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Analytic Methodology (analytic + methodology)
Selected AbstractsLanguage and sexuality in Spanish and English dating chats1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 4 2006Marisol Del-Teso-Craviotto Three half-hour conversations each from five English and four Spanish dating chat rooms were analyzed following conversation analytic methodologies. Participants in the chats often engaged in playful and humorous erotic conversations, using a set of interactionally negotiated conventions about chatting that constitute a play frame, characterized linguistically by graphemic representations of laughter, appropriations, reproduction of a humorous pronunciation, and interactions through alter personae. Such playfulness enhances participants' pleasure while allowing them to maintain critical distance, and balances the constraints of public interaction with the pursuit of private erotic pleasures. This study contributes to our understanding of the social and discursive dimension of sexuality, going beyond issues of sexual identity and focusing on the conversational negotiation of eroticism and desire. [source] Replication of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study using a primary care medical record database prompted exploration of a new method to address unmeasured confoundingPHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 7 2008Mark G. Weiner M.D. Abstract Purpose To examine whether identifiable study characteristics and/or analytic methods used determine observational study validity, as assessed by replicating randomized controlled trials using observational data. Methods A cohort from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD) was used to replicate the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study RCT, which investigated statin treatment of hypercholesterolemic subjects with coronary heart disease. All aspects of the RCT except randomization were replicated to the extent possible in the GPRD study, which included 2,871 Unexposed and 1,280 statin-treated Exposed subjects. Results Overall mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 0.71 (0.53,0.96)] and myocardial infarction [adjusted HR 0.79 (0.61,1.02)] decreased in the GPRD study similar to the RCT. Coronary revascularization increased two-fold in the GPRD study, whereas it decreased significantly in the RCT [0.63 (0.54,0.74)]. This latter disparity prompted use of a new methodology to adjust for unmeasured confounding, which yielded an adjusted HR [1.0 (0.75,1.33)] more comparable to the RCT. Conclusions This study provides additional evidence that a replicated GPRD observational study can yield results reasonably similar to a RCT. More important, it provides preliminary evidence suggesting that a new analytic methodology may adjust for unmeasured confounding, the major limitation to research using observational data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prenatal PCB exposure and neurobehavioral development in infants and children: Can the Oswego study inform the current debate?PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2004Paul Stewart In the current paper we describe the methodology and results of the Oswego study, in light of D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow's (this issue) criticisms regarding the validity of the human health/behavioral claims in the PCB literature. The Oswego project began as a replication of the Lake Michigan Maternal Infant Cohort study. Beyond replication of the Michigan findings, the study sought to extend results and conclusions through more comprehensive behavioral assessment, and improved confounder control and analytic methodology. Results over the past 5 years have demonstrated a convincing replication of the Michigan findings. The Michigan cohort reported findings relating Great Lakes fish consumption to performance impairments on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (J. Jacobson, S. Jacobson, P. Schwartz, G. Fein, & J. Dowler, 1984). These findings were also found in the Oswego cohort (E. Lonky, J. Reihman, T. Darvill, J. Mather, & H. Daly, 1996), and the Oswego study extended the association to cord blood PCBS (P.W. Stewart, J. Reihman, E. Lonky, and T. Darvill, 2000). The Michigan cohort reported an association between prenatal PCB exposure and poorer performance on the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (S.W. Jacobson, G.G. Fein, J.L. Jacobson, P.M. Schwartz, & J.K. Dowler, 1985). The Oswego cohort found similar results (T. Darvill, E. Lonky, J. Reihman, P. Stewart, & J. Pagano, 2000). The Michigan Cohort reported an association between prenatal PCB exposure and performance impairments on the McCarthy Scales of Children's abilities (J. Jacobson & S. Jacobson, 1997). The Oswego study also found PCB-related impairments on the McCarthy Scales (P.W. Stewart, J. Reihman, E. Lonky, T. Darvill, & J. Pagano, 2003). The Oswego results used the same exposure metric in every paper, employed conservative statistical design and analysis, and controlled for more than 40 potentially confounding variables. Moreover, while PCBs were related to all the behavioral endpoints outlined above, alternative candidates for effect, including lead, HCB, Mirex, DDE, and MeHg were not. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that prenatal PCB exposure results in statistically significant predictors of small, but measurable, deficits in cognitive development from infancy through early childhood. Cicchetti et al. argue that these results, generated by independent investigators, be dismissed because they reflect a combination of measurement error, Type I error, and residual confounding. The evidence Cicchetti et al. present in support of their position fails to explain the nearly identical pattern of associations observed in the Oswego and Michigan Cohorts. In light of this replication, the extensive assessment of potential confounders, the effective elimination of alternative contaminants, and the conservative statistical approach employed in the Oswego study, we find that Cicchetti et al.'s claims are not substantiated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 639,653, 2004. [source] INVESTIGATING MATERIAL DECAY OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS USING VISUAL ANALYTICS WITH MULTI-TEMPORAL INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC DATAARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 3 2010MARIA DANESE This paper shows how visual analytics methodology can be used to facilitate interpretation of multi-temporal thermographic imagery for the purpose of restoration of cultural heritage. We explore thermographic data in a visual environment from the unifying spatio-temporal perspective in an attempt to identify spatial and spatio-temporal patterns that could provide information about the structure and the level of decay of the material, and the presence of other physical phenomena in the wall. The approach is tested on a thermographic dataset captured on the façade of a Romanesque building from the 13th century,the Cathedral in Matera (Italy). [source] | ||||||||||