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Ill Dogs (ill + dog)
Selected AbstractsIntermittent and Continuous Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Dogs: A Prospective Randomized TrialJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010M. Holahan Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in critically ill dogs and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in human medicine. Enteral nutrition (EN) delivery methods have been evaluated in humans to determine which is most effective in achieving caloric goals. Objectives: To compare continuous infusion and intermittent bolus feeding of EN in dogs admitted to a critical care unit. Animals: Fifty-four dogs admitted to the critical care unit and requiring nutritional support with a nasoenteric feeding tube. Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Dogs were randomized to receive either continuous infusion (Group C) or intermittent bolus feeding (Group I) of liquid EN. The percentage of prescribed nutrition delivered (PPND) was calculated every 24 hours. Frequencies of gastrointestinal (GI), mechanical, and technical complications were recorded and gastric residual volumes (GRVs) were measured. Results: PPND was significantly lower in Group C (98.4%) than Group I (100%). There was no significant difference in GI or mechanical complications, although Group C had a significantly higher rate of technical complications. GRVs did not differ significantly between Group C (3.1 mL/kg) and Group I (6.3 mL/kg) and were not correlated with the incidence of vomiting or regurgitation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There was a statistically significant difference in the PPND between continuously and intermittently fed dogs, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Critically ill dogs can be successfully supported with either continuous infusion or intermittent bolus feeding of EN with few complications. Increased GRVs may not warrant termination of enteral feeding. [source] Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007Danna M. Torre Background: Hyperglycemia associated with critical illness in nondiabetic human patients is a common occurrence in the intensive care unit (ICU), with a reported incidence as high as 71%. Hypothesis: Hyperglycemia in critically ill dogs increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Animals: Two hundred forty-five dogs hospitalized in the ICU over a 2-month period were evaluated. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-month period. All dogs in the ICU had their highest daily blood glucose concentration recorded. All dogs with diabetes were excluded from the study. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose concentration >120 mg/dL. Dogs with hyperglycemia were monitored for persistence and resolution of hyperglycemia. Results: During the study period, 245 dogs were evaluated, of which 38 (16%) were hyperglycemic. Twenty-six percent (10/ 38) developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization, whereas 74% (28/38) were hyperglycemic at presentation. Length of hospitalization (LOH) was shorter in dogs that presented with hyperglycemia compared with those that developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization (P= .001). Seventy-one percent (27/38) of dogs were discharged from the hospital, whereas the remaining 29% (11/38) died or were euthanatized. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher median glucose concentration (median, 176 mg/dL; range 122,310 mg/dL) than did survivors (median, 139 mg/dL; 121,191 mg/dL; P= .021). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The incidence of hyperglycemia in this population of dogs was 16%. Dogs that developed hyperglycemia had longer LOH and nonsurvivors had more pronounced hyperglycemia than did survivors. [source] Disseminated candidiasis secondary to fungal and bacterial peritonitis in a young dogJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 2 2009Catherine L. Rogers DVM, DACVECC Abstract Objective , To describe a severe case of bacterial sepsis and disseminated candidiasis in a previously healthy dog. Case Summary , Fungal sepsis was identified in a 2-year-old dog following intestinal dehiscence 4 days after abdominal surgery. Septic peritonitis was identified at admission and evidence of dehiscence at the previous enterotomy site was found during an exploratory laparotomy. Both gram-positive cocci and Candida albicans were cultured from the abdominal cavity. Candida sp. was also subsequently cultured from a central venous catheter. Euthanasia was performed due to failure to respond to therapy. Fungal organisms, morphologically consistent with Candida spp., were found in the lungs and kidney on postmortem histopathologic examination indicating disseminated candidiasis. New or Unique Information Provided , Candida peritonitis is a well-recognized entity in humans and contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Abdominal surgery, intestinal perforation, presence of central venous catheters, and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics are all considered to be suspected risk factors. This report describes the first known case of systemic candidiasis occurring secondary to Candida peritonitis and bacterial sepsis in a critically ill dog. [source] Evaluation of hematological, chemistry and blood gas values in dogs receiving hemoglobin glutamer-200JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 1 2007DACVECC, DACVIM, Marie E. Kerl DVM Abstract Objective: To evaluate the degree of interference that administration of hemoglobin glutamer-200 (Hb-200) caused for complete blood counts (CBC), biochemical profiles, cooximetry, and point of care (POC) testing in healthy dogs. Design: Prospective, longitudinal experimental study. Setting: Veterinary medical teaching hospital. Animals: Six purpose-bred research hounds. Interventions: Dogs were administered FDA-approved hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (Hb-200) intravenously at 7.5 mL/kg over 2 hours. Arterial and venous blood samples were obtained before administration (Time 0) and at 3, 8, 14, 26, 50, 74, 98, 122, and 146 hours following administration. Measurements and main results: No adverse health effects were observed in any of the dogs. Characteristic mucous membrane, serum, and plasma color changes occurred following administration of Hb-200. Laboratory values that were significantly lower than baseline included packed cell volume, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatinine, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Laboratory values that were significantly greater than baseline included mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, arterial pH, arterial total carbon dioxide, arterial bicarbonate, amylase, albumin, total protein, globulin, calcium, phosphorous, total bilirubin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin. All values returned to baseline by the completion of the 146-hour monitoring period. Conclusions: In normal dogs, administration of Hb-200 resulted in statistically significant changes in multiple laboratory parameters; however, these changes are not likely to be clinically significant in the care of critically ill dogs. [source] Descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters during emergent surgery in anesthetized critically ill dogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 4 2002Richard J. Mills DVM Abstract Objective: To explore the potential value of transesophageally-determined descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters in critically ill dogs undergoing surgery. Design: Observational case series. Setting: Private small animal referral hospital. Animals: Ten anesthetized critically ill dogs that underwent emergent surgery. Interventions: Placement of the ultrasonic transesophageal probe. Measurements and main results: Transesophageally-determined descending thoracic aortic blood flow, stroke volume, blood velocity, blood acceleration, left ventricular ejection time interval, and heart rate parameters were recorded every minute. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were non-invasively determined and recorded at 1,5 minute intervals. The anesthetist and surgeon were blinded to the descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters. All dogs received fluid challenges as part of their management, and 2 dogs received dopamine. The variability of the descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters within each dog was greater than has been reported in non-critically ill anesthetized dogs. Consistent trends in descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters after fluid challenges were not found. An escalating dopamine infusion was, however, accompanied by increasing aortic blood flow, stroke volume, acceleration, and peak velocity. Conclusions: Descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters may eventually be useful for evaluating the responses to and suggesting the need for cardiovascular interventions during emergent surgeries in anesthetized critically ill canine patients. For this to occur, more experience with this technology will be required. [source] Serial Estimation of Survival Prediction Indices Does Not Improve Outcome Prediction in Critically III Dogs with Naturally Occurring DiseaseJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 3 2001DACVECC, DACVIM, Lasely G. King MVB Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to test the value of adding serial measurements to the Survival Prediction Index (SPI 2), and to investigate whether time trajectories add predictive information beyond measurements at a single point in time. Design: Prospective clinical trial. Setting: Intensive care unit at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Animals: 63 critically ill dogs Interventions: Physiologic data were collected within 24 hours of admission to the ICU (Day 1), and again on Day 3 of hospitalization. Measurements: The first analysis applied the SPI 2 equation on Day 1 and again on Day3. Then a prediction model was re-estimated using Day 1 measurements, and the incremental predictive value of adding Day 1 to Day 3 change scores was evaluated. the third analysis tested the incremental predictive value of change scores in models containing only one prognostic variable. The final analysis compared the re-estimated Day 1 model to an analogously re-estimated Day 3 model. Main Results: Using the SPI 2 equation, the AUC was 7.7% higher using Day 3 measurements than that obtained using Day 1 measurements (P = 0.515). Starting with the re-estimated Day 1 model (AUC = 0.925), forward stepwise addition of the difference score for each variable did not result in an improvement in the AUC. The AUC for the re-estimated Day 1 model was not statistially different from that of the re-estimated model using Day 3 measurements. Conculusion: This study shows no benefit to repeated calculation of the SPI 2 later in hospitalization. [source] Intermittent and Continuous Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Dogs: A Prospective Randomized TrialJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010M. Holahan Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in critically ill dogs and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in human medicine. Enteral nutrition (EN) delivery methods have been evaluated in humans to determine which is most effective in achieving caloric goals. Objectives: To compare continuous infusion and intermittent bolus feeding of EN in dogs admitted to a critical care unit. Animals: Fifty-four dogs admitted to the critical care unit and requiring nutritional support with a nasoenteric feeding tube. Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Dogs were randomized to receive either continuous infusion (Group C) or intermittent bolus feeding (Group I) of liquid EN. The percentage of prescribed nutrition delivered (PPND) was calculated every 24 hours. Frequencies of gastrointestinal (GI), mechanical, and technical complications were recorded and gastric residual volumes (GRVs) were measured. Results: PPND was significantly lower in Group C (98.4%) than Group I (100%). There was no significant difference in GI or mechanical complications, although Group C had a significantly higher rate of technical complications. GRVs did not differ significantly between Group C (3.1 mL/kg) and Group I (6.3 mL/kg) and were not correlated with the incidence of vomiting or regurgitation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There was a statistically significant difference in the PPND between continuously and intermittently fed dogs, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Critically ill dogs can be successfully supported with either continuous infusion or intermittent bolus feeding of EN with few complications. Increased GRVs may not warrant termination of enteral feeding. [source] Von Willebrand Factor Antigen Concentration in Dogs with SepsisJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010C.L. Rogers Background: Von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen concentration, a marker of endothelial activation, is increased in human patients with multiorgan failure, sepsis, or both, and is an independent predictor of survival. Hypothesis/Objectives: vWF antigen concentrations are significantly higher in dogs with sepsis. Animals: Fourteen dogs hospitalized with sepsis. Sepsis was defined as microbiologic or cytologic evidence of infection combined with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Control dogs were healthy dogs, without evidence of disease. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis were considered eligible for enrollment into the study. Exclusion criteria included a previous diagnosis of von Willebrand disease or a recent history of a plasma transfusion. Citrated plasma samples were collected for analysis of vWF antigen by ELISA. All samples were drawn from dogs during hospitalization. Data between populations were analyzed using nonparametric statistical analysis with a P value < .05 considered significant. Results: Twenty-five dogs were enrolled; 14 dogs with sepsis and 11 control dogs. The median vWF antigen concentration in dogs with sepsis was 156% (range, 117,200%), which was significantly higher than healthy dogs (105%; range, 44,155%, P < .005). There was no difference between survivors and nonsurvivors with a median vWF antigen concentration of 144% (range, 136,201%) in survivors (n = 7) and 159% (range, 122,174%) in nonsurvivors (n = 7) (P= .5). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: vWF is increased in dogs with sepsis, possibly reflecting endothelial activation. Further exploration of endothelial function is warranted in critically ill dogs. [source] Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007Danna M. Torre Background: Hyperglycemia associated with critical illness in nondiabetic human patients is a common occurrence in the intensive care unit (ICU), with a reported incidence as high as 71%. Hypothesis: Hyperglycemia in critically ill dogs increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Animals: Two hundred forty-five dogs hospitalized in the ICU over a 2-month period were evaluated. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-month period. All dogs in the ICU had their highest daily blood glucose concentration recorded. All dogs with diabetes were excluded from the study. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose concentration >120 mg/dL. Dogs with hyperglycemia were monitored for persistence and resolution of hyperglycemia. Results: During the study period, 245 dogs were evaluated, of which 38 (16%) were hyperglycemic. Twenty-six percent (10/ 38) developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization, whereas 74% (28/38) were hyperglycemic at presentation. Length of hospitalization (LOH) was shorter in dogs that presented with hyperglycemia compared with those that developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization (P= .001). Seventy-one percent (27/38) of dogs were discharged from the hospital, whereas the remaining 29% (11/38) died or were euthanatized. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher median glucose concentration (median, 176 mg/dL; range 122,310 mg/dL) than did survivors (median, 139 mg/dL; 121,191 mg/dL; P= .021). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The incidence of hyperglycemia in this population of dogs was 16%. Dogs that developed hyperglycemia had longer LOH and nonsurvivors had more pronounced hyperglycemia than did survivors. [source] | ||||||||||