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Initial Years (initial + year)
Selected AbstractsReconnecting: The Client Experience of Recovery From PsychosisPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 4 2003Cheryl Forchuk PhD PROBLEM To understand the experience of recovery from psychosis from the consumer/client perspective. METHODS A naturalistic, qualitative design with an ethnographic method for data analysis. Subjects (N = 10) were interviewed prior to and during the initial year of treatment with clozapine or risperidone. FINDINGS Participants described recovery from psychosis as a process that started with improvements in their thinking and feeling, and extended to a series of reconnections with their environment. These reconnections included staff and family. Thinking moved from being focused on their internal self to a larger world. CONCLUSIONS A person's recovery from psychosis involves the entire self, bringing all components of physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of themselves into their experiences of life. [source] The European Commission on Factors Influencing Labor MigrationPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2001Article first published online: 27 JAN 200 A controversial issue in discussions on enlargement of the European Union beyond its existing membership of 15 countries is the migration flows that admission of new members could generate. Given major differences in income and wage levels between the EU states and the candidates for membership, casual theorizing suggests that the potential for massive international migration is very high. The fact that such migration has thus far been of modest size by most plausible criteria is attributed to the restrictive policies of the potential destination countries, policies that reflect national interests, in particular protection of labor markets, as perceived by voting majorities. With accession to membership in the EU this factor is removed: a cardinal principle of the Union, established by treaty, is the free movement of persons, including persons seeking gainful employment. The factors governing migratory movements between member states then come to resemble those that shape internal migration. This should facilitate analysis and forecasting. A clear sorting-out of the relevant forces affecting such "internal" migration remains of course an essential precondition for success in that task. An "Information note," entitled The Free Movement of Workers in the Context of Enlargement, issued by the European Commission, the EU's Executive Body, on 6 March 2001, presents extensive discussion of relevant information, opinion, and policy options concerning its topic. (The document is available at «http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlarge-ment/docs/pdf/migration_enl.pdf».) An Annex to the document. Factors Influencing Labour Movement, is a lucid enumeration of the factors migration theory considers operative in determining the migration of workers and, by extension, of people at large, that is likely to ensue upon EU enlargement. This annex is reproduced below. As is evident from the catalog of factors and their likely complex interactions, making quantitative forecasts of future migration flows, envisaged primarily as originating from countries to be newly admitted to the EU and destined for the countries of the current EU15, is exceedingly difficult. This is reflected in disparities among the existing studies that have made such forecasts. Yet there appears to be a fair degree of agreement that major increases in migration are unlikely, suggesting that the overall effect on the EU15 labor market should be limited. Typical forecasts (detailed in the Information note cited above) anticipate that in the initial year after admission, taken to be 2003, total migration from the eight prime candidate countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: the "CC8") might amount to around 200,000 persons, roughly one-third of which would be labor migration. According to these forecasts, the annual flow will gradually diminish in subsequent years. After 10 to 15 years the stock of CC8 migrants in the EU15 might be on the order of 1.8 to 2.7 million. The longer-run migration potential from the candidate countries would be on the order of 1 percent of the present EU population, currently some 375 million. (The combined current population of the CC8 is 74 million.) Such predictions are in line with the relatively minor migratory movements that followed earlier admissions to the EU of countries with then markedly lower per capita incomes, such as Spain and Portugal. The geographic impact of migration ensuing from enlargement would, however, be highly uneven, with Germany and Austria absorbing a disproportionately large share. Accordingly, and reflecting a prevailing expectation in these two countries that enlargement would have some short-run disruptive effects on labor markets, some of the policy options discussed envisage a period of transition following enlargement,perhaps five to seven years,during which migration would remain subject to agreed-upon restrictions. [source] Reforms And Performance of the Medical Systems in the Transition States of the Former Soviet Union and Eastern EuropeINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 2-3 2001Christopher Davis The States of the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe inherited acute health problems and introduced numerous reforms in their health sectors in the 1990s. In the initial years of transition most countries experienced increases in morbidity and mortality that were caused by deterioration in health conditions (demographic, consumption, social, environmental) and deficiencies in medical systems. The latter were the result of malfunctioning economies, continued low priority status of health, and ineffective health reforms. Although health trends in the East have become more positive in recent years, they are unlikely to converge rapidly with those in western Europe unless health sector institutions in transition countries are allocated more resources and improve their efficiency and effectiveness. [source] Monitoring indicators of health care quality by means of a hospital register of tumoursJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2008Maximino Redondo MD PhD Abstract Rationale, Hospital registers of tumours provide, on a continuous basis, information on differences in patterns of neoplasias and the results of the treatment strategies employed. Objective, In view of the scant publications on measures of health care quality in hospital tumour registers, the aim of our paper is to present the outcome of a study to monitor the results related to health care quality in oncology. Methods, Data are presented for cases recorded at the Hospital Costa del Sol over a period of 8 years. The sources of information are fundamentally the patient's medical record and the database of the Pathology Department. Results, A high proportion of patients (mean 50%, range 45,68%) were admitted to the hospital by the Emergency Department; there was a notably long delay between the appearance of the first symptoms and the occasion of the first hospital visit (median 65 days; range 60,75 days). Particularly striking was the corresponding delay for breast cancer patients, in most cases superior to 3 months. As was the case for the percentage of admissions by the Emergency Department, most of the indicators evaluated in this study present a significant improvement compared with the initial years of the Hospital Register of Tumours. Thus, non anatomic-pathological diagnoses represented around 7% (range 3,13%), while 43% of patients (range 28,57%) were given adjuvant treatment in the form of radiation therapy or chemotherapy. In 40% of cases (range 20,50%), the tumour stage was included in the clinical record by the doctor who was treating the patient (in the remaining cases, these data were recorded by the Tumour Registry); the date of appearance of the first symptoms was included in the medical record in 65% of cases (range 54,80%). According to the stage classification, the following 5-year survival rates were recorded: (I) 98%, (II) 94%, (III) 69% and (IV) 39% for breast cancer; (I) 93%, (II) 83%, (III) 68% and (IV) 12% for cancer of the colon; and (I) 100%, (II) 94%, (III) 79% and (IV) 53% for prostate cancer. Conclusion, The high percentage of patients admitted by the Emergency Department and the long delay between the appearance of the first symptoms reflect the deficient attention paid to this problem by patients and by primary health care services. Our results suggest that the Hospital Register of Tumours could constitute an excellent tool for monitoring the quality of health care systems for oncological patients. [source] Louis Olivier: A Mathematician Only Known Through his Publications in Crelle's Journal During the 1820sCENTAURUS, Issue 3 2006Henrik Kragh Sørensen Apart from a single ,faulty' result, none of these works have received much interest from historians of mathematics. Nevertheless, Olivier's mathematical production invites historical analysis as it provides the historian with a perspective on the mathematics of the 1820s that is perhaps more typical than the works of the now famous mathematicians. Although he contributed no great new insights into geometry, algebra, or analysis, Olivier dealt with all these topics, in particular with discussions that were up in his time. His publications were not so much aimed at presenting new research but rather with disseminating the established knowledge. As such, they fitted the ambitions that A. L. Crelle (1780,1855) had set for his new journal in 1826. After two productive years with the journal, Olivier faded into complete oblivion soon after 1828. The available sources offer no reason for this. However, Olivier's publications and the development of the journal during its initial years suggest an explanation why his contributions stopped. [source] | |||||||||||||