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Inner Portion (inner + portion)
Selected AbstractsRapid and accurate identification of microorganisms contaminating cosmetic products based on DNA sequence homologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005Y. Fujita Synopsis The aim of this study was to develop rapid and accurate procedures to identify microorganisms contaminating cosmetic products, based on the identity of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA coding DNA (rDNA). Five types of microorganisms were isolated from the inner portion of lotion bottle caps, skin care lotions, and cleansing gels. The rDNA ITS region of microorganisms was amplified through the use of colony-direct PCR or ordinal PCR using DNA extracts as templates. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified DNA were determined and subjected to homology search of a publicly available DNA database. Thereby, we obtained DNA sequences possessing high similarity with the query sequences from the databases of all the five organisms analyzed. The traditional identification procedure requires expert skills, and a time period of approximately 1 month to identify the microorganisms. On the contrary, 3,7 days were sufficient to complete all the procedures employed in the current method, including isolation and cultivation of organisms, DNA sequencing, and the database homology search. Moreover, it was possible to develop the skills necessary to perform the molecular techniques required for the identification procedures within 1 week. Consequently, the current method is useful for rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms, contaminating cosmetics. Résumé Le but de cette étude est de développer une procédure rapide et fiable pour identifier les micro-organismes contaminant les produits cosmétiques. Cette procédure repose sur l'identification des séquences des nucléotides des espaceurs transcrits internes (Internal Transcribed Spacer ou région ITS), de l'ADN codant pour l'ARN ribosomique (rADN). Cinq types de micro-organismes sont isolés sur la partie intérieure des bouchons des flacons de lotions pour le soin de la peau et de gels lavants. Les régions ITS rADN des micro-organismes sont amplifiées grâce à l'utilisation de la méthode ,colony-direct PCR, ou ,ordinal PCR, en utilisant les extraits d'ADN comme matrices. Les séquences de nucléotides de l'ADN amplifiées sont évaluées et soumises à une recherche homologique dans une librairie d'ADN disponible au public. Ainsi, grâce aux bases de données, nous obtenons des séquences d'ADN qui possèdent une similaritéélevée avec les séquences recherchées des cinq organismes analysés. La procédure d'identification classique exige des compétences d'experts et une période d'environ un mois pour identifier les micro-organismes. D'autre part, il faut 3 à 7 jours pour terminer toutes les procédures utilisées dans la méthode ici décrite, y compris l'isolation et la culture des organismes, le séquençage de l'ADN et la recherche dermatologique dans les bases de données. De plus, il est possible en 1 semaine de développer les compétences nécessaires pour mettre en ,uvre les techniques moléculaires requises pour les procédures d'identification. Cette méthode est donc utile pour une identification rapide et fiable des micro-organismes qui contaminent les cosmétiques. [source] Differential localization of laminin ,2 and integrin ,4 in primary cultures of the rat gingival epitheliumJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Michie Tanno Objectives:, The aim of this study was to investigate the differential immunolocalization of laminin ,2 and integrin ,4 in primary cultures of the rat gingival epithelium. Methods:, The gingival epithelium was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats and was cultured in serum-free keratinocyte growth medium (DK-SFM). Western blotting analysis, immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and immuno-gold labeling for laminin ,2 and integrin ,4 were employed. CLSM images for laminin and integrin were analyzed in horizontal (x,y axis) and in vertical (x,z axis) sections. Results:, Both laminin ,2 and integrin ,4 were detected by Western blot analysis in the gingival epithelium. Immunolocalization of laminin ,2 was distinct in the cytoplasm to form one or two irregular rings in gingival epithelial cells. By contrast, integrin ,4 was localized diffusely in the cytoplasm. F-actin (indicating actin filaments) was clearly discernible at the periphery of the cytoplasm to form a cellular fringe. In x,z axis images obtained by CLSM, laminin ,2 was recognized as large foci in the most inner portion just above the basal plasma membrane. Integrin ,4 existed in the area where F-actin was labeled surrounding the membrane. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that 10nm colloidal gold particles indicating laminin ,2 were mainly localized at the extracellular portion and in the peripheral cytoplasm, whereas integrin ,4 was distributed in the cytoplasm close to the basal plasma membrane but not in extracellular regions. Conclusions:, In primary cultures of the rat gingival epithelium, both laminin ,2 and integrin ,4 may be produced by the epithelium, and irregular rings of laminin ,2 are formed in areas where gingival cells adhere to the extracellular matrix. [source] X-ray reflection in accreting stellar-mass black hole systemsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2007R. R. Ross ABSTRACT The X-ray spectra of accreting stellar-mass black hole systems exhibit spectral features due to reflection, especially broad iron K, emission lines. We investigate the reflection by the accretion disc that can be expected in the high/soft state of such a system. First, we perform a self-consistent calculation of the reflection that results from illumination of a hot, inner portion of the disc with its atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium. Then, we present reflection spectra for a range of illumination strengths and disc temperatures under the assumption of a constant-density atmosphere. Reflection by a hot accretion disc differs in important ways from that of a much cooler disc, such as that expected in an active galactic nucleus. [source] The haloes of planetary nebulae in the mid-infrared: evidence for interaction with the interstellar mediumMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 2 2009G. Ramos-Larios ABSTRACT The motion of planetary nebulae through the interstellar medium (ISM) is thought to lead to a variety of observational consequences, including the formation of bright rims, deformation and fragmentation of the shells, and a shift of the central stars away from the geometric centres of the envelopes. These and other characteristics have been noted through imaging in the visual wavelength regime. We report further observations of such shells taken in the mid-infrared (MIR), acquired through programmes of Infrared Array Camera imaging undertaken using the SpitzerSpace Telescope. NGC 2440 and NGC 6629 are shown to possess likely interacting haloes, together with ram-pressure-stripped material to one side of their shells. Similarly, the outer haloes of NGC 3242 and NGC 6772 appear to have been fragmented through Rayleigh,Taylor (RT) instabilities, leading to a possible flow of ISM material towards the inner portions of their envelopes. If this interpretation is correct, then it would suggest that NGC 3242 is moving towards the NE, a suggestion which is also supported through the presence of a 60 ,m tail extending in the opposite direction, and curved bands of H, emission in the direction of motion , components which may arise through RT instabilities in the magnetized ISM. NGC 2438 possesses strong scalloping at the outer limits of its asymptotic giant branch (AGB) halo, probably reflecting RT instabilities at the nebular/ISM interface We also note that the interior structure of the source has been interpreted in terms of a recombining shell, a hypothesis which may not be consistent with the central star luminosities. Finally, we point out that two of the rims (and likely shock interfaces) appear to have a distinct signature in the MIR, whereby relative levels of 8.0 ,m emission are reduced. This may imply that the grain emission agents are depleted in the post-shock AGB regimes. [source] | ||||||||||