Important Regulatory Mechanism (important + regulatory_mechanism)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Runx1, c-Myb, and C/EBP, couple differentiation to proliferation or growth arrest during hematopoiesis

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2002
Alan D. Friedman
Abstract Immature hematopoietic precursors proliferate as they differentiate, whereas terminal differentiation is associated with cell cycle arrest. Stem cell lineage commitment and subseqent maturation is regulated predominantly by transcription factors. Runx1 and c-Myb act in early stage hematopoietic cells to both stimulate proliferation and differentiation, whereas C/EBP,, and perhaps other C/EBP family members, block progression from G1 to S and induce terminal maturation. Coupling of differentiation to either proliferation or growth arrest by transcription factors is likely an important regulatory mechanism in multiple developmental systems. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 624,629, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Cold stress and acclimation , what is important for metabolic adjustment?

PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
A. Janská
Abstract As sessile organisms, plants are unable to escape from the many abiotic and biotic factors that cause a departure from optimal conditions of growth and development. Low temperature represents one of the most harmful abiotic stresses affecting temperate plants. These species have adapted to seasonal variations in temperature by adjusting their metabolism during autumn, increasing their content of a range of cryo-protective compounds to maximise their cold tolerance. Some of these molecules are synthesised de novo. The down-regulation of some gene products represents an additional important regulatory mechanism. Ways in which plants cope with cold stress are described, and the current state of the art with respect to both the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants in the area of gene expression and metabolic pathways during low-temperature stress are discussed. [source]


Environmental and hormonal regulation of the activity,dormancy cycle in the cambial meristem involves stage-specific modulation of transcriptional and metabolic networks

THE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007
Nathalie Druart
Summary We have performed transcript and metabolite profiling of isolated cambial meristem cells of the model tree aspen during the course of their activity,dormancy cycle to better understand the environmental and hormonal regulation of this process in perennial plants. Considerable modulation of cambial transcriptome and metabolome occurs throughout the activity,dormancy cycle. However, in addition to transcription, post-transcriptional control is also an important regulatory mechanism as exemplified by the regulation of cell-cycle genes during the reactivation of cambial cell division in the spring. Genes related to cold hardiness display temporally distinct induction patterns in the autumn which could explain the step-wise development of cold hardiness. Factors other than low temperature regulate the induction of early cold hardiness-related genes whereas abscisic acid (ABA) could potentially regulate the induction of late cold hardiness-related genes in the autumn. Starch breakdown in the autumn appears to be regulated by the ,short day' signal and plays a key role in providing substrates for the production of energy, fatty acids and cryoprotectants. Catabolism of sucrose and fats provides energy during the early stages of reactivation in the spring, whereas the reducing equivalents are generated through activation of the pentose phosphate shunt. Modulation of gibberellin (GA) signaling and biosynthesis could play a key role in the regulation of cambial activity during the activity,dormancy cycle as suggested by the induction of PttRGA which encodes a negative regulator of growth in the autumn and that of a GA-20 oxidase, a key gibberellin biosynthesis gene during reactivation in spring. In summary, our data reveal the dynamics of transcriptional and metabolic networks and identify potential targets of environmental and hormonal signals in the regulation of the activity,dormancy cycle in cambial meristem. [source]


N-methyl- d -aspartate enhancement of the glycine response in the rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 5 2000
Tian-.
Abstract The effect of N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) on the glycine (Gly) response was examined in neurons acutely dissociated from the rat sacral dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCN) using the nystatin-perforated patch-recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions. The application of 100 ,m NMDA to SDCN neurons reversibly potentiated Gly-activated Cl, currents (IGly) without affecting the Gly binding affinity and the reversal potential of IGly. A selective NMDA receptor antagonist, APV (100 ,m), blocked the NMDA-induced potentiation of IGly, whereas 50 ,m CNQX, a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, did not. The potentiation effect was reduced when NMDA was applied in a Ca2+ -free extracellular solution or in the presence of BAPTA AM, and was independent of the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Pretreatment with KN-62, a selective Ca2+,calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor, abolished the NMDA action. Inhibition of calcineurin (CaN) further enhanced the NMDA-induced potentiation of IGly. In addition, the GABAA receptor-mediated currents were suppressed by NMDA receptor activation in the SDCN neurons. The present results show that Ca2+ entry through NMDA receptors modulates the Gly receptor function via coactivation of CaMKII and CaN in the rat SDCN neurons. This interaction may represent one of the important regulatory mechanisms of spinal nociception. The results also suggest that GABAA and Gly receptors may be subject to different intracellular modulatory pathways. [source]