Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Improved Access (improved + access)
Selected AbstractsIS EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY POLITICALLY FEASIBLE?ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 1 2005Stefan Zink We develop a political-economy model where the amount of education subsidies is determined in a majority vote and spending is financed by revenues from taxation. Our analysis demonstrates that limiting the extent of subsidization and thus excluding the poor from gaining enough education can be a political equilibrium. Despite being the main beneficiaries of subsidies, the politically decisive middle class hesitates to extend monetary benefits, since improved access to higher education diminishes the return to education. Moreover, a non-monotone relation between inequality and the extent of redistribution through tax-financed educational subsidies obtains. [source] The future of magnetic resonance-based techniques in neurologyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2001European Federation of Neurological Societies Task Force Magnetic resonance techniques have become increasingly important in neurology for defining: 1,brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve or muscle structure; 2,pathological changes in tissue structures and properties; and 3,dynamic patterns of functional activation of the brain. New applications have been driven in part by advances in hardware, particularly improvements in magnet and gradient coil design. New imaging strategies allow novel approaches to contrast with, for example, diffusion imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, perfusion imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In parallel with developments in hardware and image acquisition have been new approaches to image analysis. These have allowed quantitative descriptions of the image changes to be used for a precise, non-invasive definition of pathology. With the increasing capabilities and specificity of magnetic resonance techniques it is becoming more important that the neurologist is intimately involved in both the selection of magnetic resonance studies for patients and their interpretation. There is a need for considerably improved access to magnetic resonance technology, particularly in the acute or intensive care ward and in the neurosurgical theatre. This report illustrates several key developments. The task force concludes that magnetic resonance imaging is a major clinical tool of growing significance and offers recommendations for maximizing the potential future for magnetic resonance techniques in neurology. [source] The Unfolding Trends and Consequences of Expanding Higher Education in Ethiopia: Massive Universities, Massive ChallengesHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2009Kedir Assefa Tessema Abstract There have been significant increases in the number of universities and student enrollments in the last fifteen years in Ethiopia. The numerical gains have brought about improved access to higher education for students. The expansion has also diversified fields of study and opened opportunities to pursue higher degrees to a significant number of students. Furthermore, the opportunity created for the university staff includes increased university job security, positions in the university leadership and scholarships for PhD degrees. On the other hand, the downside effects of the massification have worsened the conditions of university teaching staff. Among others, it has resulted in increasing work load and extended work schedules for academic staff. A managerialist culture has evolved that measures teaching against instrumental outcomes. There is a sense of deprofessionalisation and deskilling among staff manifested in practices that are disconnections from professional knowledge, skills and attitudes. As staff are increasingly over-engaged, by taking more weekly class hours and managerial responsibilities, less ,down time' is available to keeping with developments in their fields of specialisation and practice [source] Enantioselective separation of chiral vicinal diols in capillary electrophoresis using a mono-6A -aminoethylamino-,-cyclodextrin as a chiral selectorJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 1 2009Peng Liu Abstract This paper describes an improved access to mono-6A -aminoethylamino-,-CD (,-CDen), a very efficient cationic chiral selector for CZE in the separation of eight chiral aromatic vicinal diols. The ,-CDen concentration has a strong influence on the efficiency of enantioseparation. The effects of the pH and concentration of the BGE, the capillary temperature, and the applied voltage on the resolution and separation selectivity have been studied. Excellent chiral resolution was achieved under the optimal conditions of ,-CDen 10 mM, pH 10, 200 mM borate buffer at 15 kV and 20°C within 20 min. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the enantiomeric purity of the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) reaction products. [source] Aspects of tooth decay in recently arrived refugeesAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2000Dell Kingsford Smith Objective:To measure and compare the prevalence and distribution of tooth decay among two refugee groups recently arrived in Australia. Method:The study included refugees aged 15,44 years from Iraq and the former Yugoslavia and random, age-matched social security recipients attending for emergency dental care in 1996. Results:In younger persons, former Yugoslavian refugees had significantly greater decay experience than Iraqis and emergency care recipients. Refugees had significantly more untreated decay than emergency care recipients and a similar distribution of untreated decayed teeth, with only 15% having none and more than 10% having high decay levels. More than 33% of emergency care recipients had no untreated decay and less than 5% had high levels. Conclusion:Significant differences were found between refugees and emergency dental care recipients, with refugees having a higher prevalence and more uniform distribution of untreated decay. Implications:Consistent with public health objectives, the finding that refugees had significantly more untreated decay than other disadvantaged Australians provides support for improved access to dental care during the settlement period. [source] Site-Specific Investigation of the Steady-State Kinetics and Dynamics of the Multistep Binding of Bile Acid Molecules to a Lipid Carrier ProteinCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 37 2010Dr. Clelia Cogliati Abstract The investigation of multi-site ligand,protein binding and multi-step mechanisms is highly demanding. In this work, advanced NMR methodologies such as 2D 1H,15N line-shape analysis, which allows a reliable investigation of ligand binding occurring on micro- to millisecond timescales, have been extended to model a two-step binding mechanism. The molecular recognition and complex uptake mechanism of two bile salt molecules by lipid carriers is an interesting example that shows that protein dynamics has the potential to modulate the macromolecule,ligand encounter. Kinetic analysis supports a conformational selection model as the initial recognition process in which the dynamics observed in the apo form is essential for ligand uptake, leading to conformations with improved access to the binding cavity. Subsequent multi-step events could be modelled, for several residues, with a two-step binding mechanism. The protein in the ligand-bound state still exhibits a conformational rearrangement that occurs on a very slow timescale, as observed for other proteins of the family. A global mechanism suggesting how bile acids access the macromolecular cavity is thus proposed. [source] Synthesis of chiral vicinal diols and analysis of them by capillary zone electrophoresisCHIRALITY, Issue 2 2008Peng Liu Abstract This paper describes an improved access to 1,4-bis (9- O -quininyl) phthalazine [(QN)2PHAL], a very useful chiral ligand for catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD), by using CaH2 as acid-binding reagent in a high yield under mild conditions. The application of (QN)2PHAL to the AD reactions of eight olefins exhibited excellent enantioselectivity and activity with corresponding chiral vicinal diols. Furthermore, a capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed to separate the aforementioned chiral vicinal diols by using of neutral ,-cyclodextrin (,-CD) as chiral selector and borate as running buffer. High resolution was achieved under the optimal conditions of ,-CD 2.2% (w/v), pH 10, 200 mM borate buffer at 15 kV, and 20°C within 15 min. The relative standard deviations of the corrected peak areas and migration time were less than 3.9% and 1.3%, respectively. In addition, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the purity and the enantiomeric excesses value (%ee) of the AD reaction products. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||