now represented by silicate-free IAB iron meteorites. Ages of silicate inclusions and winonaites of 4.40-4.54 Ga indicate this entire process occurred early in solar system history. [source] Analytical characterisation of crude extracts from an african Ancistrocladus species using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled to ion trap mass spectrometryPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2004Matthias Unger Abstract The analysis by HPLC, CE and CE-MS/MS of root bark extracts of a, so far undescribed, Central-African Ancistrocladus species (family Ancistrocladaceae) is described. Owing to the complexity of the extract, the application of reversed-phase HPLC resulted in a partially incomplete separation of the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, whilst CE using a non-aqueous buffer proved to be a very valuable complementary method for a ,rst characterisation of the crude extract. By performing additional CE-MS/MS experiments, in combination with parallel isolation studies and structural elucidation using conventional methods, six alkaloidal substances present in the plant could be identi,ed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The ups and downs of holoprosencephaly: dorsal versus ventral patterning forcesCLINICAL GENETICS, Issue 5 2008M Fernandes Holoprosencephaly (HPE), characterized by incomplete separation of forebrain and facial components into left and right sides, is a common developmental defect in humans. It is caused by both genetic and environmental factors and its severity covers a wide spectrum of phenotypes. The genetic interactions underlying inherited forms of HPE are complex and poorly understood. Animal models, in particular mouse mutants, are providing a growing understanding of how the forebrain develops and how the cerebral hemispheres become split into left and right sides. These insights, along with the characterization to date of some of the genes involved in human HPE, suggest that two distinct mechanisms underlie the major classes of HPE, ,classic' and midline interhemispheric (MIH). Disruption either directly or indirectly of the ventralizing effect of sonic hedgehog signaling appears central to all or most forms of classic HPE, while disruption of the dorsalizing effect of bone morphogenetic protein signaling may be key to cases of MIH HPE. [source] | ||||||||||