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Input Stage (input + stage)
Selected AbstractsNot Enough Science or Not Enough Learning?HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2008Exploring the Gaps between Leadership Theory, Practice This paper addresses the relationships between leadership theory, practice and development, drawing on both the higher education and wider leadership literature. It explores why challenges and problems exist within the contested field of leadership theory and why gaps remain between theory and practice after more than a century of research , and indeed, with increasing levels of research, scholarship and development in the last 25 years. After highlighting the importance of context for theory, practice and development, the first section of the paper examines a range of factors that contribute to theoretical ,contests' including different starting assumptions made by researchers, the different focus of studies, examination of different causal links to explain leadership, differences in values and cultural lenses and different constructs, terminology and perspectives. The second section examines the challenges faced by leadership practitioners, as individuals, and through exercising leadership as a collective responsibility in the context of changing operating environments within higher education institutions and across sectors and countries. The author highlights three areas where some re-thinking of the links between theory and practice are necessary , at the input stage, linking research findings and recruitment practices; in terms of outcomes, by researching links between leaders, leadership and performance; and in process terms, to examine more deeply complex and relational dynamic of leadership in action. The third section offers a number of specific suggestions as to how closer alignment between theory, practice and development can be achieved. The paper concludes by arguing for greater maturity (in research, practice and development) that acknowledges that leadership is played out in complex, dynamic and changing social systems. A stronger emphasis on ,leadership learning' should deliver both better science and better outcomes for leaders and led in higher education. [source] A modified high linearity CMOS micromixer for UWB systemsMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 6 2008Shui-Yang Lin Abstract A CMOS Micromixer for 3,5 GHz UWB receivers is presented in this article. Modified class-AB input stage is developed to improve the LO/RF, LO/IF isolation and to reduce the mixer's noise figure. A LO buffer and an output buffer are integrated in it for on-wafer testing. Our measurement results show that, with a 50-, output loaded, it can achieve 5-dB power conversion gain, 12.5 dB SSB NF, and 4 dBm IIP3. The mixer-core consumes 2.6 mA of current from 1.8-V power supply, and the on-chip area occupied by this mixer with pads excluded is only about 350 × 400 ,m2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1463,1466, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23395 [source] A high-performance wideband cmos low-noise amplifier using inductive series and parallel peaking techniquesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 5 2008Jen-How Lee Abstract A 1,11 GHz wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) with good phase linearity properties (group-delay variation is only ±35.56 ps across the 3.1,10.6 GHz band of interest) using standard 0.18 ,m CMOS technology is reported. To enhance the bandwidth for achieving both high and flat gain and small group-delay variation, the inductive shunt-peaking technique is adopted in the load of the input stage, while the inductive series-peaking technique is adopted in the input terminal of the output stage. The wideband LNA dissipates 29.46 mW power and achieves input return loss (S11) of ,9.32 to ,9.98 dB, flat forward gain (S21) of 11 ± 1 dB, reverse isolation (S12) of ,46 to ,60 dB, and noise figure of 4.15,4.85 dB over the 3.1,10.6 GHz band of interest. Good 1-dB compression point (P1 dB) of ,14 dBm and input third-order inter-modulation point (IIP3) of ,3 dBm are achieved at 6.4 GHz. The chip area is only 675 ,m × 632 ,m excluding the test pads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1240,1244, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23338 [source] gm -Extraction for rail-to-rail input stage linearizationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, Issue 6 2005F. Palma Abstract Transconductance of rail-to-rail input stages in low-voltage operational amplifiers depends on the presence of a large common mode input signal. Corrections must be implemented in order to correct it. Nevertheless, techniques actually used, based on switching or feedforward, still give relevant deviation from the constant transconductance condition. In this paper we present a new architecture based on extraction and feedback to the gain control, directly of the value of the transconductance of the amplifier to be controlled. This quantity does not contain the signal to be amplified, and thus once fed back, it does not affect the overall stage gain. A ,reciprocal' circuit, which performs the 1/x mathematical function, is introduced in order to achieve this extraction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A 2.4/5.7-GHz dual-band low-power CMOS RF receiver with embedded band-select switchesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 3 2009D.-R. Huang Abstract This article presents a 2.4-/5.7-GHz dual-band low-power direct-conversion CMOS RF receiver for the 802.11a/b/g WLAN applications. The RF receiver includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) with dual input stages and dual switches for each of 2.4/5.7-GHz applications. This design can substitute the use of two LNAs in conventional structure and eliminate the use of the costly external band-select switches. It also alleviates the difficulty of single matching for multiple frequency bands. The RF receiver also includes a Gilbert-cell-based broadband mixer which is designed to be both low power consumption and relatively high conversion gain. Fabricated in 0.18-,m CMOS technology, the RF receiver exhibits a conversion gain of 25.8/20.6 dB, DSB noise figure of 4.4/5.6 dB, and input IP3 of ,18/,12.5 dBm at 2.4/5.7 GHz frequency band, respectively. The measured EVM for IEEE 802.11a/b/g is 1.2/1.6/1.1% at data rate of 11/54/54 Mbps. The power consumption under 1.8 V supply is 10.6 mW for the 2.4 GHz mode, and 17.2 mW for the 5.7 mode. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 593,597, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24120 [source] | ||||||||||