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Illustrative Application (illustrative + application)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering25%
Chemistry25%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting25%

Selected Abstracts

A New Specification of Labour Supply in the MONASH Model with an Illustrative Application

THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2003
Peter B. Dixon
MONASH is a dynamic general equilibrium model of the Australian economy. This article describes a new labour-market specification for MONASH in which people are allocated in year t to categories according to their labourmarket activities in year t , 1. People in each category plan their labour supplies by solving an optimisation problem. Via these problems, we introduce the assumption that people in employment categories supply labour more strongly to employment activities than do people in unemployment categories. Thus we find that employment-stimulating policies in t , 1 increase labour supply in t by shifting the composition of the labour force in t in favour of employment categories and away from unemployment categories. We illustrate this idea by using MONASH to simulate the Dawkins proposal to combine a freeze on award wage rates with tax credits for low-wage workers in low-income families. We find that the Dawkins policy would generate a significant short-run increase in employment. With the increase in employment generating an increase in labour supply, the employment benefits of the policy would persist over many years. However, in the long run, we would expect the effect of the policy on aggregate employment to be small and to depend on how the policy affected the ratio of real after-tax wage rates to unemployment benefits. [source]

Numerical simulation of bolt-supported tunnels by means of a multiphase model conceived as an improved homogenization procedure

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 13 2008
Patrick de Buhan
Abstract This paper examines the possibility of applying a homogenization procedure to analyze the convergence of a tunnel reinforced by bolts, regarded as periodically distributed linear inclusions. Owing to the fact that a classical homogenization method fails to account for the interactions prevailing between the bolts and the surrounding ground and thus tends to significantly overestimate the reinforcement effect in terms of convergence reduction, a so-called multiphase model is presented and developed, aimed at improving the classical homogenization method. Indeed, according to this model, the bolt-reinforced ground is represented at the macroscopic scale as the superposition of two mutually interacting continuous phases, describing the ground and the reinforcement network, respectively. It is shown that such a multiphase approach can be interpreted as an extension of the homogenization procedure, thus making it possible to capture the ground,reinforcement interaction in a proper way, provided the constitutive parameters of the model and notably those relating to the interaction law can be identified from the reinforced ground characteristics. The numerical implementation of this model in a finite element method-based computer code is then carried out, and a first illustrative application is finally presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A posteriori corrections to multireference limited configuration interaction based on a Brillouin,Wigner perturbative analysis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2002
I. Hubac
Abstract A new a posteriori correction to the method of limited configuration interaction is described that attempts to restore a linear scaling with particle number. The corrections are based on an analysis of the limited configuration interaction method in terms of the Brillouin,Wigner perturbation theory using a Lippmann,Schwinger-like equation. The new correction procedure is general and, in this work, the application to the limited multireference configuration interaction approximation is considered in some detail. An illustrative application to the rigid rotation of the diimine molecule is presented and the results are compared with those obtained by employing Davidson-like corrections and the corresponding full configuration interaction energies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002 [source]

Skills Diagnosis Using IRT-Based Continuous Latent Trait Models

JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 4 2007
William Stout
This article summarizes the continuous latent trait IRT approach to skills diagnosis as particularized by a representative variety of continuous latent trait models using item response functions (IRFs). First, several basic IRT-based continuous latent trait approaches are presented in some detail. Then a brief summary of estimation, model checking, and assessment scoring aspects are discussed. Finally, the University of California at Berkeley multidimensional Rasch-model-grounded SEPUP middle school science-focused embedded assessment project is briefly described as one significant illustrative application. [source]

Recombination lines and free-free continua formed in asymptotic ionized winds: Analytic solution for the radiative transfer

ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 7 2009
R. Ignace
Abstract In dense hot star winds, the infrared and radio continua are dominated by free-free opacity and recombination emission line spectra. In the case of a spherically symmetric outflow that is isothermal and expanding at constant radial speed, the radiative transfer for the continuum emission from a dense wind is analytic. Even the emission profile shape for a recombination line can be derived. Key to these derivations is that the opacity scales with only the square of the density. These results are well-known. Here an extension of the derivation is developed that also allows for line blends and the inclusion of an additional power-law dependence beyond just the density dependence. The additional power-law is promoted as a representation of a radius dependent clumping factor. It is shown that differences in the line widths and equivalent widths of the emission lines depend on the steepness of the clumping power-law. Assuming relative level populations in LTE in the upper levels of He II, an illustrative application of the model to Spitzer/IRS spectral data of the carbon-rich star WR 90 is given (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Managing Transportation Infrastructure for Sustainable Development

COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2002
Edward O. Akinyemi
Major requirements for operationalization of the concept of sustainable development in urban transportation infrastructure operations management are presented. In addition, it is shown that the current approach to management is incompatible with the requirements for sustainable urban development. Consequently, the conceptual framework of a desirable approach is proposed. The philosophy of this approach is that the basic mission of infrastructure operations management is to obtain and maintain the maximum levels of people and goods mobility possible within the resources and environmental capacities in an area. A mathematical model is presented for obtaining the desirable levels and characteristics of traffic on each segment of an urban transportation network. In addition, three illustrative applications of the implemented model are presented. [source]

PARTIAL IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTERFACTUAL CHOICE PROBABILITIES,

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2007
Charles F. Manski
This article shows how to predict counterfactual discrete choice behavior when the presumed behavioral model partially identifies choice probabilities. The simple, general approach uses observable choice probabilities to partially infer the distribution of types in the population and then applies the results to predict behavior in unrealized choice settings. Two illustrative applications are given. One assumes only that persons have strict preferences. The other assumes strict preferences and utility functions that are linear in attribute bundles, with no restrictions on the shape of the distribution of preference parameters. [source]

General linearized biexponential model for QSAR data showing bilinear-type distribution

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 11 2005
Peter Buchwald
Abstract A major impediment of many QSAR-type analyses is that the data show a maximum or minimum and can no longer be adequately described by linear functions that provide unrivaled simplicity and usually give good description over more restricted ranges. Here, a general linearized biexponential (LinBiExp) model is proposed that can adequately describe data showing bilinear-type distribution as a function of not just often-employed lipophilicity descriptors (e.g., log P) but as a function of any descriptor (e.g., molecular volume). Contrary to Hansch-type parabolic models, LinBiExp allows the natural extension of linear models and fitting of asymmetrical data. It is also more general and intuitive than Kubinyi's model as it has a more natural functional form. It was obtained by a differential equation-based approach starting from very general assumptions that cover both static equilibriums and first-order kinetic processes and that involve abstract processes through which the concentration of the compound of interest in an assumed "effect" compartment is connected to its "external" concentration. Physicochemical aspects placing LinBiExp within the framework of linear free energy relationship (LFER) approaches are presented together with illustrative applications in various fields such as toxicity, antimicrobial activity, anticholinergic activity, and glucocorticoid receptor binding. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 94:2355-2379, 2005 [source]