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Injection Condition (injection + condition)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Engineering	100%

Selected Abstracts

Selection of injection conditions for aluminum particles as a raw material by numerical analysis in the synthesis of ultrafine particles with transferred type arc plasma

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2010
Shizue Furukawa
Abstract We investigated by numerical analysis the dependence of vaporization behavior of aluminum particles injected into transferred type arc plasma on injection conditions in synthesis of aluminum nitride ultra fine particles. On the basis of calculation results, we chose one proper injection condition where aluminum particles vaporized more. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 46,52, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20852 [source]

An experimental investigation on manifold-injected hydrogen as a dual fuel for diesel engine system with different injection duration

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 15 2009
N. Saravanan
Abstract Stringent emission norms and rapid depletion of petroleum resources have resulted in a continuous effort to search for alternative fuels. Hydrogen is one of the best alternatives for conventional fuels. Hydrogen has both the benefits and limitation to be used as a fuel in an automotive engine system. In the present investigation, hydrogen was injected into the intake manifold by using a hydrogen gas injector and diesel was introduced in the conventional, mode which also acts as an ignition source for hydrogen combustion. The flow rate of hydrogen was set at 5.5,l,min,1 at all the load conditions. The injection timing was kept constant at top dead center (TDC) and injection duration was adjusted to find the optimized injection condition. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine coupled to an electrical generator. At 75% load the maximum brake thermal efficiency for hydrogen operation at injection timing of TDC and with injection duration of 30°CA is 25.66% compared with 21.59% for diesel. The oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emission are 21.7,g,kWh,1 for hydrogen compared with diesel of 17.9,g,k,Wh,1. Smoke emissions reduced to 1 Bosch smoke number (BSN) in hydrogen compared with diesel of 2.2 BSN. Hydrogen operation in the dual fuel mode with diesel exhibits a better performance and reduction in emissions compared with diesel in the entire load spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Subtraction of scattering parameters for adiabatic intrinsic responses of semiconductor lasers

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2008
S. J. Zhang
Abstract Thermal effects will make chip temperature change with bias current of semiconductor lasers, which results in inaccurate intrinsic response by the conventional subtraction method. In this article, an extended subtraction method of scattering parameters for characterizing adiabatic responses of laser diode is proposed. The pulsed injection operation is used to determine the chip temperature of packaged semiconductor laser, and an optimal injection condition is obtained by investigating the dependence of the lasing wavelength on the width and period of the injection pulse in a relatively wide temperature range. In this case, the scattering parameters of laser diode are measured on adiabatic condition and the adiabatic intrinsic responses of packaged laser diode are first extracted. It is found that the adiabatic intrinsic responses are evidently superior to those without thermal consideration. The analysis results indicate that inclusion of thermal effects is necessary to acquire accurate intrinsic responses of semiconductor lasers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 992,995, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23278 [source]

Selection of injection conditions for aluminum particles as a raw material by numerical analysis in the synthesis of ultrafine particles with transferred type arc plasma

Two-phase flow convective condensation of refrigerant mixtures under gas/liquid injection

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 15 2005
Samuel M. Sami
Abstract The influence of gas/liquid injection on two-phase flow condensation heat transfer characteristics of some refrigerant mixtures in horizontal enhanced surface tubing is presented. Correlations were proposed to predict the impact of the gas/liquid injection on the heat transfer characteristics such as average heat transfer coefficient of R-507, R-404A, R-410A, and R-407C in two-phase flow condensation inside enhanced surface tubing. The data also revealed that gas, liquid and gas/liquid injection is beneficial at certain gas/liquid injection ratios to the heat transfer coefficient depending upon the Reynolds number and the condensation point of the refrigerant mixtures in question. It was also evident that the proposed condensation correlations and the experimental data were applicable to the entire heat and mass flux, investigated in the present study under gas/liquid injection conditions. The deviation between the experimental and predicted under gas/liquid injection were less than ± 10, for the majority of data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]