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Innovation
Kinds of Innovation Terms modified by Innovation Selected AbstractsSIZING UP COMPSTAT: AN IMPORTANT ADMINISTRATIVE INNOVATION IN POLICINGCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2003MARK H. MOORE First page of article [source] EARLY ISLAMIC CHARITIES AS CATALYSTS OF INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2010Benedikt Koehler Islamic societies may appear unsuitable catalysts for fostering individual enterprise and institutional innovation. This view is challenged by examination of the evolution of charities in early Islam, the so-called waqf. Mohammed's prescription of providing alms engendered an extensive and varied range of charitable institutions. One example is the creation of Islam's earliest centres of higher learning, madrasahs. Key concepts of Common Law, such as trusts, may have copied Islamic legal concepts; the constitutions of the earliest colleges of Oxford and Cambridge universities replicated the design of charitable madrasahs. [source] PROMOTING INNOVATION IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRYECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2010L. Lynne Kiesling Smart metering can bring significant benefits to electricity markets by allowing customers to reduce demand or increase supply when generation capacity is temporarily scarce. To reap the full efficiency and environmental benefits of this technology, regulators must allow price volatility and free entry into the market. The efficiency gains are enormous as both demand and supply will be affected by both temporary and longer-lasting price changes. Experiments have shown the value of this approach. [source] INNOVATION AND COMPETITION IN GENERATION AND RETAIL POWER MARKETSECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2010Elizabeth Hooper There has been considerable merger activity in EU energy markets in recent years. It could be argued that competition authorities should be required to take into account potential innovation effects of mergers. In the UK, regulators are now trying to achieve multiple objectives within the current framework. There is a danger that if markets are expected to deliver mutually incompatible objectives they will be unable to achieve any of them. [source] HARM REDUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES AT A MOMENT OF CHANGE: MOVING INNOVATION FROM GRASSROOTS TO MAINSTREAM?ADDICTION, Issue 9 2009JEAN-PAUL C. GRUND No abstract is available for this article. [source] LIVE-BIRTH IN VIPERS (VIPERIDAE) IS A KEY INNOVATION AND ADAPTATION TO GLOBAL COOLING DURING THE CENOZOICEVOLUTION, Issue 9 2009Vincent J. Lynch The identification of adaptations and key innovations has long interested biologists because they confer on organisms the ability to exploit previously unavailable ecological resources and respond to novel selective pressures. Although it can be extremely difficult to test for the effects of a character on the rate of lineage diversification, the convergent evolution of a character in multiple lineages provides an excellent opportunity to test for the effect of that character on lineage diversification. Here, I examine the effect of parity mode on the diversification of vipers, which have independently evolved viviparity in at least 13 lineages. I find strong statistical evidence that viviparous species diversify at a greater rate than oviparous species and correlate major decreases in the diversification rate of oviparous species with periods of global cooling, such as the Oligocene. These results suggest that the evolution of viviparity buffered live-bearing species against the negative effects of global climate change during the Cenozoic, and was a key innovation in the evolution and diversification of live-bearing vipers. [source] E-GOVERNMENT SERVICE INNOVATION IN THE SCOTTISH CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEMFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010Tony Kinder The paper features an original case study of integration of the Scottish criminal justice information systems, charting the ten-year history of the project. After briefing referencing international e-government experience, it critically assesses e-government in the UK, arguing that following an auspicious start laying infrastructure, e-government now focuses on cost-saving process improvements and is less successful at inter-organisational integration and citizen interactions, responding poorly to the challenges of interactive Internet (Web2) and service interoperability. Surveying literature on the use of project management techniques, it argues that popular e-government tools prescribe closed innovation when more open innovation frameworks (Chesbrough, 2006) may be appropriate to e-government. Two themes emerge: that the nature of e-government project management is closed rather than open and secondly, that e-government is often inadequately conceptualised in technical and organisational terms. [source] USER INNOVATION AND CREATIVE CONSUMPTION IN JAPANESE CULTURE INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF AKIHABARA, TOKYOGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2010Jakob Nobuoka ABSTRACT. The consumption and export of material and immaterial commodities based upon Japanese popular culture is rapidly growing and continually finds new fans all around the world. In this article, it is suggested that some of the competitiveness of these unique cultural phenomena can be traced to the very dense and vivid area of Akihabara in Tokyo. Its long history as an electronic retail district and a more recent influx of firms and shops focused on popular culture has created a strong place brand that continues to mark Akihabara as the capital of Japanese cultural industries. It is a space where different consumers, specialist subcultures and firms and their products can interact. The area functions as a hub were ideas and values are exchanged, tested and promoted. The article argues that research on innovation milieus must take account of the role of users and their relation to place. [source] ENDOGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICSMETROECONOMICA, Issue 4 2004Gilberto Tadeu Lima ABSTRACT This paper develops a post-Keynesian dynamic model of accumulation, growth and distribution in which endogenous technological innovation plays a significant role. Firms' rate of labour-saving technological innovation is made to depend non-linearly on the distributive (wage and profit) shares, with the latter determining both the incentives to innovate and the availability of funding to carry it out. As it turns out, the direction and the intensity of the effect of a change in distribution on the rates of accumulation and growth depend on the prevailing distribution, with a similar dependence applying,alongside the relative bargaining power of capitalists and workers,to the dynamic stability properties of the system. Hence, the model does not rely on full capacity utilization being reached for a change in the accumulation and growth regime to take place. [source] INNOVATION, LICENSING AND WELFARE*THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 1 2005ARIJIT MUKHERJEE In this paper we show the effect of licensing on innovation and social welfare. We show that firms always do non-cooperative research and development (R&D) when there is licensing after R&D, while firms do cooperative R&D in the absence of licensing if cost reduction from R&D is sufficiently small. Licensing reduces welfare when cost reduction from R&D is sufficiently small. [source] IDEAS AT WORK: SPARKLING INNOVATIONBUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 2 2010JULIAN BIRKINSHAW GlaxoSmithKline faced a situation common to large global organisations: how to allocate marketing resources to smaller, regional brands. Julian Birkinshaw and Peter Robbins report on the company's inventive approach to worldwide marketing that led to the development of a unique and productive network. [source] DETECTING THE HISTORICAL SIGNATURE OF KEY INNOVATIONS USING STOCHASTIC MODELS OF CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND CLADOGENESISEVOLUTION, Issue 2 2005Richard H. Ree Abstract Phylogenetic evidence for biological traits that increase the net diversification rate of lineages (key innovations) is most commonly drawn from comparisons of clade size. This can work well for ancient, unreversed traits and for correlating multiple trait origins with higher diversification rates, but it is less suitable for unique events, recently evolved innovations, and that exhibit homoplasy. Here I present a new method for detecting the phylogenetic signature of key innovations that tests whethere the evolutionary history of the candidate trait is associated with shorter waiting times between cladogenesis events. The method employs stochastic models of character evolution and cladogenesis and integrates well into a Bayesian framework in which uncertainty in historical inferences (such as phylogenetic relationships) is allowed. Applied to a well-known example in plants, nectar spurs in columbines, the method gives much stronger support to the key innovation hypothesis than previous tests. [source] A SPATIAL CLIFF-ORD-TYPE MODEL WITH HETEROSKEDASTIC INNOVATIONS: SMALL AND LARGE SAMPLE RESULTS,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2010Irani Arraiz ABSTRACT In this paper, we specify a linear Cliff-and-Ord-type spatial model. The model allows for spatial lags in the dependent variable, the exogenous variables, and disturbances. The innovations in the disturbance process are assumed to be heteroskedastic with an unknown form. We formulate multistep GMM/IV-type estimation procedures for the parameters of the model. We also give the limiting distributions for our suggested estimators and consistent estimators for their asymptotic variance-covariance matrices. We conduct a Monte Carlo study to show that the derived large-sample distribution provides a good approximation to the actual small-sample distribution of our estimators. [source] MICROFINANCE REVOLUTION: ITS EFFECTS, INNOVATIONS, AND CHALLENGESTHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 1 2010Hisaki KONO F35; O19 "Microfinance revolution" is the term often applied to the successful expansion of small-scale financial services to the poor with high repayment records in developing countries. The present paper investigates the extent to which the microfinance revolution is truly revolutionary. More specifically, it explores the impact of microfinance institutions on the poor, the mechanisms underlying high repayment rates and their innovations, and the new challenges microfinance institutions are currently facing. Different from the existing published survey literature, we focus on current topics and attempt to show recent theoretical developments in a comprehensive manner using simplified models with very similar settings. We contend that microfinance is developing in a promising direction but has yet to reach its full potential. [source] SUBSAMPLING THE JOHANSEN TEST WITH STABLE INNOVATIONSAUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 1 2010Pu Chen Summary By taking into account the thick-tail property of the errors, cointegration analysis in vector error-correction models with infinite-variance stable errors is a natural generalization of cointegration analysis in error-correction models with normally distributed errors. We study the Johansen test for cointegrated systems under symmetric stable innovations with discrete spectral measures. The results show that the distributions of the Johansen test statistics under these innovations involve nuisance parameters. To overcome the problem of nuisance parameters, we implement a nonparametric subsampling procedure. We document some subsampling simulation results and demonstrate in an empirical example how the test can be used in practice. [source] Innovation of visualized interactive tools for learning molecular simulation curriculumCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 1 2010Wen-Tsai Sung Abstract The goal of molecular simulation stability is to predict the detailed structure and physical properties of molecules in bioengineer's experiment curriculum. This work succeeds in citing minimum energy and some computer graphics technologies to support this theme. Molecular structure is that given the uncountable number of possible conformations for a protein, how we can determine the lowest energy structure. In this article the authors employed the previous researches-WebDeGrator and some existing molecular graphics tools to simulate various protein folding, ligand acceptor interaction, and molecular visualization. For this reason, bioengineer experimental curriculum will be visualization and interactive among learning members. Finally, Simpson's Taxonomy and pre- and post-test examinations are applied to System Evaluation, and molecular simulation and minimum energy will be discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 28,40, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20226 [source] A case study of a cooperative learning experiment in artificial intelligenceCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 4 2007Fernando Díez Abstract This article describes an innovative teaching experiment (part of a project for Innovation in Teaching at the University Autónoma of Madrid) which was undertaken by the authors during the first semester of the academic year 2004/2005. This teaching experiment has been the object of evaluation by the students as part of their coursework and has consisted of the use of the groupware system KnowCat, by which the students prepare a repository of documents related to topics and themes associated with the subject matter (Artificial Intelligence). During the process of elaboration both the votes for the best documents and the annotation made about them play an essential role. These documents are carried out exclusively by the students and they are who decide, by means of their activity, which of the documents presented are to be chosen as representative of the entire collection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 308,316, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20114 [source] GOLD infrastructure for virtual organizationsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 11 2008P. Periorellis Abstract The paper discusses the GOLD project (Grid-based Information Models to Support the Rapid Innovation of New High Value-Added Chemicals) whose principal aim is to carry out research and development into enabling technologies to support the formation, operation and termination of virtual organizations. The paper discusses the outcome of this research, which is the GOLD Middleware infrastructure. The infrastructure has been implemented in the form of a set of Middleware components, which address issues such as trust, security, contract monitoring and enforcement, information management and coordination. We discuss all these issues in turn and more importantly we demonstrate how current WS standards can be used to implement these issues. In addition, the paper follows a top down approach starting with a brief outline on the architectural elements derived during the requirements engineering phase and demonstrates how these elements were mapped onto actual services that were implemented according to service-oriented architecture principles and related technologies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Information Processing and Firm-Internal Environment Contingencies: Performance Impact on Global New Product DevelopmentCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2010Elko Kleinschmidt Innovation in its essence is an information processing activity. Thus, a major factor impacting the success of new product development (NPD) programs, especially those responding to global markets, is the firm's ability to access, share and apply NPD information, which is often widely dispersed, functionally, geographically and culturally. To this end, an IT-communication strength is essential, one that is nested in an internal organizational environment that ensures its effective functioning. Using organizational information processing (OIP) theory as a framework, superior global NPD program performance is shown to result from an effective IT/Communication strength and the commitment components of the firm's internal environment, which are hypothesized to moderate this relationship. IT/Communication strength is identified in this study in terms of two components including the IT/Comm Infrastructure and IT/Comm Capability of the firm, whereas the moderating internal environment of the firm incorporates Resource Commitment and Senior Management Involvement. Data from a major empirical study of international NPD programs (382 SBUs) are used to develop and test this model. Based on a hierarchical regression analysis, the results are substantially supportive, with some unexpected findings. These shed light on the complex relationships of the firm's internal environment, OIP competency, and global NPD program performance. [source] Managing for Innovation: The Two Faces of Tension in Creative ClimatesCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2010Scott G. Isaksen Part of managing for innovation is creating the appropriate climate so that people can share and build upon each other's ideas and suggestions. Yet, there are increasing pressures and potential unproductive levels of tension within organizations. This article points out the distinction between two forms of tension that appear within the research on organizational climates for creativity as well as the conflict management literature. The Debate dimension is described as reflecting a more productive idea tension and the Conflict dimension suggests a more non-productive personal tension. A series of studies, across multiple levels of analysis, are summarized and a new study is reported in order to highlight the finding that relatively higher levels of Debate, and lower levels of Conflict are more conducive to organizational creativity and innovation. A practical model for the constructive use of differences is shared, along with a few strategies for reducing the negative tension associated with Conflict and increasing the positive aspects associated with Debate. [source] Teaching the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation: Experimenting with Team Learning and Cross-Organizational IntegrationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2009Miia Martinsuo How can the extremely uncertain front end of innovation , managing the fuzzy front end , be taught to graduate students? This paper describes and analyses experiments with experiential, problem-based learning focused on the front end of innovation. The focus is on the learning and cross-organizational integration of student teams; factors that have been identified as central to the success of teams involved in the front end of innovation. An experiential course, ,From an idea to a business plan in product development', was developed in conjunction with an actual company, and piloted with four student groups in 2007 and 2008. Data on this novel course were collected through participant observation, team self-assessment and questionnaires. This paper reports favourable results for the effectiveness of the course design; it discusses the impact of team size and cross-organizational team composition on team performance; and identifies the implications for teaching the front end of innovation. [source] Managing the Efficiency-Flexibility Tension in Innovation: Strategic and Organizational AspectsCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2009Mats Magnusson First page of article [source] Opening up the Solution Space: The Role of Analogical Thinking for Breakthrough Product InnovationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008Oliver Gassmann The purpose of this paper is to investigate the approach of analogical thinking for product innovation. We collected data on projects from four engineering firms where analogical thinking was successfully applied for the development of breakthrough innovations. Results show that abstracting the problem by in-depth technical and contextual analysis is pivotal when searching for analogical solutions. Furthermore, the chances of identifying highly novel analogous solutions are increased if the problem is abstracted to the level of its structural similarities to other settings. We also found that the identification of structural similarities is supported when firms not only rely on the cognitive abilities of the individual but also employ an active search based on abstract search terms. Based on these insights, we propose a process model for the development of product innovations by means of analogical thinking. [source] Exploration and Exploitation in Innovation: Reframing the InterpretationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008Ying Li There has been a burgeoning literature about exploitation and exploration since March's seminal article in 1991. However, in reviewing the extant literature we find different interpretations of both concepts leading to ambiguity and even some inconsistency. This paper focuses in particular on the interpretation of exploration and exploitation in the literature on technological innovation. It addresses two critical research questions. First, what are the different interpretations of exploitation and exploration? Second, how can we set up a framework that reconciles these differences and reduces the ambiguity that we find in the literature? To answer these two questions, we first explain what the root causes of these different viewpoints are. Second, we provide a theoretical framework that integrates the different perspectives, sets up a new typology to define exploration and exploitation, identifies white spaces in the current research and provides guidance for future research. [source] Continuous and Discontinuous Innovation: Overcoming the Innovator DilemmaCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007Mariano Corso Challenged by competition pressures and unprecedented pace of change, firms can no longer choose whether to concentrate on the needs of today's customers or on the anticipation of those of tomorrow: they must be excellent in both. This requires managing two related balancing acts: on the one side, being excellent in both exploitation and exploration of their capabilities and, on the other side, being excellent in managing both incremental and radical innovation. These balances are critical since exploitation and exploration, on the one side, and incremental and radical innovation, on the other, require different approaches that have traditionally been considered difficult to combine within the same organization. Working on evidence and discussion from the 7th CINet Conference held in Lucca (Italy) in 2006, this Special Section is aimed at contributing to theory and practice on these two complex balancing acts that today represent a hot issue in innovation management. [source] Intellectual Property Law and Innovation , By W. van CaenegemCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007Antoni Brack No abstract is available for this article. [source] Organizing for Continuous Innovation: On the Sustainability of Ambidextrous OrganizationsCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2005Bart Van Looy Organizing for innovation does not present itself as a straightforward exercise. The complexities entailed when implementing an innovation strategy can be related directly to the multitude of objectives it comprises. Recently, several scholars have advanced the notions of semi- or quasi-structures and ambidextrous organizations to handle these multiple requirements. These organizational forms imply the simultaneous presence of different activities, exhibiting differences in technology and market maturation. As a consequence, financial returns will reflect this diversified resource allocation pattern. Moreover, as higher levels of complexity are being introduced; ambidextrous organizations will encounter additional, organizational, costs. Compared to organizations that focus on the most profitable part of the portfolio, ambidextrous organizations , ceteris paribus , tend to be inferior in terms of financial returns. Within this contribution we explore under which conditions ambidextrous organizations can outperform focused firms; considered a prerequisite for their sustainability. In order to do so, we develop an analytical framework depicting the differential value dynamics, focused and ambidextrous firms can enact. Our findings reveal the relevancy of adopting extended time frames as well as introducing interface management practices aimed at cross-fertilization. Finally, the synergetic potential of (underlying) technologies comes to the forefront as necessary in order for ambidextrous organizations to become sustainable. [source] Innovation and HRM: Towards an Integrated FrameworkCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2005Jan De Leede This paper explores the connection between innovation (management) and human resource management. Much has been written about the both concepts separately, but there is no integrated conceptual framework available for the combination of the two. Our goal here is to develop such a framework. We do this in a number of steps, starting with a presentation of the existing approaches and models with respect to innovation (management) and HRM. This is followed by a search for the linkage between the two traditions, as a starting point for an integrated model and an in-depth case study regarding the link between innovation and HRM, in order to further develop our model. We conclude with the presentation of our model and with suggestions for further research. [source] Managing People to Promote InnovationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2005Helen Shipton There is growing evidence available to suggest that Human Resource Management (HRM) practice is an important predictor of organizational performance. Drawing upon organizational learning perspectives, we argue that HRM systems also have the potential to promote organizational innovation. We present longitudinal data from thirty-five UK manufacturing organizations to suggest that effective HRM systems , incorporating sophisticated approaches to recruitment and selection, induction, appraisal and training , predict organizational innovation in products and production technology. We further show that organizational innovation is enhanced where there is a supportive learning climate, and inhibited (for innovation in production processes) where there is a link between appraisal and remuneration. [source] Trust and Innovation: from Spin-Off Idea to Stock ExchangeCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2004Marko Kohtamäki Trust among entrepreneurs, their co-workers and between the entrepreneurs and their business partners plays a key role in the early stages of formation of a new company. In this piece of research, trust is defined as a belief consisting of eight trusting beliefs, emphasising the rational consideration between these beliefs and other situational factors. The concept of trust is developed through objects, mechanisms and antecedents. The present paper is an empirical exploration of these phenomena in the context of innovativeness in a high-tech company. The goal is to describe the role, content and impact of trust at the different stages of a business evolution process. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||