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Anaerobic Cultures (anaerobic + culture)
Selected AbstractsNecrotizing fasciitis: delay in diagnosis results in loss of limbINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Rajat Varma MD A 58-year-old man presented to the Emergency Room with a 1-day history of severe pain in the left lower extremity preceded by several days of redness and swelling. He denied any history of trauma. He also denied any systemic symptoms including fever and chills. His past medical history was significant for diabetes, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and Evans' syndrome, an autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, for which he was taking oral prednisone. Physical examination revealed a warm, tender, weeping, edematous, discolored left lower extremity. From the medial aspect of the ankle up to the calf, there was an indurated, dusky, violaceous plaque with focal areas of ulceration (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Grossly edematous lower extremity with well-demarcated, dusky, violaceous plaque with focal ulceration Laboratory data revealed a white blood cell count of 6.7 × 103/mm3[normal range, (4.5,10.8) × 103/mm3], hemoglobin of 11.5 g/dL (13.5,17.5 g/dL), and platelets of 119 × 103/mm3[(140,440) × 103/mm3]. Serum electrolytes were within normal limits. An ultrasound was negative for a deep vein thrombosis. After the initial evaluation, the Emergency Room physician consulted the orthopedic and dermatology services. Orthopedics did not detect compartment syndrome and did not pursue surgical intervention. Dermatology recommended a biopsy and urgent vascular surgery consultation to rule out embolic or thrombotic phenomena. Despite these recommendations, the patient was diagnosed with "cellulitis" and admitted to the medicine ward for intravenous nafcillin. Over the next 36 h, the "cellulitis" had advanced proximally to his inguinal region. His mental status also declined, and he showed signs of septic shock, including hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Vascular surgery was immediately consulted, and the patient underwent emergency surgical debridement. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was then made. Tissue pathology revealed full-thickness necrosis through the epidermis with subepidermal splitting. Dermal edema was also present with a diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate (Fig. 2). This infiltrate extended through the fat into the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. Tissue cultures sent at the time of surgery grew Escherichia coli. Initial blood cultures also came back positive for E. coli. Anaerobic cultures remained negative. Figure 2. Necrotic epidermis with subepidermal splitting. Marked dermal edema with mixed infiltrate and prominent neutrophils. Hematoxylin and eosin: original magnification, ×20 After surviving multiple additional debridements, the patient eventually required an above-the-knee amputation due to severe necrosis. [source] Bactericidal effect of a 405-nm diode laser on Porphyromonas gingivalisLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 5 2009Y. Kotoku Abstract The study was conducted to determine the effect of 405-nm diode laser irradiation on periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. A diluted suspension of P. gingivalis was irradiated directly with a 405-nm diode laser under conditions of 100 mW-10 sec, 100 mW-20 sec, 200 mW-5 sec, 200 mW-10 sec, 200 mW-20 sec, 400 mW-5 sec, 400 mW-10 sec, and 400 mW-20 sec. The energy density ranged from 2.0 to 16.0 J/cm2. The irradiated bacterial suspension was spread on a blood agar plate and growth of the colonies was examined after an anaerobic culture for 7 days. Bacterial growth was inhibited under all irradiation conditions, but the bactericidal effect of the 405-nm diode laser depended on the energy density. More than 97% of bacterial growth was inhibited with irradiation at an energy density > 4.0 J/cm2. The mechanism of the bactericidal effect is photochemical, rather than photothermal. These findings suggest that a 405-nm diode laser has a high bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis. (© 2009 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Bronchopneumonia and oral health in hospitalized older patients.GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2002A pilot study Abstract Aims: To correlate microbial findings obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonia patients with the clinical situation of the oral cavity. Method: Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were carried out in 150 ml samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by means of an endoscope (Video Endoscope Pentax®) inserted per as in the infected bronchus. Material: Twenty consecutive patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in whom BAL was carried out for diagnostic purposes. A clinical evaluation of the oral health status (oral hygiene, caries, periodontal diseases) was subsequently carried out. Results: In seven edentulous subjects wearing complete dentures the culture of anaerobic microorganisms was negative or yielding less than 100 cfu/ml BAL. Two patients yielded high counts of S. aureus and one high counts of P. aeruginosa. In the 13 subjects with natural teeth left one showed high counts of Veillonella spp. (anaerobic)+P. aeruginosa, one high counts of Veillonella spp. +S. aureus, one high counts of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus and one high counts of E. coli. These four subjects showed poor oral hygiene, periodontal pockets and a BAL microflora consistent with periodontal pathology. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that microorganisms of denture plaque or associated with periodontal diseases may give rise to aspiration pneumonia in susceptible individuals. [source] Enhanced bio-hydrogen production from sweet sorghum stalk with alkalization pretreatment by mixed anaerobic culturesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2010Xiang-Xing Shi Abstract Bio-hydrogen production from sweet sorghum stalk using mixed anaerobic sludge was reported in this paper. Batch tests were carried out to analyze influences of several environmental factors on yield of H2 from sweet sorghum stalk under constant mesophillic temperature (36±1°C). The experimental results showed that, for the raw stalk, the cumulative hydrogen yield was 52.1,ml,g,1·TVS with utilization percentages of sugars, hemi-cellulose and cellulose in the stalk being 89.12, 15.23 and 13.89% respectively; whereas for the stalk pretreated by 0.4% NaOH solution at room temperature for 24,h, the cumulative hydrogen yield was 127.26,ml,g,1·TVS with utilization percentages of sugars, hemi-cellulose and cellulose being 99.17, 53.64, 41.56%, respectively. The hydrogen content in the biogas was about 53% while the methane content was less than 4% throughout the study. Besides hydrogen and methane, the main metabolic products detected were ethanol, propionate and butyrate. The experimental results suggested that the alkalization pretreatment of the substrate plays a crucial role in the conversion of the sweet sorghum stalk wastes into bio-hydrogen by the mixed anaerobic sludge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mutans streptococci in subgingival plaque of treated and untreated patients with periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2001W. A. Van Der Reijden Abstract Background: The etiology of root caries is thought to be identical to coronal caries, though root caries seem to be more complicated because of the higher susceptibility of exposed roots (dentin) by periodontal therapy to demineralization than intact enamel. This implies that mutans streptococci are the most likely pathogens in the development of root caries. Although it is known that both the numbers of mutans streptococci and the frequency of isolation in root caries lesions are negatively correlated with the distance from the gingival margin, the subgingival sulcus has not been considered a possible habitat for mutans streptococci. However, subgingival occurence of mutans streptococci in both untreated and treated periodontal patients has not been documented well in the literature. Objective: To investigate the presence and levels of mutans streptococci in the subgingival plaque of patients (n=154) in different stages of periodontal therapy. The subgingival sulcus may be a possible habitat for mutans streptococci. This localisation of mutans streptococci may be of importance in the development of root caries after periodontal surgery. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, subgingival plaque samples from 154 consecutive adult periodontitis patients were tested for presence and levels of mutans streptococci and putative periodontal pathogens by anaerobic cultures. These patients were divided into 4 groups based on their stage of periodontal treatment: (1) untreated patients; (2) patients after initial periodontal therapy only; (3) patients in the maintenance phase who not underwent periodontal surgery; (4) patients after periodontal surgery. Results: The prevalence of mutans streptococci in the 4 study groups varied from 82% in untreated patients to 94% in maintenance patients. The mean proportion of mutans streptococci was 6.65% in maintenance patients versus 1.86% in untreated patients (p=0.005) and 2.51% in patients after scaling and root planing (p=0.041). Conclusions: The subgingival area is a microbial habitat for mutans streptococci that may be of importance in the development of root caries in periodontitis patients. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Es wird angenommen, dass die Ätiologie der Wurzelkaries und der Kronenkaries übereinstimmen, obwohl die Entstehung von Wurzelkaries komplizierter zu sein scheint wegen der erhöhten Empfindlichkeit entblößter Wurzeln (Dentin) für Demineralisation im Vergleich zu gesundem Schmelz. Das bedeutet, dass MS die wahrscheinlichsten Pathogene für die Entstehung der Wurzelkaries sind. Obwohl bekannt ist, dass die Zahl der MS und die Häufigkeit ihres Nachweises aus Wurzelkariesläsionen negativ mit dem Abstand vom Gingivarand korrelieren, wurde die subgingivale Region bisher nicht als möglicher Lebensraum für MS erwogen. Das subgingivale Vorkommen von MS bei behandelten und unbehandelten Parodontitispatienten ist in der Literatur nicht gut dokumentiert. Die subgingivale Region könnte ein möglicher Lebensraum für MS und diese Lokalisation bedeutsam für die Entstehung von Wurzelkaries nach parodontaler Therapie sein. Zielsetzung: Untersuchung des Vorkommens und der Menge von MS in der subgingivalen Plaque von Patienten zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten parodontaler Therapie. Material und Methoden: In einer Querschnittsstudie wurden subgingivale Plaqueproben von 154 Patienten mit Erwachsenenparodontitis auf das Vorkommen und den Anteil von MS und putativer Parodontalpathogene in anaerober Kultur untersucht. Die Patienten wurden nach dem Stadium der parodontalen Therapie in 4 Gruppen unterteilt: (1) unbehandelte Patienten (n=51), (2) Patienten nach abgeschlossener Initialtherapie (Mundhygieneunterweisungen sowie Scaling und Wurzelglättung [SRP]) (n=41), (3) Patienten in der unterstützenden Parodontitistherapie (UPT), die nicht parodontalchirurgisch behandelt worden waren (n=48), und (4) Patienten nach Parodontalchirurgie (n=14). Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz der MS variierte in den 4 Untersuchungsgruppen von 82% bei unbehandelten bis 94% bei UPT-Patienten. Der mittlere Anteil der MS an subgingivaler Plaque lag bei 6.65% (UPT) im Vergleich zu 1.86% (unbehandelte Parodontitis) (p=0.005) bzw. zu 2.51% (SRP) (p=0.041) und 2.18% nach Parodontalchirurgie (n.s.) Schlußfolgerungen: Die subgingivale Region ist ein Lebensraum für MS, die eine Bedeutung für die Pathogenese der Wurzelkaries bei Patienten mit Parodontitis haben könnte. Résumé L'étiologie des caries radiculaires semble étre identique à celle des caries coronaires bien que les caires radiculaires paraîssent plus compliquées vu la susceptibilité plus importante des racines exposées (dentine) par le traitement parodontal à la même déminéralisation que ne l'est l'émail intact. Ceci a comme conséquence que les Streptocoques mutans sont vraisemblabement les pathogènes les plus problables dans le dévelopment des caries radicularies. Bien qu'il soit connu que les nombres de Streptocoques mutans autant que la fréquence de l'isolation des lésions carieuses radiculaires soient en corrélation négative avec la distance depuis la gencive marginale, le sulcus gingival n'a pas été considéré comme habitat possible pour les Streptocoques mutans. Cependant, l'occurence sous-gingivale des Streptocoques mutans chez les patients avec parodontite traitée ou non n'a pas été suffisamment documentée dans la littérature. Le but de cette étude a été d'analyser la présence et les niveaux de Streptocoques mutans dans la plaque sous-gingivale de 154 patients à différentes étapes de leur traitement parodontale. Le sillon sous-gingival pourrait dont être un habitat possible pour les Streptocoques mutans. Cette localisation peut être importante dans le dévelopment des caries radiculaires après le traitement parodontal. Dans cette étude croisée des échantillons de plaque sous-gingivale ont été prélevés chez 154 patients adultes avec parodontite pour vérifier la présence et les niveaux de Streptocoques mutans et d'autres pathogènes parodontaux putatifs par culture anaérobie. Les patients étaient divisés en 4 groupes suivant le stade de leur traitement parodontal: non-traité, traitement initial seulement, phase de maintien mais sans chirurgie, et patient après chirurgie parodontale. La fréquence globale des Streptocoques mutans dans les 4 goupes variaient de 82% chez les patients non-traités à 94% chez ceux au stade de maintenance. La proportion moyenne de Streptocoques mutansétaient de 6.65% chez les patients en maintenance versus 1.86% chez les patients non-traités (p=0.005) et de 2.51% chez les patients après détartrage et surfaçage radiculaire (p=0.041). L'aire sous-gingivale est donc un habitat microbien pour les Streptocoques mutans qui pourraient être assez importants dans le développement des caries radiculaires chez les patients souffrant de parodontite. [source] Infantile botulism: Clinical and laboratory observations of a rare neuroparalytic diseaseJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 2 2000E Urdaneta-Carruyo Abstract: A 3-month-old male infant was admitted to the University Hospital of Los Andes with a history of constipation, weak crying, poor feeding, flaccidity and later bilateral ptosis and hyporeflexia. The admission diagnosis was septicaemia until an electrophysiological study reported postetanic facilitation with 50 Hz/seg stimulations four days later. The Clostridium botulinum toxin type B was isolated from the infant's stool samples and the organism grew in anaerobic cultures. The patient recovered completely and was discharged 2 months later. Although infant botulism is an uncommon disease in our environment, this diagnosis must be suspected in all afebrile infants with constipation, affected cranial nerves and generalized hypotonia. The principal differential diagnoses are Landry-Guillain,Barré syndrome, poliomyelitis, myasthenia gravis and infant muscular atrophy. [source] Zero valent iron as an electron-donor for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in anaerobic sludgeBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 7 2005Srilakshmi Karri Abstract Zero valent iron (ZVI) is a reactive media commonly utilized in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). Sulfate reducing bacteria are being considered for the immobilization of heavy metals in PRBs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of ZVI as an electron donor for sulfate reduction in natural mixed anaerobic cultures. The ability of methanogens to utilize ZVI as an electron-donor was also explored since these microorganisms often compete with sulfate reducers for common substrates. Four grades of ZVI of different particle sizes (1.120, 0.149, 0.044, and 0.010 mm diameter) were compared as electron donor in batch bioassays inoculated with anaerobic bioreactor sludge. Methanogenesis was evaluated in mineral media lacking sulfate. Sulfate reduction was evaluated in mineral media containing sulfate and the specific methanogenic inhibitor, 2-bromoethane sulfonate. ZVI contributed to significant increases in methane production and sulfate reductioncompared to endogenous substrate controls. The rates of methane formation or sulfate reduction were positively correlated with the surface area of ZVI. The highest rates of 0.310 mmol CH4 formed/mol Fe0·day and 0.804 mmol SO reduced/ mol Fe0·day were obtained with the finest grade of ZVI (0.01 mm). The results demonstrate that ZVI is readily utilized as a slow-release electron donor for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in anaerobic sludge; and therefore, has a promising potential in bioremediation applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||