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Initial Day (initial + day)
Selected AbstractsShelf Life and Microbial Quality of Fresh-cut Mango Cubes Stored in High CO2 AtmospheresJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2005Jutatip Poubol ABSTRACT: Fresh-cut,Carabao'and,Nam Dokmai'mango cubes were stored in air or in high CO2 atmospheres (3%, 5%, and 10%) at 5 °C and 13 °C. Freshly sliced,Carabao'mango cubes had a lower respiration rate and total bacterial count and higher L-ascorbic acid content and firmness than,Nam Dokmai'mango cubes. The shelf life of fresh-cut mango, based on browning discoloration and water-soaked appearance, was 6 d at 5 °C and 4 d at 13 °C for,Carabao'and 2 d at 5 °C and less than 1 d at 13 °C for,Nam Dokmai'. High CO2 atmospheres retarded the development of water-soaked,Carabao'cubes at 5 °C and 13 °C and,Nam Dokmai'cubes at 5 °C. Texture of,Carabao'cubes was enhanced by high CO2, but ethanol and L-ascorbic acid contents were not affected at 5 °C and 13 °C. Total bacterial count was lower in,Carabao'cubes than in,Nam Dokmai'cubes during storage at both temperatures, and a 10% CO2 only reduced the bacterial count on,Carabao'and,Nam Dokmai'cubes stored at 13 °C. Bacterial flora in,Nam Dokmai'mango cubes consisted mostly of Gram-negative rods assigned primarily to phytopathogenic bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans and Burkholderia cepacia. The genera of bacteria isolated from cubes stored in 10% CO2 were similar to those from cubes on the initial day. [source] Patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease before the fifth day of illness have a higher risk of coronary artery aneurysmPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2002Yuichi Nomura Abstract Background: A fever lasting for at least 5 days is an essential characteristic of the original diagnostic criteria ofKawasaki disease (KD). However, it is not difficult for an experienced physician to confirm the diagnosis of KD before the fifth day offever. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of intravenous gamma globulin therapy (IVGG) in KD initiated before the fifth day of illness. Methods: A total of 125 patients treated with IVGG were divided into group A (IVGG was initiated before the fifth dayof illness, n= 46) and group B (IVGG was initiated at the fifth day or after, n= 79). Patients' characteristics,laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: White blood cell count value, C-reactive protein and Harada's score showed no difference between thegroups. A significantly higher average value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in group A. Although the treatments were identicalin both groups, the average duration of fever from the initial day of IVGG in group A was significantly longer than in group B. Theincidence of aneurysm in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. Stepwise regression analysis using aneurysm as a dependentvariable revealed that group A and ALT were significant. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with KD before the fifth day of illness showed a poor response to IVGG. This observationmight be related to high ALT values. Further examination concerning the modification of treatment in such patients is necessary. [source] Pulmonary responses and recovery following single and repeated inhalation exposure of rats to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate aerosolsJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Joanne D. Kilgour Abstract Acute and repeated inhalation exposures (for 28 days) to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) were performed in rats. Investigations were made at the end of exposures and after 3, 10 and 30 days of recovery following single acute exposures and after 30 days of recovery following 28 days of exposure. Acute exposures to 10, 30 or 100 mg m,3 PMDI produced clinical signs in all animals that were consistent with exposure to irritant aerosols. An exposure concentration-related body weight loss and increase in lung weight were seen post-exposure, with complete recovery by day 8. The time course of changes in the lung over the initial days following exposure consisted of a pattern of initial toxicity, rapid and heavy influx of inflammatory cells and soluble markers of inflammation and cell damage, increased lung surfactant, a subsequent recovery and epithelial proliferative phase and, finally, a return to the normal status quo of the lung. During these stages there was evidence for perturbation of lung surfactant homeostasis, demonstrated by increased amounts of crystalline surfactant and increased number and size of lamellar bodies within type II alveolar cells. Repeated exposure over 28 days to the less toxic concentrations of 1, 4 or 10 mg m,3 PMDI produced no clinical signs or body weight changes, but an increase in lung weight was seen in animals exposed to 10 mg m,3, which resolved following the 30-day recovery period. Other effects seen were again consistent with exposure to irritant aerosols, but were less severe than those seen in the acute study. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed similar changes to those seen in the acute study. At both 10 and 4 mg m,3 PMDI increased numbers of ,foamy' macrophages in lung lavage cell pellet correlated with the increased phospholipid content of the pellet. Changes in lung lavage parameters and electron microscopic evidence again suggested perturbations in surfactant homeostasis. Histologically, bronchiolitis and thickening of the central acinar regions was seen at 10 and 4 mg m,3, reflecting changes in cell proliferation in the terminal bronchioles and centro-acinar regions. Almost all effects seen had recovered by day 30 post-exposure. Both acute and subacute studies demonstrate rapid recovery of effects in the lung following exposure to PMDI, with no progression of these effects even at concentrations higher than those shown to produce tumours in a chronic study. These findings add weight to the hypothesis that pulmonary tumours seen following chronic exposure to PMDI are most likely due to a combination of the chronic irritant effects of repeated exposure, coupled with the presence of insoluble polyureas formed by polymerization of PMDI (found in studies reported here and previous chronic studies), and therefore acute or short-term exposures to PMDI are likely to be of little concern for long-term pulmonary health. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Consecutive monitoring of sleep disturbance for four nights at the top of Mt Fuji (3776 m)PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 2 2005KOH MIZUNO phd Abstract, The purpose of the present study was to conduct consecutive monitoring of sleep from the second to the fifth night at altitude. Three healthy male subjects climbed the top of Mt Fuji (3776 m) and stayed there for 6 days. Polysomnographic recordings were performed during this period and control recordings were made at sea level 1 month after the mountaineering. Disturbed sleep characterized by an increased number of arousals and/or long wake time was observed to persist through the fifth night in all subjects. These results suggest that sleep disturbance might persist during initial days at altitude despite cumulating sleep pressure due to poor night's sleep. [source] | |||||||||||||