Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Analytical Perspective (analytical + perspective)
Selected AbstractsKeynes, Pigou and Cambridge Keynesians: Authenticity and Analytical Perspective in the Keynes,Classics DebateECONOMICA, Issue 290 2006G. C. HARCOURT No abstract is available for this article. [source] Development Discourses and Peasant,Forest Relations: Natural Resource Utilization as Social ProcessDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2000Anja Nygren This article analyses the changing role of forests and the practices of peasants toward them in a Costa Rican rural community, drawing on an analytical perspective of political ecology, combined with cultural interpretations. The study underlines the complex articulation of local processes and global forces in tropical forest struggles. Deforestation is seen as a process of development and power involving multiple social actors, from politicians and development experts to a heterogeneous group of local peasants. The local people are not passive victims of global challenges, but are instead directly involved in the changes concerning their production systems and livelihood strategies. In the light of historical changes in natural resource utilization, the article underlines the multiplicity of the causes of tropical deforestation, and the intricate links between global discourses on environment and development and local forest relations. [source] Ritual dynamics in humanitarian assistanceDISASTERS, Issue 2010Paul Richards Those who intervene in crises must take care to ensure that assistance does not undermine the processes through which social cohesion is generated or restored. From a neo-Durkheimian analytical perspective, feeding creates social loyalties as well as saves lives. Humanitarian agencies provide practical assistance to livelihoods, but they need also to create space for the ritual agency on which social cohesion depends. Attention to the rituals of food distribution helps humanitarian actors to address a potentially damaging dissociation between social and material facts. A post-war food security project in Sierra Leone is used to illustrate the point. The lessons of this intervention have implications for the organisation of humanitarian assistance at all levels, both international and local. The paper argues that establishing space for ritualisation within humanitarian programmes is an obligation for those who wish to do no harm. [source] ON THE ROLE OF THE PRIMARY SYSTEM IN CANDIDATE SELECTIONECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 2 2006MANDAR P. OAK How does the type of the primary system affect political outcomes? We address this issue by constructing a simple model that accounts for intra-party as well as inter-party political competition. Our model suggests that allowing non-partisan voters to participate in the primaries (i.e. a semi-open primary system) indeed improves the chances of a moderate candidate getting elected. However, this need not necessarily happen in the case of a completely open primary system. Under such a system there arise multiple equilibria, some of which may lead to a greater degree of extremism than the closed primary system. Thus, our model contributes to the current debate on the choice of primary systems from an analytical perspective and helps explain some of the empirical findings. [source] Contrasting Role Morality and Professional Morality: Implications for PracticeJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2003Kevin Gibson Investigating role morality is important, since the mentality of role morality may allow agents to believe they can abdicate moral responsibility when acting in a role. This is particularly significant in the literature dealing with professional morality where professionals, because of their special status, may find themselves at odds with their best moral judgments. Here I tell four stories and draw out some distinctions. I conclude that role morality is a genuine and useful distinction. However, I suggest that the purported distinction between role morality and professional morality is over-determined. Therefore, alleged conflicts between the demands of role and profession (such as the different pressures on Pinto designers as employees and as engineers) are not conflicts between different kinds of demands, but rather conflicts arising from divergent roles that most workers will encounter regularly. Another analytical perspective is to look at moral choices at work in terms of power and the ability to bring about change. Finally, I draw the implication that we should stress moral awareness at a fairly abstract level for all employees and reinforce the moral primacy of individual choice. [source] Designs for greenhouse studies of interactions between plants: an analytical perspectiveJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000R. P. Freckleton Summary 1,Experiments on competition between plant species are frequently designed without considering the analysis stage of the study. We argue that this omission may lead to over-complication of the issue of designing experiments. 2,An overwhelming number of studies have shown that the effects on performance of competition in plant mixtures may be described by simple (hyperbolic) regression models. The most natural view of the problem of measuring plant competition is therefore as a problem in regression. 3,Only with experiments designed explicitly to apply regression analyses can phenomena such as frequency dependence and the size dependence of measures of competition be identified. In contrast to previous assertions, this means that designs that are based around, or allow, regression analysis are the most robust as such effects may be tested for using appropriate statistics. 4,Experiments are probably most easily designed to measure competition as a function of the density of interacting species, rather than biomass. This is because the per unit biomass effect of competition on performance is a function of density. Competition measures based on biomass will hence be dependent on the density at which the experiment is performed. Furthermore, the most effective way to manipulate biomass is through changing species' densities. 5,In terms of economy of design, we would recommend simple additive series. Whilst this does not allow the role of frequency dependence to be analysed, this phenomenon appears to be rare in any case. [source] Life-Cycle Assessment and Temporal Distributions of Emissions: Developing a Fleet-Based AnalysisJOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Frank Field Summary Although the product-centered focus of life-cycle assessment has been one of its strengths, this analytical perspective embeds assumptions that may conflict with the realities of environmental problems. This article demonstrates, through a series of mathematical derivations, that all the products in use, rather than a single product, frequently should be the appropriate unit of analysis. Such a "fleet-centered" approach supplies a richer perspective on the comparative emissions burdens generated by alternative products, and it eliminates certain simplifying assumptions imposed upon the analysis by a product-centered approach. A sample numerical case, examining the comparative emissions of steel-intensive and aluminum-intensive automobiles, is presented to contrast the results of the two approaches. The fleet-centered analysis shows that the "crossover time" (i.e., the time required before the fuel economy benefits of the lighter aluminum vehicle offset the energy intensity of the processes used to manufacture the aluminum in the first place) can be dramatically longer than that predicted by a product-centered life-cycle assessment. The fleet-centered perspective explicitly introduces the notion of time as a critical element of comparative life-cycle assessments and raises important questions about the role of the analyst in selecting the appropriate time horizon for analysis. Moreover, with the introduction of time as an appropriate dimension to life-cycle assessment, the influences of effects distributed over time can be more naturally and consistently treated. [source] Complexity Theory and the Philosophy of EducationEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2008Mark Mason Abstract Following a brief introduction to complexity theory, this paper considers how various themes in the field relate to the philosophical study of education. Issues and questions introduced include the challenge of complexity theory for the philosophy of education,and, conversely, some critical challenges for complexity theory from educational philosophy; complexity theory and educational continuity and change; the importance that complexity theory places on interpretive perspectives that are transphenomenal, transdisciplinary and transdiscursive; the risks of simplifying complexity to a point that excludes its ambiguities and includes only its dominant usages; the degree of coherence between Dewey's philosophical orientation and that of complexity theory; how Foucault might be read as a complexity theorist; how educational research informed by complexity theory might ask different questions with different analytical perspectives,connectionist, holistic, non-linear, rather than input,output ,black-box' causal modelling, for example; and how curriculum, teaching, the epistemology of schooling, and the ,education of consciousness',understood s an emergent phenomenon,might be different when viewed from the perspective of complexity theory. [source] The German sustainable development strategy: facing policy, management and political strategy assessmentsENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2007Ralf Tils Abstract The Germans' conviction of being an international frontrunner in environmental policy stands in contrast to the unwillingness of the German national governments of the 1990s to undertake a commitment for a nationwide sustainable development strategy. Using five core strategy categories, namely horizontal and vertical integration, participation, implementation mechanism, monitoring and evaluation, this article provides an overview of the German sustainable development strategy preparation and implementation process. While the strategy is an ambitious concept, it also exhibits important shortcomings when viewed with different analytical perspectives such as policy, management and political strategy. Only with all of these perspectives combined can we arrive at specific conclusions about the assessment of the strategy process and make the essential characteristics of political strategy apparent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] GIS Methods in Time-Geographic Research: Geocomputation and Geovisualization of Human Activity PatternsGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2004Mei-Po Kwan Abstract Over the past 40 years or so, human activities and movements in space-time have attracted considerable research interest in geography. One of the earliest analytical perspectives for the analysis of human activity patterns and movements in space-time is time geography. Despite the usefulness of time geography in many areas of geographical research, there are very few studies that actually implemented its constructs as analytical methods up to the mid-1990s. With increasing availability of geo-referenced individual-level data and improvement in the geo-computational capabilities of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), it is now more feasible than ever before to operationalize and implement time-geographic constructs. This paper discusses recent applications of GIS-based geo-computation and three-dimensional (3-D) geo-visualization methods in time-geographic research. The usefulness of these methods is illustrated through examples drawn from the author's recent studies. The paper attempts to show that GIS provides an effective environment for implementing time-geographic constructs and for the future development of operational methods in time-geographic research. [source] Drug disposition of chiral and achiral drug substrates metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 isozyme: case studies, analytical perspectives and developmental implicationsBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 6-7 2006Nuggehally R. Srinivas Abstract The concepts of drug development have evolved over the last few decades. Although number of novel chemical entitities belonging to varied classes have made it to the market, the process of drug development is challenging, intertwined as it is with complexities and uncertainities. The intention of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of novel chemical entities (NCEs) that are substrates to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 isozyme. Topics covered in this review aim: (1) to provide a framework of the importance of CYP2D6 isozyme in the biotransformation of NCEs as stand-alones and/or in conjunction with other CYP isozymes; (2) to provide several case studies of drug disposition of important drug substrates, (3) to cover key analytical perspectives and key assay considerations to assess the role and involvement of CYP2D6, and (4) to elaborate some important considerations from the development point of view. Additionally, wherever applicable, special emphasis is provided on chiral drug substrates in the various subsections of the review. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Young people leaving care in SwedenCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 1 2010Ingrid Höjer ABSTRACT The transition from a placement in care to an independent life can be a problematic phase for young people. In Sweden, special care-leaving services are almost non-existent. What then happens to young people when they leave a placement in out-of-home care? This paper draws on the results of a study in which 16 young care leavers between the ages of 18 and 22 years were interviewed. Telephone interviews were also performed with the young care leavers' parents, social workers, foster carers and institutional staff. The aim of the study was to investigate how young care leavers perceive the transition from care to an independent life. The Swedish welfare model, the prolonged transition to adulthood and the family-oriented welfare discourse have been used as analytical perspectives. The results show that young care leavers have a pronounced need for social, emotional, practical and financial support. Whilst such support is occasionally provided by foster carers and residential staff, it is seldom given by social services or biological parents. This group is at risk of facing severe problems in the transitional phase from care to independent life, a fact that is not acknowledged by the Swedish welfare system. [source] | |||||||||||||