DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Elena C. Ferrazzini Pozzi
Material and methods:, Patients presenting with lateral luxation of permanent teeth during 2001,2002 were enrolled in this clinical study. Laterally luxated teeth were repositioned and splinted with a TTS/composite resin splint for 4 weeks. Immediate (prophylactic) root-canal treatment was performed in severely luxated teeth with radiographically closed apices. All patients received tetracycline for 10 days. Re-examinations were performed after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 48 months. Results:, All 47 laterally luxated permanent teeth that could be followed over the entire study period survived. In 10 teeth (21.3%), a prophylactic root-canal treatment was performed within 2 weeks following injury. The remaining 37 teeth showed the following characteristics at the 4-year re-examination: 19 teeth (51.4%) had pulp survival (no clinical or radiographic signs or symptoms), nine teeth (24.3%) presented with pulp canal calcification, and pulp necrosis was seen in another nine teeth (24.3%), within the first year after trauma. None of the teeth with a radiographically open apex at the time of lateral luxation showed complications. External root resorption was only seen in one tooth. Conclusions:, Laterally luxated permanent teeth with incomplete root formation have a good prognosis, with all teeth surviving in this study. The most frequent complication was pulp necrosis that was only seen in teeth with closed apices. [source]

Immediate and Midterm Complications of Sclerotherapy: Report of a Prospective Multicenter Registry of 12,173 Sclerotherapy Sessions

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2005
FACPH, Jean-Jérôme Guex MD
Background Growing interest in sclerotherapy has emphasized the need for complete knowledge of all aspects of this method. Objective To precisely delineate the actual incidence of immediate and delayed untoward events of daily sclerotherapy. Methods A multicenter prospective registry was established in 22 phlebology clinics to report their activity and complications. Results During the study period, 12,173 sessions of sclerotherapy were carried out, 5,434 with liquid, 6,395 with foam, and 344 using both. Four thousand eighty-eight (33.9%) sessions were carried out with ultrasound guidance. Forty-nine incidents or accidents (0.4%) occurred, of which 12 were with liquid and 37 with foam. These were reported during the time of the study and an additional 1-month follow-up. Most numerous were 20 cases of visual disturbances (in 19 cases, foam or air block was used); all resolved shortly, without any after-effects. A femoral vein thrombosis was the only severe adverse event in this study. Conclusions This study demonstrates that sclerotherapy is a safe technique. FUNDING FOR RESEARCH WAS PROVIDED BY THE FRENCH SOCIETY OF PHLEBOLOGY, A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION. [source]

Comparison of Endovenous Radiofrequency Versus 810 nm Diode Laser Occlusion of Large Veins in an Animal Model

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2002
Robert A. Weiss MDArticle first published online: 27 FEB 200
background. Endovenous occlusion using radiofrequency (RF) energy has been shown to be effective for the elimination of sapheno-femoral reflux and subsequent elimination of varicose veins. Recently, endovenous laser occlusion has been introduced with initial clinical reports indicating effective treatment for varicose veins. However, in our practice we note increased peri-operative hematoma and tenderness with the laser. Little is known regarding the mechanism of action of this new laser vein therapy. objective. To better understand the mechanism of action of endovenous laser vs. the endovenous RF procedure in the jugular vein of the goat model. methods. A bilateral comparison was performed using 810 nm diode laser transmitted by a bare-tipped optical fiber vs. the RF delivery by engineered electrodes with a temperature feedback loop using a thermocouple (Closure procedure) in three goat jugular veins. Immediate and one-week results were studied radiographically and histologically. Temperature measurements during laser treatment were performed by using an array of up to five thermocouples, spaced 2 mm apart, placed adjacent to a laser fiber tip during goat jugular vein treatment. results. Immediate findings showed that 100% of the laser-treated veins showed perforations by histologic examination and immediate contrast fluoroscopy. The RF-treated side showed immediate constriction with maintenance of contrast material within the vein lumen and no perforations. The difference in acute vein shrinkage was also dramatic as laser treatments resulted in vein shrinkage of 26%, while RF-treated veins showed a 77% acute reduction in diameter. At one week, extravasated blood that leaked into the surrounding tissue of laser treated veins acutely, continued to occupy space and impinge on surrounding structures including nerves. For the laser treatment, the highest average temperature was 729°C (peak temperature 1334°C) observed flush with the laser fiber tip, while the temperature feedback mechanism of the RF method maintains temperatures at the electrodes of 85°C. conclusion. Vein perforations, extremely high intravascular temperatures, failure to cause significant collagen shrinkage, and intact endothelium in an animal model justify a closer look at the human clinical application of the 810 nm endovenous laser technique. Extravasated blood impinging on adjacent structures may theoretically lead to increased peri-operative hematoma and tenderness. Further study and clinical investigation is warranted. [source]

Immediate early gene (ZENK, Arc) expression in the auditory forebrain of female canaries varies in response to male song quality

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
Stefan Leitner
Abstract In male songbirds, the song control pathway in the forebrain is responsible for song production and learning, and in females it is associated with the perception and discrimination of male song. However, experiments using the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) reveal the activation of brain regions outside the song control system, in particular the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and the caudomedial mesopallium (CMM). In this study on female canaries, we investigate the role of these two regions in relation to playback of male songs of different quality. Male canaries produce elaborate songs and some contain syllables with a more complex structure (sexy syllables) that induce females to perform copulation solicitation displays (CSD) as an invitation to mate. Females were first exposed to playback of a range of songs of different quality, before they were finally tested with playback of songs containing either sexy or nonsexy syllables. We then sectioned the brains and used in situ hybridization to reveal brain regions that express the IEGs ZENK or Arc. In CMM, expression of ZENK mRNA was significantly higher in females that last heard sexy syllables compared to those that last heard nonsexy syllables, but this was not the case for NCM. Expression of Arc mRNA revealed no differences in either CMM or NCM in both experimental groups. These results provide evidence that in female canaries CMM is involved in female perception and discrimination of male song quality through a mechanism of memory reconsolidation. The results also have further implications for the evolution of complex songs by sexual selection and female choice. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005 [source]

Developmental toxicity of in ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: I. Immediate and subsequent effects on first-generation nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2003
Kim Fernie
Abstract We determined that in ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alters growth off first-generation nestlings during and one year after parental exposure. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) laid eggs with environmentally relevant total PCB levels (34.1 ,g/g whole-egg wet wt) when fed PCB-spiked (Aroclor® 1248, 1254, and 1260) food (7 mg/kg body wt/d) for 100 d in 1998. In 1999, the same adults laid eggs with estimated total PCBs of 29.0 ,g/g. Nonsurviving PCB-exposed chicks were small (mass, bones) in 1998. Survivors showed a strong sex-specific growth response (mass, bones) compared to respective sex controls: Only female hatchlings were larger, and only male nestlings had longer feathers (1998); maximal growth and bone growth rates also differed (males were advanced, faster; females delayed, slower) (1999); and male nestlings fledged earlier and were smaller, while females were larger (1998, 1999). However, regardless of sex, PCB-exposed nestlings generally grew at faster rates in both years. In 1998, greater contaminant burdens and toxic equivalent concentrations in sibling eggs were associated with nestlings being lighter, having longer bones and feathers, and growing at faster rates (mass, bone) for females but slower rates (mass) for males. Both physiological-biochemical and behavioral changes are likely mechanisms. This study supports and expands on the Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome: While PCB exposure alters nestling size, maximal growth and growth rates also change immediately, are sustained, and are sex specific. [source]

Immediate and Delayed Benefits of Play Behaviour: New Evidence from Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

ETHOLOGY, Issue 12 2004
E. Palagi
Evidence for the anticipation of competition at feeding time has been previously documented in both Pan species. Chimpanzees seem to cope with competitive tendency through behavioural mechanisms of tension reduction, and grooming is certainly one of these. Social play and grooming are often matched because they bring animals into close physical contact for long periods, and they have an important role in social cohesion. Our goal was to investigate the occurrence of play behaviour during the pre-feeding period, before a basic maintenance activity is about to take place, in the chimpanzee colony housed in the ZooParc de Beauval (St Aignan sur Cher, France). The group was composed of 10 adults and nine immature individuals. By scan animal sampling (344 h of observation), we recorded play and grooming interactions in all age-class combinations during four different periods (pre-feeding, feeding, post-feeding, control). We found peak levels of grooming interactions among adults during the pre-feeding time. A peak frequency at the pre-feeding time was also found in social play between adults and unrelated immature subjects. This finding suggests that during high tension periods, grooming and play might share similar functions in conflict management. Like grooming, play might have an important role to limit aggression and increase tolerance around food (immediate benefits). Immature animals showed a higher frequency of play in the pre-feeding than in any other condition (feeding, post-feeding, and control). During high excitement periods social play probably represents a safe mechanism for immature subjects to test their personal abilities (self-assessment), the strength/weakness of playmates, and the degree of cooperation/competition with them (social-assessment). In the light of this new evidence, we can assert that play behaviour is far from being a purposeless activity, at least in the chimpanzee colony under study. [source]

Immediate,early gene induction in hippocampus and cortex as a result of novel experience is not directly related to the stressfulness of that experience

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 7 2005
Thaddeus W. W. Pace
Abstract The stressful quality of an experience, as perceived by rats, is believed to be largely represented by the magnitude of a hypothalamic,pituitary,adrenal (HPA) axis response. The hippocampus may be especially important for assessing the stressfulness of psychological stressors such as novel experience. If such is the case then experience-dependent immediate,early gene expression levels within the hippocampus may parallel relative levels of HPA axis activity. We examined this prospect in rats that were placed in four different novel environments (empty housing tub, circular arena, elevated pedestal or restraint tube). Restraint and pedestal produced the largest magnitude of increased ACTH and corticosterone secretion, arena an intermediate level (Experiment 2) and tub the least magnitude of increase. We saw a very similar experience-dependent pattern of relative Fos protein, c-fos mRNA and zif268 mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, in hippocampus (and select regions of cortex), immediate,early gene expression was associated with the exploratory potential of the novel experience rather than level of HPA axis activity; pedestal and arena elicited the greatest immediate,early gene expression, tub an intermediate level and restraint the least amount of expression. We conclude that the stressfulness of psychological stressors is not represented by the amount of immediate,early gene induction elicited in hippocampus and cortex, nor does there appear to be a general enhancing or depressive influence of acute stress on immediate,early gene induction in those brain regions. [source]

Causes of death among HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, Bordeaux, France, 1998,1999

HIV MEDICINE, Issue 3 2002
F Bonnet
Objectives To describe the causes of death in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method A retrospective survey conducted in Bordeaux, France. Medical records of all deaths that had occurred in 1998 and 1999 amongst patients followed within the Aquitaine cohort were reviewed by the same physician. Immediate and underlying causes of death were described, taking into account the morbidity at the time of death. Results Sixty-six deaths occurred in 1998, and 41 in 1999. Sixty-seven per cent of deceased patients were male. Median age at time of death was 43 years (range 25,71), median CD4 was 162 cells/µL (0,957); 28% of patients had a CD4 count > 200 cells/µL and 7% plasma viral load < 500 HIV-RNA copies/mL. Amongst morbidity present at the time of death, there were 23 bacterial infections, 16 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 16 cirrhoses, 15 non HIV-related malignancies, 13 central nervous system diseases and 10 myocardiopathies. The main immediate causes of death were: multiple organ failure (21%), coma (18%), septic shock (15%) and acute respiratory failure (14%). Underlying causes of death were AIDS-defining events (48%), non AIDS HIV-related infection (3%), hepatitis B- or C-associated cirrhosis (14%), non HIV-related malignancies (11%), cardiovascular events (10%), suicide and overdose (6%), treatment-related fatalities (4%), injury (2%) and unknown (2%). Patients dying from AIDS-related events were more often female, had a lower CD4 count, a higher level of HIV-RNA, a shorter history of HIV infection and were less often coinfected with hepatitis B and C viruses than those dying from other underlying causes. Conclusions AIDS-related events are no longer the major causes of death of HIV-infected patients in the era of HAART. This evolving mortality pattern justifies an adaptation of both the epidemiological surveillance and the clinical monitoring of HIV-infected patients. [source]

Rejuvenating facial massage , a bane or boon?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2002
Neena Khanna MD
Background Facial massage is an extremely popular form of beauty treatment and is thought to rejuvenate the skin. We decided to study the benefits and untoward effects of this form of facial beauty treatment. Methods One hundred and forty-two women (aged 17,63 years), who had received facial beauty treatment in three well-established beauty parlours in New Delhi, were entered into the study and observed for a period of 12 weeks after the facial beauty treatment. Twenty-seven of the subjects had a repeat facial beauty treatment 4,6 weeks after entry into the study, giving a total of 169 massage episodes observed. Immediate and delayed effects of the beauty treatment were examined. Results Facial beauty treatment generally consists of three steps: vigorous massaging of the face with creams, steaming (using a hot towel or a steaming gadget), and application of a face mask containing adsorbents and astringents. In our study, the creams used for massage included "off the shelf" creams manufactured by standard cosmetic companies in 95 (56.3%) subjects, herbal creams in 61 (36.1%), and creams containing exotic ingredients, such as gold salts, in 13 (7.7%). Sixty-one (36.1%) patients developed erythema and puffiness within 15 min to 2 h after the beauty treatment. This lasted for 2,6 h. Forty-one (24.3%) women underwent the procedure of comedone extraction after steaming. In 12 (7.1%) of these women, persistent erythema was noticed at the site of comedone extraction. Eight (4.7%) women developed mild dermatitis on the face, 2,7 days after the facial beauty treatment. Patch testing with constituents used in the facial beauty treatment was positive in four patients (herbal cream, 1; witch hazel, 1; orange face pack, 1; and gold cream, 1). In 47 (33.1%) subjects, an acneiform eruption was observed 3,10 weeks after the facial beauty treatment (mean, 6.1 ± 3 weeks). Thirteen (27.7%) of these subjects had taken the facial beauty treatment for the first time, whereas 34 (72.3%) developed an acneiform eruption after every facial massage. The predominant lesions were deep-seated nodules, although a few comedones, especially closed ones, were present in some patients. Lesions were always present on the cheeks, an area of focus during the facial massage, and healed with hyperpigmentation. The benefits of facial beauty treatment, as mentioned by the subjects, included a feeling of freshness and rejuvenation in 84 (59.1%), keeping the skin supple in 76 (53.5%), feeling of warmth and tightening of the skin in 71 (50%), and delaying the onset of wrinkles in 21 (14.8%). Conclusions Although there are several subjective benefits with facial beauty treatment, there may be immediate side-effects, such as erythema and edema, as well as delayed problems, such as dermatitis and acneiform eruption, in about one-third of patients. [source]

Surfactive and antibacterial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride formulations in vitro and in vivo

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Henk J. Busscher
Abstract Aim: To compare effects of three cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) formulations with and without alcohol and Tween80 on physico-chemical properties of salivary pellicles, bacterial detachment in vitro and bacterial killing in vivo. Material and Methods: Adsorption of CPC to salivary pellicles in vitro was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. Adhesion and detachment of a co-adhering bacterial pair was determined in vitro using a flow chamber. Killing was evaluated after live/dead staining after acute single use in vivo on 24- and 72-h-old plaques after 2-week continuous use. Results: The most pronounced effects on pellicle surface chemistry and hydrophobicity were observed after treatment with the alcohol-free formulation, while the pellicle thickness was not affected by any of the formulations. All CPC formulations detached up to 33% of the co-adhering pair from pellicle surfaces. Bacterial aggregate sizes during de novo deposition were enhanced after treatment with the alcohol-free formulation. Immediate and sustained killing in 24 and 72 h plaques after in vivo, acute single use as well as after 2-week continuous use were highest for the alcohol-free formulation. Conclusions: CPC bioavailability in a formulation without alcohol and Tween80 could be demonstrated through measures of pellicle surface properties and bacterial interactions in vitro as well as bacteriocidal actions on oral biofilms in vivo. [source]

Immediate and Long-Term Outcome of Redo Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty: Comparison with Initial Procedure in Patients with Rheumatic Mitral Restenosis

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
OSAMA RIFAIE M.D.
Aims: We explored the immediate and long-term outcome of redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) in a series of patients with mitral restenosis in comparison with initial PMV in the same series. Methods: We enrolled 40 consecutive patients presenting with mitral restenosis after successful initial PMV. Redo PMV was performed by the antegrade transseptal approach using either the Inoue technique or the multitrack technique. Reassessment by transthoracic echocardiography was repeated 48 hours later, and annually thereafter. Procedural success was defined as 50% or more increase of mitral valve area (MVA) with a final MVA ,1.5 cm2, without major complications. Restenosis was defined as loss of >50% of the initial gain of MVA by the preceding PMV with a final MVA <1.5 cm2. Results: Procedural success was achieved in 37 (92.5%) patients. Both the initial and redo procedures were similar concerning the final MVA and mean transmitral pressure gradient (P > 0.05 for all). The gain of MVA was higher in the initial as compared to the redo procedure (P < 0.001). The initial mitral valve score correlated negatively with the final MVA in both the initial and redo procedures, and was the only independent predictor of the time to redo procedure, by multivariate regression analysis. At long-term follow-up (61 ± 2.8 months), the mean MVA was 1.6 ± 0.3 cm2. Three patients,out of 12 available for follow-up,developed restenosis. Conclusion: Redo PMV for mitral restenosis is feasible, safe, and achieves immediate and long-term outcome comparable to initial PMV. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:1,6) [source]

Immediate and 3-Month Follow-Up Outcome After Cutting Balloon Angioplasty for Bifurcation Lesions

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
HIDEO TAKEBAYASHI M.D.
Balloon angioplasty of a bifurcation lesion is associated with lower rates of success and higher rates of complications than such treatment of lesions of most other morphologies. To date, the best device or procedure for bifurcation lesions has not been determined. The aim of this study was to compare the immediate and 3-month follow-up outcome of cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) versus conventional balloon angioplasty (PTCA) for the treatment of bifurcation lesions. We treated 87 consecutive bifurcation lesions with CBA (n = 50) or PTCA (n = 37). Paired angiograms were analyzed by quantitative angiography, and angiographic follow-up was achieved for 93% of the lesions. The procedural success was 92% in the CBA group and 76% in the PTCA group (P < 0.05). Major in-hospital complications occurred in two lesions in the CBA group and six in the PTCA group (P = 0.05). The incidence of bail-out stenting in the CBA group was lower than in the conventional PTCA (8% vs 24%, P < 0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the restenosis rate was 40% in the CBA group versus 67% in the PTCA group (P < 0.05). Clinical events during follow-up did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, in comparison with PTCA, procedural success was greater and the restenosis rate lower with CBA. The results of this study support the use of the cutting balloon as optimal treatment for bifurcation lesions. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:1,7) [source]

Immediate and Long-Term Outcome of Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
FEDERICO PISCIONE M.D.
Eighty-three consecutive patients with 85 coronary total occlusions undergoing coronary angioplasty were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occlusion age that was<30 days (subacute total occlusion [STO]: 25 patients; range 1,30 days) or>30 days (chronic total occlusion [CTO]: 58 patients; range 3,144 months). All procedures were carried out using a hydrophilic guidewire. Clinical success, consisting of crossing the lesion, balloon dilatation, stent deployment without complication, was 96% in STO and 81% in CTO. Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), left anterior descending and right coronary artery occlusions as independent predictors of a successful procedure. No major events occurred during or immediately after the angioplasty. After a mean follow-up of 24 ± 2 months, no difference was found in survival or freedom from myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization among the STO and CTO patients. Successful recanalization by using a hydrophilic guidewire was achieved in a high percentage of chronic total occlusions with a low incidence of complications and a satisfactory late clinical outcome. Family history of CAD and occlusion of left anterior descending or right coronary arteries are independent predictors of procedural success. [source]

Direct Coronary Stenting in Noncomplex and Noncalcified Lesions: Immediate and Mid-term Results of a Prospective Registry

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
MARC BEDOSSA M.D.
Stenting of coronary arteries is currently used in clinical practice. The aim of this prospective registry was to assess the feasibility and the safety of stent implantation without balloon predilatation in noncomplex and noncalcifed lesions. One hundred six stents were implanted in 85 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of native vessels (n = 95) or bypass grafts (n = 11). The lesions were type A (21%) or B1 (79%). The stent was a tubular or a coil stent in 71 ± and 29% of the cases, respectively. The angiographic success rate was 94%. The maximal pressure was 12.1 ± 2.1 atm. In only 7 cases, it was not possible to cross the stenosis with the stent, necessitating retrieval of it and predilation with a balloon before stent implantation. Three dissections after stent implantation were treated by a second stent implantation. The primary success rate was 98% (no acute closure or myocardial infarction). A clinical follow-up was obtained in 98% of patients with a mean delay of 6 ± 0.5 months. Eighty-one percent of patients were asymptomatic. The target lesion revascularization rate was 9.4%. Four patients underwent a new PTCA and four patients a coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This technique of stent implantation appears to be safe with good immediate and midterm results. A prospective randomized trial comparing this technique to the standard technique of stent delivery in noncomplex lesions is currently ongoing with an intravascular ultrasound substudy. [source]

Immediate and 5-year cumulative outcome after paediatric intensive care in Sweden

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 8 2008
N. GULLBERG
Background: Little has been reported about intensive care of children in Sweden. The aims of this study are to (I) assess the number of admissions, types of diagnoses and length-of-stay (LOS) for all Swedish children admitted to intensive care during the years 1998,2001, and compare paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with other intensive care units (adult ICUs) (II) assess immediate (ICU) and cumulative 5-year mortality and (III) determine the actual consumption of paediatric intensive care for the defined age group in Sweden. Methods: Children between 6 months and 16 years of age admitted to intensive care in Sweden were included in a national multicentre, ambidirectional cohort study. In PICUs, data were also collected for infants aged 1,6 months. Survival data were retrieved from the National Files of Registration, 5 years after admission. Results: Eight-thousand sixty-three admissions for a total of 6661 patients were identified, corresponding to an admission rate of 1.59/1000 children per year. Median LOS was 1 day. ICU mortality was 2.1% and cumulative 5-year mortality rate was 5.6%. Forty-four per cent of all admissions were to a PICU. Conclusions: This study has shown that Sweden has a low immediate ICU mortality, similar in adult ICU and PICU. Patients discharged alive from an ICU had a 20-fold increased mortality risk, compared with a control cohort for the 5-year period. Less than half of the paediatric patients admitted for intensive care in Sweden were cared for in a PICU. Studies are needed to evaluate whether a centralization of paediatric intensive care in Sweden would be beneficial to the paediatric population. [source]

Immediate and Late Outcomes of Transarterial Coil Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2006
F.E. Campbell
Records from dogs (n = 125) that underwent attempted transarterial coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at the University of California, Davis, between 1998 and 2003, were reviewed, and a subset of these dogs (n = 31) in which the procedure was performed at least 12 months earlier were reexamined to determine long-term outcome. Coil implantation was achieved in 108 dogs (86%). Despite immediate complete ductal closure in only 34% of dogs, the procedure was hemodynamically successful as evidenced by a reduction in indexed left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd; P < .0001), fractional shortening (P < .0001), and left atrial to aortic ratio (LA: Ao; P = .022) within 24 hours. Complete ductal closure was documented in 61% of dogs examined 12 to 63 months after coil occlusion. Long-standing residual ductal flow in the other 39% of dogs was not associated with increased indexed LVIDd or LA: Ao and was not hemodynamically relevant. Repeat intervention was deemed advisable in only 4 dogs with persistent (n = 1) or recurrent (n = 3) ductal flow. Complications included aberrant embolization (n = 27), death (n = 3), ductal reopening (n = 3), transient hemoglobinuria (n = 2), hemorrhage (n = 1), aberrant coil placement (n = 1), pulmonary hypertension (n = 1), and skin abscessation (n = 1). Serious infectious complications did not occur despite antibiotic administration to only 40% of these dogs. Transarterial coil occlusion was not possible in 14 dogs (11%) because of coil instability in the PDA and was associated with increased indexed minimum ductal diameter (P= .03), LVIDd (P= .0002), LVIDs (P= 0.001), and congestive left heart failure (P= .03) reflecting a relatively large shunt volume. [source]

Manipulation of glycemic response with isomaltulose in a milk-based drink does not affect cognitive performance in healthy adults

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 4 2010
Louise Dye
Abstract Previous research suggests that glucoregulation and nutrient interventions, which alter circulating glucose, impact cognitive function. To examine the effect of modulating glycemic response using isomaltulose on cognitive function 24 healthy male adult participants consumed energy and macronutrient-matched milk-based drinks containing 50,g isomaltulose, 50,g sucrose or a water control in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Interstitial glucose was measured continuously in 12 subjects and all provided 9 capillary measures on each test day. A 30-min cognitive test battery was administered before and twice (+35 and +115,min) after drink ingestion. Immediate, delayed, recognition, verbal and working memory, and psychomotor performance were assessed. Glycemic profiles induced by the drinks differed significantly during the first but not the second post-drink test battery. Neither administration of the sucrose nor isomaltulose drinks produced consistent effects on verbal or working memory, or psychomotor performance. This study used isomaltulose as an investigative tool to lower glycemic response. Importantly, it demonstrates a lack of effect of modulating glucose on cognitive performance based on reliable, continuously measured glycemia. It refutes the hypothesis that glycemia is associated with cognitive performance and questions the suggestion that isomaltulose has an effect on cognitive performance. [source]

Changes in a rat facial muscle after facial nerve injury and repair

MUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 9 2001
Davor Jergovi
Abstract This study describes changes in a rat facial muscle innervated by the mandibular and buccal facial nerve branches 4 months after nerve injury and repair. The following groups were studied: (A) normal controls; (B) spontaneous reinnervation by collateral or terminal sprouting; (C) reinnervation after surgical repair of the mandibular branch; and (D) chronic denervation. The normal muscle contained 1200 exclusively fast fibers, mainly myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIB fibers. In group B, fiber number and fiber type proportions were normal. In group C, fiber number was subnormal. Diameters and proportions of MyHC IIA and hybrid fibers were above normal. The proportion of MyHC IIB fibers was subnormal. Immediate and delayed repair gave similar results with respect to the parameters examined. Group D rats underwent severe atrophic and degenerative changes. Hybrid fibers prevailed. These data suggest that spontaneous regeneration of the rat facial nerve is superior to regeneration after surgical repair and that immediacy does not give better results than moderate delay with respect to surgical repair. Long delays are shown to be detrimental. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1202,1212, 2001 [source]

Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital heart disease: Immediate and long-term results of multi-institutional study

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2001
Shigeyuki EchigoArticle first published online: 21 DEC 200
AbstractBackground and Objectives: Several studies have been reported in Japan. However, the reports consist of small series at individual institutions. We evaluated the immediate to long-term results of balloon valvuloplasty (BVP) of congenital pulmonary and aortic stenosis at multi-institutions in Japan. Methods and Results: Immediate and follow-up data were obtained from eight institutions in Japan. In our series of 172 cases of pulmonary valuvuloplasty excluding critical pulmonary stenosis, the mean pressure gradient decreased immediately after BVP from 61~27 mmHg to 28~20 mmHg and the reduced gradient continued at follow-up in most cases. The BVP for critical pulmonary stenosis could be accomplished in 35 of 39 patients. The mean right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 102~29 mmHg to 62~23 mmHg. One of them required the surgical operation for perforation of the right ventricular outflow tract. In BVP for congenital aortic valvular stenosis of 77 cases excluding critical aortic stenosis, the mean pressure gradient decreased immediately after BVP from 68~24 mmHg to 34~23 mmHg. Thirty-one cases (55%) were free from any interventions in long-term follow-up. The BVP for critical aortic stenosis was performed in 29 neonates. The overall mortality rate was 34% and 24% of the patients required repeat intervention. The remaining 42% was free from any interventions. Conclusions: Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis is a safe and effective procedure and the initial treatment of choice. In spite of an occasional major complication, BVP for critical pulmonary stenosis is effective in many infants. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty is palliative. However, this procedure has the efficacy in deferring the surgical intervention. Balloon valvuloplasty for neonatal critical aortic stenosis is a useful method to recover from serious conditions. [source]

Antioxidative Responses of Two Marine Microalgae During Acclimation to Static and Fluctuating Natural UV Radiation

PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Paul J. Janknegt
Photoacclimation properties were investigated in two marine microalgae exposed to four ambient irradiance conditions: static photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400,700 nm), static PAR + UVR (280,700 nm), dynamic PAR and dynamic PAR + UVR. High light acclimated cultures of Thalassiosira weissflogii and Dunaliella tertiolecta were exposed outdoors for a maximum of 7 days. Dynamic irradiance was established by computer controlled vertical movement of 2 L bottles in a water filled basin. Immediate (<24 h), short-term (1,3 days) and long-term (4,7 days) photoacclimation was followed for antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione cycling), growth and pigment pools. Changes in UVR sensitivity during photoacclimation were monitored by measuring UVR-induced inhibition of carbon assimilation under standardized UV conditions using an indoor solar simulator. Both species showed immediate antioxidant responses due to their transfer to the outdoor conditions. Furthermore, upon outdoor exposure, carbon assimilation and growth rates were reduced in both species compared with initial conditions; however, these effects were most pronounced in D. tertiolecta. Outdoor UV exposure did not alter antioxidant levels when compared with PAR-only controls in both species. In contrast, growth was significantly affected in the static UVR cultures, concurrent with significantly enhanced UVR resistance. We conclude that antioxidants play a minor role in the reinforcement of natural UVR resistance in T. weissflogii and D. tertiolecta. [source]

Quality of Life at 2 years Follow-up After Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Immediate or Delayed Axillary Dissection for Breast Cancer

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010
Maryam Al Nakib MD
First page of article [source]

Agonistic behavior and electrical stimulation of the antennae induces Fos-like protein expression in the male cricket brain

ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2010
Kaushik Ghosal
Abstract Immediate early genes (IEG) such as c-Fos and Fos-related antigens (FRA) have been used as markers of neuronal activation. In this study, we determined whether the expression of c-Fos/FRAs is increased in the brains of adult male Acheta domesticus crickets following agonistic interactions. We looked for c-Fos/FRA proteins in the brain of un-fought, control male crickets and of dominant and subordinate male crickets sacrificed at different time periods following an agonistic interaction. Using immunoblot analysis, we found four different c-Fos/FRA-like proteins in the adult cricket brain. Continuous agonistic interaction increased c-Fos/FRA protein expression in the brains of subordinate males compared to control and dominant males. In addition, direct electrical stimulation of the male cricket antennae increased c-Fos/FRA-like protein in the brain. We identified the specific brain regions that exhibit c-Fos/FRA-like immunoreactivity in crickets. We detected c-Fos/FRA-like cellular immunoreactivity in different functional regions of the adult brain including the pars intercerebralis, protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and the cortex of the mushroom bodies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Immediate and associated complications of hysterectomy for benign disease

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
O Tamizian
ABSTRACT Abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy are common operations for benign gynaecological conditions. Though safe operations, they are not without complications. Good medical practice requires that patients be fully counselled regarding risks involved in undergoing medical interventions. This can only be done by regular review of local practice and comparison with national and international standards. We have reviewed 502 case notes of patients who have undergone a hysterectomy for benign conditions over an 18-month period. [source]

Immediate and subsequent effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior and noncontingent matched stimulation on stereotypy,

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2010
Marc J. Lanovaz
A three-component multiple-schedule and brief reversals were used to examine the effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and noncontingent matched stimulation (NMS) on the automatically reinforced mouthing of a child with autism. Both DRO and NMS decreased immediate engagement in mouthing, but NMS produced larger reductions in the behavior. Furthermore, NMS produced subsequent effects (i.e., when the treatment was withdrawn) similar to those of prior access, whereas DRO marginally increased subsequent engagement in mouthing. The results suggest that NMS was a functionally matched intervention for mouthing. Implications for the assessment and treatment of stereotypy and applications for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Treating sleep disturbance in infants: What generalizes?

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 1 2009
Dione Healey
When treating infant sleep problems implementing treatment procedures at bedtime-only might be easier and more efficient than requiring parents to implement procedures throughout the night, but only if improvements at bedtime generalize to later in the night. This study investigated the immediate and generalized effect of treating bedtime settling problems and later night waking in infants and whether it was parent or child behavior that generalized. Parents recorded sleep problems of seven infants (6,20 months) who exhibited chronic sleep disturbance, then implemented a graduated checking procedure at bedtime-only (Setting 1). A multiple-baseline across-settings and participants design was employed. Immediate (in Setting 1) and any generalized effects (in Setting 2) on wakings and other changes in parent and child behavior were assessed by diary information and all-night infra-red video recordings. Clinically significant reductions in sleep problems were evident for five out of seven infants, but these were not consistently observed until parents generalized their use of the procedure throughout the night. There was no evidence that the infants generalized changes in self-soothing from bedtime to later. It is concluded that changes in infant sleep problems are unlikely to occur unless parents actually alter their management of the problems across all settings in which the problems occur. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Immediate or delayed repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears: a randomised controlled trial

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 13 2008
S Ismail
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Author response to: Immediate or delayed repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears: a randomised controlled trial

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 13 2008
J Nordenstam
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Correlates of breast reconstruction,

CANCER, Issue 11 2005
Results from a population-based study
Abstract BACKGROUND Immediate or early postmastectomy breast reconstruction is performed infrequently. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding surgeon or patient perspectives on reconstruction treatment decisions. The purpose of the current study was to identify patient attitudes and preferences associated with breast reconstruction, and whether these differed by race. METHODS A sample of women age , 79 years who were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma between December 2001 and January 2003 was identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries of Detroit and Los Angeles. Eligible subjects completed a questionnaire at a mean of 7 months after diagnosis. The Wald chi-square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 1844 respondents, 646 underwent a mastectomy (35.0% of the total sample) and 245 of these patients received breast reconstruction (38.0%; of the mastectomy group). On multivariate analysis, younger patient age, higher educational levels, and earlier stage of disease were found to be significantly associated with breast reconstruction. Although 78.2% of women reported that breast reconstruction was discussed, only 11.2% correctly answered 3 basic knowledge questions regarding the procedure. The desire to avoid more surgery was the most common reason for not undergoing breast reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study found that the majority of women were aware of breast reconstruction but choose not to undergo the procedure. Lack of knowledge and a greater perception of barriers to the procedure were more common among African-American patients and women with a lower education level, suggesting a need for improved educational strategies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source]

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects using the amplatzer membranous VSD occluder: Immediate and midterm results of an international registry

CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 4 2006
Ralf Holzer MD
Abstract Objective: To report the immediate and midterm results of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) using the Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder (AMVSD). Methods: Between April 2002 and August 2004, 100 patients underwent an attempt of percutaneous device closure of PmVSD using the AMVSD in 24 international centers. The median age was 9.0 years (0.7,58 years) and the median weight was 27.5 kg (7,121 kg). Results: A device was successfully deployed in 93/100 (93%) patients. Reasons for procedural failure were an increased gradient across the left ventricle outflow tract in one patient, aortic regurgitation in 2 patients, and inability to securely position the device in 4 patients. The median VSD size by TEE was 7.0 mm (1.5,13 mm), median device size 10 mm (4,16 mm) and median fluoroscopy time 22.1 min (8.9,96.0 min). Weight below 10 kg (P = 0.0392), inlet extension of the VSD (P = 0.0139) and aortic cusp prolapse into the VSD (P = 0.0084) were significantly associated with a lower procedural success. Patients have been followed up for a median of 182 days (1,763 days). There were no procedure-related deaths. Complications were encountered in 29/100 (29%) patients, including rhythm or conduction anomalies in 13 patients (two with complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation), new or increased aortic (9 patients) or tricuspid (9 patients) regurgitation, most of which were classified as trivial or mild. Patients with a weight below 10 kg had a significantly higher incidence of adverse events than patients with a weight above 10 kg (58.3% versus 25.0%, P = 0.0285). Immediately after device release complete closure of the defect was present in 54/93 (58.1%) patients, increasing to 46/55 (83.6%) patients at 6-months follow-up (P = 0.0012). Left ventricle end-diastolic diameter decreased from a median of 44 mm prior to device closure to a median of 39 mm at 6-months postprocedure (P = 0.0015). Conclusion: Closure of PmVSDs using the AMVSD occluder is safe and effective. However, longer follow-up period is warranted prior to the wide spread use of this device. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]