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Incidence Trends (incidence + trend)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Mortality and incidence trends from esophagus cancer in selected geographic areas of China circa 1970,90

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2002
Li Ke
Abstract China was one of the countries with the highest esophagus cancer risk in the world during the 1970s. This report provides data on time trends of esophagus cancer incidence and mortality during the 1970s,90s in selected geographic areas of China. Information on newly diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths is based on data collected by local population-based registries and Disease Surveillance Points (DSP). For the whole country, esophagus cancer mortality decreased slightly, 17.4 per 105 populations during 1990,92 in contrast to 18.8 per 105 populations in 1973,75. In the Linxian area, trends in the incidence and mortality rates for esophagus+gastric cardia cancer reversed over time; incidence rates increased significantly during 1959,72 but were decreased significantly on average ,2.26% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: ,1.74, ,2.77) and ,1.10% (95% CI = ,0.58, ,1.62) per year for males and females, respectively, during 1972,97. In urban Shanghai, incidence trend for esophagus cancer decreased monotonically and significantly on average by ,4.99% (95% CI = ,4.28, ,5.70) and ,5.18% (95% CI = ,4.99, ,5.70) per year for males and females, respectively. In Nanao islet, esophagus+gastric cardia cancer mortality rates increased during 1970,82 but decreased slowly from 1982,99 (,0.96% per year; 95% CI = ,0.14, ,1.78). Our study indicates that incidence and mortality rates for esophagus or esophagus+gastric cardia cancer are now decreasing in China. The declines may be due to an unplanned success of prevention, such as changes in population dietary patterns and food preservation methods. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Problematic heroin use incidence trends in Spain

ADDICTION, Issue 2 2009
Albert Sánchez-Niubò
ABSTRACT Aims To estimate the annual incidence of heroin use in Spain. Participants and design Data on individuals' year of first heroin use (from 1971 to 2005), year of first heroin treatment between 1991 and 2005 and most frequent route of heroin administration when presenting to treatment were obtained from the Spanish Drug Observatory Register and used to calculate the delay between onset and treatment. By using a log-linear model approach it was possible to correct for missing observations (heroin users who presented for treatment before 1991 and those who had still not presented by the end of 2005) and to estimate heroin incidence over time. Findings The estimated incidence of problematic heroin use in the population aged 15,44 peaked at 190 per 100 000 in 1980,after rising rapidly from less than 40 per 100 000 in 1971,and fell subsequently to about 8 per 100 000 in 2005. On average, incidence was five times higher in men. Injecting heroin incidence peaked and declined rapidly from 1980; as heroin smoking did not decline as rapidly, from 1985 onwards its estimated incidence has remained above that of heroin injecting. The delay between starting heroin use and entering treatment had a median of 3 years. Conclusions We demonstrate the utility of a method to estimate heroin incidence from analysis of observed trends in presentations at specialist drug treatment facilities. The estimates suggest that incidence of heroin use, especially injecting, has fallen since 1980 and is now lower than in the early 1970s. [source]

Mortality and incidence trends from esophagus cancer in selected geographic areas of China circa 1970,90

Recent incidence trends and sociodemographic features of oesophageal and gastric cancer types in an English region

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2009
C. GAJPERIA
Aliment Pharmacol Ther,30, 873,880 Summary Background, Oesophageal and gastric cancers comprise various common tumour types with possible different aetiology and historically different incidence trends. Aim, To enhance and update evidence about the descriptive epidemiology of oesophageal and gastric cancers. Methods, Population-based information from the East of England was available on 16 319 (65% male) incident cases of oesophago-gastric cancer (ICD-10 C150,169) diagnosed during 1995,2006. Age-standardized incidence trends by gender and deprivation groups and sex ratios were compared for four different tumour types [oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), junctional/cardia adenocarcinoma (JCA), and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA)]. Results, Between 1995,1997 and 2004,2006, the age-standardized incidence of OAC and JCA increased slightly (by 4% and 6% in men and 17% and 8% in women respectively), with a sex ratio >4 for both. Conversely, OSCC and NCGA incidence decreased (,20% and ,32% in men and ,15% and ,26% in women respectively), with sex ratio of <2 for both. In men, OSCC and NCGA incidence was associated with increasing deprivation. Conclusions, Within the study context, there was a modest rise in OAC and JCA incidence. OAC and JCA share common incidence trends and sociodemographic features (contrasting with those of OSCC and NCGA cancers). [source]

Interpreting incidence trends for treated end-stage renal disease: Implications for evaluating disease control in Australia

NEPHROLOGY, Issue 4 2004
JOHN H STEWART
SUMMARY: Background: Five sources of change modify trends in incidence of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD): (i) demography; (ii) disease control, comprising prevention and treatment of progressive kidney disease; (iii) competing risks, which encompass dying from untreated uraemia or non-renal comorbidity; (iv) lead-time bias; and (v) classification bias. Thus, rising crude incidence of treated ESRD may conceal effective disease control when there has been demographic change, lessening competing risks, or the introduction of bias. Methods: Age-specific incidences of treated ESRD in Australia were calculated from Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry data by indigenous/non-indigenous status (all causes) and by primary renal disease (non-indigenous only) for two successive decades, 1982,1991 and 1992,2001. Results: We postulate that less competing risks explained much of the increase in treated ESRD in the elderly and Indigenous Australians. The increase in glomerulonephritic ESRD in non-indigenous Australians could be ascribed mainly to immigration from non-European countries. There was no significant change in incidence of treated ESRD in Indigenous or non-indigenous persons aged less than 25 years, in non-indigenous persons aged 25,64 years for ESRD caused by hereditary polycystic disease or hypertension, or in type 1 diabetics aged over 55 years. End-stage renal disease from analgesic nephropathy had declined. The increase in treated ESRD caused by type 2 diabetic nephropathy appeared to be multifactorial. Lead-time/length bias and less competing risks may have concealed a small favourable trend in other primary renal diseases. Conclusion: Whether recent disease control measures have had an impact on incidence of treated ESRD is not yet certain, but seems more likely than implied by previous reports. [source]

Projecting the burden of diabetes in Australia , what is the size of the matter?

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2009
Dianna J. Magliano
Abstract Objective: To analyse the implications of using different methods to predict diabetes prevalence for the future. Approach: Different methods used to predict diabetes were compared and recommendations are made. Conclusion: We recommend that all projections take a conservative approach to diabetes prevalence prediction and present a ,base case' using the most robust, contemporary data available. We also recommend that uncertainty analyses be included in all analyses. Implications: Despite variation in assumptions and methodology used, all the published predictions demonstrate that diabetes is an escalating problem for Australia. We can safely assume that unless trends in diabetes incidence are reversed there will be at least 2 million Australian adults with diabetes by 2025. If obesity and diabetes incidence trends, continue upwards, and mortality continues to decline, up to 3 million people will have diabetes by 2025, with the figure closer to 3.5 million by 2033. The impact of this for Australia has not been measured. [source]

Persistent high rates of hysterectomy in Western Australia: a population-based study of 83 000 procedures over 23 years

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 7 2006
K Spilsbury
Objective, To investigate incidence trends and demographic, social and health factors associated with the rate of hysterectomy and morbidity outcomes in Western Australia and compare these with international studies. Design, Population-based retrospective cohort study. Setting, All hospitals in Western Australia where hysterectomies were performed from 1981 to 2003. Population, All women aged 20 years or older who underwent a hysterectomy. Methods, Statistical analysis of record-linked administrative health data. Main outcome measures, Rates, rate ratios and odds ratios for incidence measures and length of stay in hospital and odds ratios for morbidity measures. Results, The age-standardised rate of hysterectomy adjusted for the underlying prevalence of hysterectomy decreased 23% from 6.6 per 1000 woman-years (95% CI 6.4,6.9) in 1981 to 4.8 per 1000 woman-years (95% CI 4.6,4.9) in 2003. Lifetime risk of hysterectomy was estimated as 35%. In 2003, 40% of hysterectomies were abdominal. The rate of hysterectomy to treat menstrual disorders fell from 4 per 1000 woman-years in 1981 to 1 per 1000 woman-years in 1993 and has since stabilised. Low socio-economic status, having only public health insurance, nonindigenous status and living in rural or remote areas were associated with increased risk of having a hysterectomy for menstrual disorders. Indigenous women had higher rates of hysterectomy to treat gynaecological cancers compared with nonindigenous women, particularly in rural areas. The odds of a serious complication were 20% lower for vaginal hysterectomies compared with abdominal procedures. Conclusion, Western Australia has one of the highest hysterectomy rates in the world, although proportionally, significantly fewer abdominal hysterectomies are performed than in most countries. [source]

Tongue and tonsil carcinoma

CANCER, Issue 9 2005
44 years, Increasing trends in the U.S. population ages 20
Abstract BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of oral carcinoma among young adults has been reported in the U.S. and Europe. Although the association between human papillomavirus infection and tonsillar carcinoma is now well established, to the authors' knowledge little is known about incidence trends in tonsillar carcinoma among younger adults. The objective of the current study was to explore the trends in both oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in younger U.S. populations, in particular tongue and tonsillar SCC. METHODS Using the 1973,2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age, race, and site-specific trends of oral and pharyngeal (excluding nasopharynx) carcinoma incidence rates. The percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were computed to explore trends in incidence rates over time. RESULTS There were 2262 SCC of the oral cavity and 1251 SCC of the pharynx reported to the SEER program from 1973 to 2001 in adults aged 20,44 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of oral tongue SCC (APC = +2.1; P < 0.001), base of tongue SCC (APC = +1.7; P = 0.04), and palatine tonsil SCC (APC = +3.9; P < 0.001) among younger white individuals, whereas the incidence of SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites decreased or remained constant. CONCLUSIONS The increase in tonsil SCC incidence from 1973 to 2001 paralleled the increase in tongue SCC, whereas SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites remained constant or decreased. This may suggest similar etiologic factors for SCC affecting the palatine tonsils and tongue in younger populations. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source]

Increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Finland

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2001
M-L. Sumelahti
Objectives , To follow-up the prevalence trends of MS from 1983 to 1993 in western and southern Finland. MS epidemiology has been previously followed from 1964 to 1978 in these regions. The updated prevalences were correlated with incidence trends in the same period. Methods, Age-adjusted and age-specific MS prevalence rates were calculated for cases classified by Poser's criteria. Results, In the western health-care districts, Seinäjoki and Vaasa, prevalences in 1993 were 202/105 and 111/105. In the southern district Uusimaa the respective figure was 108/105. In Seinäjoki a significant 1.7-fold increase was found in 1993 as compared to 1983, mainly due to increased incidence. In Uusimaa a significant 1.2-fold increase in prevalence was found in the presence of stable incidence. In Vaasa prevalence was stable, although incidence was declining. Conclusion, The prevalence of MS is increasing in Seinäjoki and Uusimaa but not in Vaasa. Both the prevalence and incidence in Seinäjoki are now among the highest reported. [source]