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Implant Length (implant + length)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

A 7-year life table analysis from a prospective study on ITI implants with special emphasis on the use of short implants

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004
Results from a private practice
Abstract: This paper reports on a 7-year life table analysis on ITI titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) and sandblasted and etched (SLA) implants placed in a private practice and loaded for at least 1 year. In 236 patients, 528 (264 TPS and 264 SLA) implants were placed, 351 (66.5%) implants rehabilitated the posterior region and 71.1% implants were ,11 mm. In the posterior mandible and maxilla, the mean implant length was 9.90 and 9.74 mm respectively. Implant length was determined through standard radiographs only. Increase of the number of implants or reduction of the width or the length of the rehabilitations was not specifically sought for the shorter implants. One hundred and twenty-two SLA implants were loaded within 63 days. All early loaded SLA implants resisted the applied 35 N cm without rotation or pain. Three implants failed, one early and two late failures, all were SLA implants placed in the mandible. Shorter implants did not fail more than longer ones. The cumulative success rate was 99.40%. The predictable use of short implants supporting single crowns and small fixed partial dentures of 2,4 units supported by two to three implants permitted (1) restricting the need for sophisticated and expensive presurgical procedures aimed to determine precisely the available bone height by computerized radiographic methods, (2) the placement of prosthetically driven restoration instead of surgically driven ones, (3) reducing the indications span for complex invasive procedures like sinus lift and bone grafting procedures, (4) facilitating the surgery, without attempting to place the longest implant and (5) avoiding the occurrence of sensation disturbance. The safe use of short implants in a private practice should make implant therapy simpler and accessible to a higher number of patients and practitioners. Résumé Ce manuscript rapporte une analyse sur sept ans d'implants ITI® TPS et SLA placés dans un cabinet privé et chargés pendant au moins une année. Chez 236 patients, 528 implants (264 TPS et 264 SLA) ont été placés, 351 (66,5%) d'entre eux pour reconstruire la région postérieure et 71,1 étaient ,11 mm. Dans les parties postérieures de la mandibule et du maxillaire la longueur implantaire moyenne était respectivement de 9,90 et 9,74 mm. La longueur de l'implant était déterminée à partir uniquement de radiographies standards. L'augmentation du nombre d'implants ou la réduction de la largeur ou la longueur des reconstructions n'étaient pas spécifiquement recherchées pour les implants les plus courts. Cent vingt-deux implants SLA ont été mis en charge avant 63 jours. Tous les implants SLA avec mise en charge précoce ont resistéà la force de 35 Ncm appliquée sans rotation ni douleur. Trois implants ont échoué: 1) de manière précoce et 2) plus tard, tous étaient des implants SLA placés dans la mandibule. Les implants les plus courts n'avaient pas davantage d'échec que les plus longs. Le taux de succès cumulatif était de 99,40%. L'utilisation prévisible des implants courts portant des couronnes uniques et des petites prothèses fixées de deux à quatre unités supportées par deux à trois implants permettait 1) de réduire la nécessité de processus préchirurgicaux sophistiqué et cher visant ,a d"terminer précisemnentla hauteur osseuse disponible par des méthodes radiographiques avec ordinateur, 2) le placement de restaurations axées sur la prothèse plutôt que sur la chirurgie, 3) de diminuer la portée des indications des processus invasifs complexes comme l'épaississement du plancher buccal et les processus de greffe osseuse, 4) de faciliter la chirurgie sans essayer de placer l'implant le plus long, 5) d'éviter l'apparition de troubles de sensation. L'utilisation s,re d'implants court dans une pratique privée pourrait rendre la thérapie plus simple et accessible à un polus grand nombre de patients et de praticiens. Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit berichtet über eine 7 Jahre Life Time Analyse von ITI TPS und SLA Implantaten, welche in einer Privatpraxis gesetzt wurden und für mindestens 1 Jahr unter Belastung standen. Bei 236 Patienten wurden 528 Implantate (264 TPS und 264 SLA) eingesetzt, 351 Implantate (66.5%) dienten der Wiederherstellung der posterioren Region und 71.1% der Implantate waren 11 mm lang. In der posterioren Mandibula bzw. Maxilla betrug die mittlere Implantatlänge 9.9 bzw. 9.74 mm. Die Implantatlänge wurde nur auf Standardröntgenbildern bestimmt. Bei Rekonstruktionen mit kurzen Implantaten wurden nicht speziell mehr Implantate verwendet oder die Breite oder die Länge der Rekonstruktionen reduziert. 122 SLA Implantate wurden innerhalb von 63 Tagen belastet. Alle frühbelasteten SLA Implantate widerstanden den applizierten 35Ncm ohne Rotation oder Schmerzen. 3 Implantate zeigten Misserfolge, einen Früh- und 2 Spätmisserfolge. Es handelte sich dabei ausschliesslich um SLA Implantate, welche im Unterkiefer eingesetzt worden waren. Kurze Implantate zeigten nicht mehr Misserfolge als lange. Die kumulative Erfolgsrate betrug 99.4%. Die Verwendung von kurzen Implantaten, welche Einzelkronen und kleine festsitzende Brücken mit 2,4 Einheiten auf 2,3 Implantanten trugen, erlaubte, 1) die Notwendigkeit von komplizierten und teuren prächirurgischen Abklärungen zur genauen Bestimmung der zur Verfügung stehenden Knochenhöhe durch computerisierte radiologische Methoden zu beschränken, 2) die Platzierung von prothetisch diktierten Rekonstruktionen anstelle von chirurgisch diktierten Rekonstruktionen, 3) eine Reduktion der Indikationsbreite von komplexen invasiven Prozeduren wie Sinuslift und Knochentransplantationen, 4) eine Erleichterung der Chirurgie indem nicht ein möglichst langes Implantat gesetzt werden musste, 5) das Auftreten von Sensibilitätsstörungen zu vermeiden. Die sichere Verwendung von kurzen Implantaten in einer Privatpraxis sollte die Implantattherapie einfacher machen. Dadurch sollte die Behandlung mit Implantaten einer grösseren Anzahl Patienten und Praktikern zugänglich werden. Resumen Este estudio informa sobre un análisis de un cuadro de vida de implantes ITI TPS y SLA colocados en una consulta privada y cargados durante al menos un año. Se colocaron 528 implantes (264 TPS y 264 SLA) en 236 pacientes, 351 implantes (66.5%) rehabilitaron el maxilar posterior y el 71.1% de los implantes fueron ,11 mm. La longitud media de los implantes en la mandíbula posterior y el maxilar fue de 9,90 y 9.74 mm respectivamente. La longitud del implante se determinó solamente a través de radiografías. No se buscaron específicamente incrementos en el número de implantes o reducción en la anchura o longitud de las rehabilitaciones para los implantes cortos. Se cargaron 122 implantes dentro de los 63 días. Todos los implantes SLA cargados tempranamente resistieron la fuerza de 35 Ncm aplicada sin rotación ni dolor. 3 implantes fracasaron, uno tempranamente y 2 tardíos, todos fueron implantes SLA colocados en la mandíbula. Los implantes mas cortos no fracasaron más que los implantes largos. El índice acumulativo de éxito fue del 99.4%. El uso predecible de implantes cortos soportando coronas unitarias y pequeñas prótesis fijas parciales de 2,4 unidades soportadas por 2,3 implantes permitieron, 1) restringir la necesidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos sofisticados y costosos con la intención de determinar con precisión la altura de hueso disponible por medio de métodos de radiografías computarizadas, 2) la colocación de restauraciones orientadas prosteticamente en vez de quirúrgicamente, 3) reducir el abanico de indicaciones para procedimientos complejos invasivos tales como procedimientos de elevación del seno e injertos, 4) facilitar la cirugía, sin intentar colocar el implante mas largo, 5) evitar la aparición de sensación de molestia. El uso seguro de implantes cortos en una consulta privada debería hacer el tratamiento de implantes mas simple y accesible para un mayor número de pacientes y profesionales. [source]

The Milled Bar-Retained Removable Bridge Implant-Supported Prosthesis: A Treatment Alternative for the Edentulous Maxilla

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2002
DGDP(UK), PAUL A. TIPTON BDS
ABSTRACT Restoration of the edentulous jaw with dental implants can be achieved using either an implant-supported prosthesis, such as a fixed bridge, or an implant-retained prosthesis, such as a traditional overdenture. The implant-retained prostheses use edentulous ridges as primary stress-bearing regions, and through stress-breaking mechanisms, the implants are not loaded during function. However, the success rates of maxillary overdentures do not appear to be as good as for mandibular overdentures; this may be attributable to the adverse loading conditions, short implant length, poor quality of bone, number of implants used, flexible bar design, or poor treatment planning. Many articles have also described the numerous problems and multiple visits required in maintaining a traditional bar-retained overdenture restoration, often making it more expensive in the long term than a fixed restoration. The milled bar implant-supported prosthesis offers the benefits of both fixed and removable restorations. Its infrastructure provides the same rigidity as the fixed restoration, owing to the precise fit to the superstructure, which is removable, to promote adequate access for hygiene, yet it still provides lip support and maintains close contact with the soft tissues. These advantages enhance phonetics, esthetics, correct lip support, maintenance, and patient comfort. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Restoring esthetics and function for the edentulous patient requires a multidiscipline approach for success. This article discusses the techniques for restoring function and esthetics for these patients, using a milled bar restoration supported and retained by dental implants. [source]

Outcomes of dental implants placed in a surgical training programme

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009
LP Smith
Abstract Background:, This study evaluates surgical outcomes and survival rates of implants placed in a multidisciplinary implant teaching programme. Methods:, A retrospective review of all implant surgery performed over a 6-year period by accredited oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne was undertaken. Patients were reviewed for a minimum of 6 months post-implant placement. Implant survival was defined as those implants which were not removed, were clinically integrated as assessed by torque testing and in an appropriate position to receive a subsequent prosthesis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival and univariate factors affecting survival. Multivariate analysis used Cox proportional hazards models. Results:, Over 6 years, 127 patients were treated. Follow-up data were present for 105 patients with 236 implants placed. Survival of implants at 1 and 5 years was 94 per cent and 92.8 per cent, respectively. The only univariate and multivariate factor which affected implant survival was perioperative bone grafting. All failed implants were single stage. Other factors such as patient age, smoking status, implant site, anaesthetic type, immediate or delayed placement, implant length and diameter, and medical comorbidities did not significantly affect implant survival. Conclusions:, A satisfactory implant survival rate was found in a tertiary teaching centre. Perioperative bone grafting significantly increased the risk of implant failure. [source]

Minimally Invasive Flapless Implant Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 2005
ODhc, William Becker DDS
ABSTRACT Background: Placement of implants with a minimally invasive flapless approach has the potential to minimize crestal bone loss, soft tissue inflammation, and probing depth adjacent to implants and to minimize surgical time. Purpose: The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate implant placement using a minimally invasive one-stage flapless technique up to 2 years. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients ranging in age from 24 to 86 years were recruited from three clinical centers (Tucson, AZ, USA; Tel Aviv, Israel; Göteborg, Sweden). Seventy-nine implants were placed. A small, sharp-tipped guiding drill was used to create a precise, minimally invasive initial penetration through the mucosa and into bone (Nobel Biocare, Yorba, Linda, CA, USA). Implants were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions, with minimal countersinking. The parameters evaluated were total surgical time, implant survival, bone quality and quantity, implant position by tooth type, depth from mucosal margin to bone crest, implant length, probing depth, inflammation, and crestal bone changes. At 2 years, for 79 implants placed in 57 patients, the cumulative success rate using a minimally invasive flapless method was 98.7%, indicating the loss of 1 implant. Changes in crestal bone for 77 baseline and follow-up measurements were insignificant (radiograph 1: mean 0.7 mm, SD 0.5 mm, range 2.8 mm, minimum 0.2 mm, maximum 3.0 mm; radiograph 2: mean 0.8 mm, SD 0.5 mm, range 3.4 mm, minimum 0.12 mm, maximum 3.5 mm). Using descriptive statistics for 78 patients (one implant lost), mean changes for probing depth and inflammation were clinically insignificant. The average time for implant placement was 28 minutes (minimum 10 minutes, maximum 60 minutes, SD 13.1 minutes). Average depth from mucosal margin to bone was 3.3 mm (SD 0.7 mm, minimum 2 mm, maximum 5 mm, range 3 mm). Thirty-two implants were placed in maxillae and 47 in mandibles. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that following diagnostic treatment planning criteria, flapless surgery using a minimally invasive technique is a predictable procedure. The benefits of this procedure are lessened surgical time; minimal changes in crestal bone levels, probing depth, and inflammation; perceived minimized bleeding; and lessened postoperative discomfort. [source]

Stability Measurements of Osseointegrated Implants Using Osstell in Partially Edentulous Jaws after 1 Year of Loading: A Pilot Study

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002
Piero Balleri MD
ABSTRACT Background: The introduction of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) as a commercially available technique has made it possible to measure implant stability in implant stability quotient (ISQ) units at any time during the course of implant treatment and loading. However, no information on normal ISQ levels can be found in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to measure the stability of clinically successful implants in partially edentulous patients after 1 year of loading and to study the influence of jaw, anterior/posterior position, implant length, and marginal bone level on implant stability. Materials and Methods: Fourteen partially edentulous patients previously treated with 45 implants were subjected to clinical and radiographie evaluations and RFA measurements using Osstell (Integration Diagnostics, Sävedalen, Sweden) after 1 year of loading. Results: All 45 implants were stable, and implant stability levels were in the range of 57 to 82 ISQ units with a mean of 69 ± 6.5 ISQ after 1 year of loading. Mandibular implants were more stable than were maxillary ones. There were no differences between anterior and posterior implants. No correlation could be found between implant length and stability. Only minor marginal bone resorption was observed. Conclusions: The results from this limited material showed that successfully integrated implants have ISQ levels from 57 to 82 ISQ with a mean of 69 ISQ after 1 year of loading. Mandibular implants are more stable than are maxillary ones. High implant stability can be achieved with short implants and placement in posterior regions. [source]

Orthodontic load on short maxillary implants with reduced sink depth: an experimental study

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008
H. Wehrbein
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the positional stability and histomorphometric findings of length-reduced temporary anchorage devices (Orthosystem®, length: 4 mm) with reduced sink depth. Material and methods: For this purpose, four maxillary pre-molars (2P2, 3P3) were extracted from each of four foxhounds. After a 16-week alveolar healing period, 16 implants (four per dog) were inserted into the edentulous areas. Four implants (one per dog) were placed simultaneously in the mid-palatal area. The implants were intentionally submerged to about three-quarters of their length. After a 10-week unloaded implant healing period, the implants in the P3 areas and the palate were loaded (test implants) by means of transpalatal bars fixed on the implants in the P3 areas and Sentalloy traction springs (,2 N continuous force) inserted mid-sagittally between palatal implants and bars (force application period: 24 weeks). The implants in the P2 areas served as controls. Results: Clinical measurements and histological evaluation revealed positional stability of the loaded fixtures. Alveolar control implants (ACI) were inserted to a mean depth of 3.2 mm, alveolar test implants (ATI) to 3.3 mm and palatal test implants (PTI) to 2.6 mm. The mean direct bone contact percentage values were 71.3% (ACI), 79.6% (ATI) and 72.2% (PTI). Conclusion: These results suggest that, probably due to the relatively high percentage of bone contact with implant surface, only 3 mm of intrabony implant length is sufficient to retain positional stability during long-term orthodontic loading. [source]

Effects of a novel calcium titanate coating on the osseointegration of blasted endosseous implants in rabbit tibiae

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007
Jo-Young Suh
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nanostructured calcium coating on the surfaces of blasted Ti implants on peri-implant bone formation in the rabbit tibiae. Material and methods: Threaded implants (3.75 mm in diameter, 6 mm in length) were roughened by hydroxyapatite (HA) blasting (control; blasted implants). The implants were then hydrothermally treated in a Ca-containing solution for 24 h to prepare Ca-incorporated Ti surfaces (experimental; blasted/Ca implants). Surface characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and stylus profilometry before and after Ca coating. Forty-two implants (21 control and 21 experimental) were placed in the proximal tibiae of seven New Zealand White rabbits. Each rabbit received six implants. To evaluate the effects of the nanostructured Ca coating on the peri-implant bone-healing response, removal torque tests and histomorphometric analyses were performed 6 weeks after surgery. Results: The Ca coating did not significantly change the surface properties produced by blasting at the micron level. Histologically, active bone apposition was observed in the blasted/Ca implants in the marrow space. Compared with the blasted implants, the blasted/Ca implants showed significantly increased bone-to-implant contact over the total implant length (P<0.01) and greater mean removal torque values (P<0.05). Discussion and conclusion: The nanostructured, Ca-incorporated surface significantly enhanced the peri-implant bone-healing response of HA-blasted Ti implants. It may be concluded that the use of nanostructured, Ca-coated surfaces may have synergic effects in enhancing osseointegration of blasted Ti implants due to their micron-scaled surface properties and biologically active surface chemistry. [source]

Validity and clinical significance of biomechanical testing of implant/bone interface

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue S2 2006
Carlos Aparicio
Abstract Purpose: The aim of this paper was to review the clinical literature on the Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and Periotest techniques in order to assess the validity and prognostic value of each technique to detect implants at risk for failure. Material and methods: A search was made using the PubMed database to find clinical studies using the RFA and/or Periotest techniques. Results: A limited number of clinical reports were found. No randomized-controlled clinical trials or prospective cohort studies could be found for validity testing of the techniques. Consequently, only a narrative review was prepared to cover general aspects of the techniques, factors influencing measurements and the clinical relevance of the techniques. Conclusions: Factors such as bone density, upper or lower jaw, abutment length and supracrestal implant length seem to influence both RFA and Periotest measurements. Data suggest that high RFA and low Periotest values indicate successfully integrated implants and that low/decreasing RFA and high/increasing Periotest values may be signs of ongoing disintegration and/or marginal bone loss. However, single readings using any of the techniques are of limited clinical value. The prognostic value of the RFA and Periotest techniques in predicting loss of implant stability has yet to be established in prospective clinical studies. [source]

Significance of primary stability for osseointegration of dental implants

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
Natalia Lioubavina-Hack
Abstract Aim: To investigate the significance of the initial stability of dental implants for the establishment of osseointegration in an experimental capsule model for bone augmentation. Material and methods: Sixteen male rats were used in the study. In each rat, muscle-periosteal flaps were elevated on the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus on both sides, resulting in exposure of the bone surface. Small perforations were then produced in the ramus. A rigid, hemispherical Teflon® capsule with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 4 mm and with a hole in its middle portion, prepared to fit the circumference of an ITI® HC titanium implant of 2.8 mm in diameter, was fixed to the ramus using 4 mini-screws. On one side of the jaw, the implant was placed through the hole in such a way that its apex did not make contact with the mandibular ramus (test). This placement of the implant did not ensure primary stability. On the other side of the jaw, a similar implant was placed through the hole of the capsule in such a way that contact was made between the implant and the surface of the ramus (control). This provided primary stability of the implant. After placement of the implants, the soft tissues were repositioned over the capsules and sutured. After 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, four animals were sacrificed and subjected to histometric analysis. Results: The mean height of direct bone-to-implant contact of implants with primary stability was 38.8%, 52.9%, 64.6% and 81.3% of the implant length at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, respectively. Of the bone adjacent to the implant surface, 28.1%, 28.9%, 52.6% and 69.6%, respectively, consisted of mineralized bone. At the test implants, no bone-to-implant contact was observed at any observation time or in any of these non-stabilized specimens. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that primary implant stability is a prerequisite for successful osseointegration, and that implant instability results in fibrous encapsulation, thus confirming previously made clinical observations. [source]

Dental implants placement in conjunction with osteotome sinus floor elevation: a 12-year life-table analysis from a prospective study on 588 ITI®implants

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006
Nicola Ferrigno
Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical success of placing ITI dental implants in the posterior maxilla using the osteotome technique. Material and methods: All implants were placed following a one-stage protocol (elevating the sinus floor and placing the implant at the same time). Five hundred and eighty-eight implants were placed in 323 consecutive patients with a residual vertical height of bone under the sinus ranging from 6 to 9 mm. The mean observation follow-up period was 59.7 months (with a range of 12,144 months). This prospective study not only calculated the 12-year cumulative survival and success rates for 588 implants by life-table analysis but also the cumulative success rates for implant subgroups divided per implant length and the percentage of sinus membrane perforation were evaluated. Results: The 12-year cumulative survival and success rates were 94.8% and 90.8%, respectively. The analysis of implant subgroups showed slightly more favourable cumulative success rates for 12 mm long implants (93.4%) compared with 10 and 8 mm long implants (90.5% and 88.9%, respectively). During the study period, only 13 perforations of the Schneiderian membrane were detected with a perforation rate of 2.2% (13 perforations/601 treated sites). Ten perforations out of 13 were caused during the first half of the study period and of these, seven were detected during the first 3 years of this prospective study. Conclusion: Based on the results and within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that ITI implant placement in conjunction with osteotome sinus floor elevation represents a safe modality of treating the posterior maxilla in areas with reduced bone height subjacent to the sinus as survival and success rates were maintained above 90% for a mean observation period of ,60 months. Shorter implants (8 mm implants) did not significantly fail more than longer ones (10 and 12 mm implants): the differences were small compared with the number of events; hence, no statistical conclusion could be drawn. But, from the clinical point of view, the predictable use of short implants in conjunction with osteotome sinus floor elevation may reduce the indication for complex invasive procedures like sinus lift and bone grafting procedures. [source]

A 7-year life table analysis from a prospective study on ITI implants with special emphasis on the use of short implants

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of the 5-mm Diameter Regular-Platform Brånemark Fixture:2- to 5-Year Follow-up

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 1 2002
DSc Odont, Georges Tawil DDS
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results obtained with 5-mm diameter regular-platform Brånemark implants after 2 to 5 years of follow-up. A secondary aim was to compare the clinical outcome to that of adjacently placed standard 3.75-mm fixtures in the same patients under the same operative condition and in the same prosthetic construction. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients, with a mean age of 54 years, received a total of 97 5-mm diameter regular-platform fixtures. The majority of the implants were placed at molar sites. In 41 of the patients, 53 5-mm diameter implants were placed adjacent to 62 standard 3.75-mm diameter fixtures in the same prosthetic reconstruction. All implants were submerged for an average period of 4 to 6 months. Abutment connection was done according to standard protocol. The prosthetic treatment consisted of freestanding fixed bridges. Results: The cumulative survival rate of the 5-mm diameter implants loaded for a period of 2 to 5 years was 96.9%. Only three implants failed. They were placed in type 4 bone in the posterior maxilla. Bone loss over the first year was 0.70 mm and over a 3-year period 0.81 mm. Implants placed in type 4 bone showed significantly higher bone loss. No difference in the resorption rate could be found between the maxillary and the mandibular implants or between the various implant lengths. There was no significant difference between the bone loss around the 5-mm diameter fixtures and the adjacent 3.75-mm diameter standard fixtures. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high predictability of 5-mm diameter regular-platform implants when placed in the posterior maxilla and mandible. [source]