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Import Competition (import + competition)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	60%
Humanities and Social Sciences	40%

Selected Abstracts

Import Competition and Employment in Japan: Plant Startup, Shutdown and Product Changes

THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2004
Eiichi Tomiura
This paper examines the relationship between import competition and employment during and after the recent Bubble period in Japan. Gross job flow data are combined with import data for 334 four-digit manufacturing industries. The estimates demonstrate that various modes of employment adjustment respond differently to changes in import prices. Job creation/destruction associated with plant startups/shutdowns was significantly sens-itive to import competition. Among plants continuously operating, job creation during the Bubble boom by plants that altered their product mix across industries was responsive to import price fluctuations, while job flows at plants that remained within the same industries were not. [source]

Import competition and firm refocusing

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2010
Runjuan Liu
Abstract Recent theoretical work predicts a new margin of firm adjustment to trade liberalization; that is, multi-product firms alter their product mix to focus on their core competencies in response to trade liberalization. Using detailed product data from U.S. public firms, I find strong empirical support for this prediction. Specifically, import competition leads multi-product firms to drop peripheral products to refocus on core production. The weaker the linkages that a peripheral product shares with the core (as measured by the extent of joint sales, joint procurement, joint production, and joint sectorship), the more likely the peripheral product is to be divested in response to import competition. Certains travaux théoriques récents prédisent une nouvelle marge d'ajustement de la firme à la libéralisation du commerce : les firmes multi-produits changent leur mix de produits pour se concentrer sur leurs compétences de base en réponse à la libéralisation du commerce. A partir de données détaillées sur les produits de firmes américaines, on découvre que cette prédiction a un fort support empirique. Spécifiquement, la concurrence de l'importation amène la firme multi-produits à laisser tomber des produits périphériques pour recentrer sa production sur son noyau dur de compétences. Plus faibles sont les liens que partage un produit périphérique avec le noyau dur (mesuré par l'étendue des ventes communes, des approvisionnements conjoints, de la production liée, de la participation au même secteur) plus est grande la probabilité qu'on va désinvestir dans ce produit en réponse à la concurrence de l'importation. [source]

Openness, Uncertainty, and Social Spending: Implications for the Globalization, Welfare State Debate

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009
Irfan Nooruddin
We extend the literature on openness and spending in developing countries arguing that the effect of increasing openness depends on both regime type and the level of openness. Democracies respond to increases in openness by increasing spending while dictatorships respond by decreasing spending. However, the degree to which countries pursue the strategy of choice depends on the level of openness. In autarkic countries, an increase in import competition has more severe consequences for perceptions of job insecurity and dislocation. In response, government management of openness will be more vigorous under these conditions regardless of whether the leader increases or decreases spending. Economic selection mechanisms at work will produce an outcome wherein, at higher levels of openness, further import liberalization has smaller effects on perceptions of job insecurity and dislocation. Hence, both the demand and the supply of government management of openness will be lower. [source]

Vietnam in the global economy: trade, employment and poverty

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2004
Rhys Jenkins
Vietnam has undergone a significant change from a relatively closed economy as a result of the reform process initiated in the late 1980s. This has been accompanied by rapid economic growth and substantial poverty reduction during the 1990s. Since one of the main mechanisms through which greater openness is expected to lead to poverty reduction is via the labour market, the paper examines the impact which trade flows have had on employment in Vietnam since the early 1990s. Using a variety of different methods, the paper shows that the growth of exports has had a significant positive effect on employment, while increased import competition had a negative effect both directly and indirectly through rationalization of producers facing foreign competition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]