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Immunological Differences (immunological + difference)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Number III Mucous membrane pemphigoid

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2005
J Bagan
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a sub-epithelial vesiculobullous disorder. It is now quite evident that a number of sub-epithelial vesiculobullous disorders may produce similar clinical pictures, and also that a range of variants of MMP exist, with antibodies directed against various hemidesmosomal components or components of the epithelial basement membrane. The term immune-mediated sub-epithelial blistering diseases (IMSEBD) has therefore been used. Immunological differences may account for the significant differences in their clinical presentation and responses to therapy, but unfortunately data on this are few. The diagnosis and management of IMSEBD on clinical grounds alone is impossible and a full history, general, and oral examination, and biopsy with immunostaining are now invariably required, sometimes supplemented with other investigations. No single treatment regimen reliably controls all these disorders, and it is not known if the specific subsets of MMP will respond to different drugs. Currently, apart from improving oral hygiene, immunomodulatory,especially immunosuppressive,therapy is typically used to control oral lesions. The present paper reviews pemphigoid, describing the present understanding of this fascinating clinical phenotype, summarising the increasing number of subsets with sometimes-different natural histories and immunological features, and outlining current clinical practice. [source]

Immunological differences between intrinsic and extrinsic types of atopic dermatitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 12 2003
C. A. Akdis
First page of article [source]

Male-biased parasitism by common helminths is not explained by sex differences in body size or spleen mass of breeding cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus

JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
Stacey A. Robinson
In vertebrates, males are often more parasitised than conspecific females. This bias in parasitism might result from sex differences in parasite exposure and/or susceptibility to infection. Such information is important for testing hypotheses about allocation of resources to life histories of males and females and for testing hypotheses about factors thought to influence parasite fitness and parasite dynamics. We tested whether double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus exhibit male-biased parasitism by gut helminths. The prevalence of nematode Contracaecum spp. and trematode Drepanocaphalus spathans infections was ,90% and 39%, respectively. Cestode, primarily Paradilepis caballeroi and acanthocephalan Andracantha gravida infections were less common (<10%). Male and female cormorants did not differ in prevalence of infection by any helminth species. However, males had twice the abundance and intensity of Contracaecum spp. infections and twice the intensity of D. spathans infections than found in females. For common parasites showing male-biased parasitism, degree of parasitism was also unrelated to body size or mass in either sex. Males and females did not differ in spleen mass and spleen mass was unrelated to abundance of common parasites. Furthermore, abundance of trematodes and nematodes was not correlated. At present, male biases in parasitism by nematodes and trematodes in cormorants are independent patterns that remain unexplained, but are most likely attributable to sex differences in exposure and/or immunological differences not yet assessed. [source]

Heat shock protein gene 70-2 polymorphism is differentially associated with the clinical phenotypes of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7 2007
Su Y Nam
Abstract Background and Aim:, A single nucleotide polymorphism in heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) has been shown to be associated with a severe clinical course in Crohn's disease (CD), but it is not known if such a relationship exists in ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of the present study was to identify associations between the HSP70-2 polymorphism and the clinical courses of CD and UC in Koreans. Methods:, Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed for HSP70-2 polymorphisms using the PstI-cleavage site present in the B allele but not in the A allele of the DNA obtained from 101 patients with CD, 144 patients with UC, and 245 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Study subjects were classified by disease behavior, severity and extent of disease. Results:, In CD, multivariate analysis showed that the AA genotype of HSP70-2 polymorphisms was associated with non-perforating disease (OR 10.10, 95% CI 1.66,15.38) and male sex (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.04,12.23), and that the BB genotype was associated with severe CD (OR 12.03, 95% CI 1.60,101.56). In contrast, multivariate analysis for UC showed that the AA genotype was associated with severe UC (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.34,3.03). Conclusions:, CD patients with BB genotype of HSP70-2 polymorphism tend to experience a more severe clinical course and allele A is associated with more severe UC. HSP70-2 polymorphism may be used to predict CD and UC phenotypes, which can illuminate immunological differences in CD and UC. [source]

Different cytokine production and activation marker profiles in circulating cutaneous-lymphocyte-associated antigen+ T cells from patients with acute or chronic atopic dermatitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 4 2004
C. Antúnez
Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease whose lesions can have two stages: acute and chronic. In skin biopsies a biphasic pattern of cytokine expression has been shown, Th2 in acute lesions and Th1 in chronic AD lesions. Objective We investigated the expression of an activation marker and a homing receptor, as well as cytokine production, in different peripheral blood T cell subpopulations from AD patients with chronic (Group A) and acute lesions (Group B) and controls. Methods We evaluated 26 adult AD patients (12 Group A, 14 Group B) and 14 non-atopic controls. IgE was measured by immunoassay. CD4, CD8, cutaneous-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression, and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-13, IFN-,, TNF-,, IL-10, IL-4) were analysed in mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. Results In Group B there was a significant increase in eosinophil levels and a non-significant increase in IgE. In Group A we found an increase in CLA+CD4+ cells (8.19±1.84) compared with controls (4.83±0.53) (P<0.05) and CD4+HLA-DR+ cells in the CLA+ subpopulation (45.54±15.40) compared with controls (30.49±6.07) (P<0.05). In the CLA+CD4+ subpopulation, there was a significant increase in IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-, production in Group B (12.46±7.7, 11.26±5.97, 43.92±15.55) compared with controls (5.34±3.50, 4.54±1.78, 19.29±9.97) with no differences in Group A. Conclusion Greater immunological differences were detected in peripheral blood from patients with acute compared with chronic lesions, especially in the circulating T cell-subset with skin tropism that preferentially responded to cutaneous allergens. This is the first demonstration of phenotypic changes in circulating CLA+ T cells between AD patients with acute and chronic lesions. [source]