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Selected AbstractsRed blood cell quantification microfluidic chip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodesELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 9 2009Kwang Bok Kim Abstract This paper reports on a novel microfluidic chip with polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs) used to rapidly count the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in diluted whole blood. The proposed microdevice is based on the principle that the impedance across a microchannel between two PGEs varies sensitively as RBCs pass through it. The number and amplitude of impedance peaks provide the information about the number and size of RBCs, respectively. This system features a low-voltage dc detection method and non-contact condition between cells and metal electrodes. Major advantages include stable detection under varying cellular flow rate and position in the microchannel, little chance of cell damage due to high electric field gradient and no surface fouling of the metal electrodes. The performance of this PGEs-based system was evaluated in three steps. First, in order to observe the size-only dependence of the impedance signal, three different sizes of fluorescent microbeads (7.2, 10.0, and 15.0,,m; Bangs laboratories, USA) were used in the experiment. Second, the cell counting performance was evaluated by using 7.2,,m fluorescent microbeads, similar in size to RBCs, in various concentrations and comparing the results with an animal hematoanalyzer (MS 9-5; Melet schloesing laboratories, France). Finally, in human blood sample tests, intravenously collected whole blood was just diluted in a PBS without centrifuge or other pretreatments. The PGE-based system produced almost identical number of RBCs in over 800-fold diluted samples to the results from a commercialized human hematoanalyzer (HST-N402XE; Sysmex, Japan). [source] Production of a base population and its responses to F1 selection in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2008Haibin Zhang Abstract A base population of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck, was produced by crossing two cultured bay scallop populations. After 1 year of rearing, the top 10% truncation selection of the top 10% (i=1.755) was carried out in the base population of about 1300 adults. A control parental group with a an identical number to the select parental group was randomly selected from the entire population before isolation of the select parental group. The result showed that, at the larval stage, the growth rate of larvae in the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), and that the genetic gain was 6.78%. Owing to the lower density of control at the spat stage, the mean shell length of the control line was larger than that of the select line at day 100. When the same density was adjusted between two lines in the grow-out stage (from day 100 to 160), the daily growth rate of the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control line (P<0.05). Survival of the select line was significantly larger than that of the control line in the grow-out stage. In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment indicate that selective breeding from a base population with a high genetic diversity established by mass spawning between different populations appears to be a promising method of genetic improvement in bay scallop, A. irradians irradians Lamarck. [source] A case-control study on risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract: The Casteldaccia Eye StudyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2005Giuseppe Giuffrè Abstract. Purpose:,To investigate risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular age-related cataract. Methods:,A case-control study was carried out on subjects aged 40 years and older, living in Casteldaccia, Sicily. Twenty-seven potential risk factors were investigated. Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities of the lens were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Subjects with advanced lens opacities represented the cases, while an identical number of subjects without or with early cataract, matched for sex and age, were recruited as controls from within the same population. Results:,Univariate analysis showed that myopia and iris atrophy were significantly associated with nuclear cataract. Iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract were positively correlated with cortical cataract. Myopia, iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids and familial occurrence of cataract presented an association with posterior subcapsular cataract. After multivariate analysis, the variables that remained significantly associated were myopia and iris atrophy for nuclear cataract; iris atrophy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract for cortical cataract; and myopia, iris atrophy and familial occurrence of cataract for posterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusion:,In addition to well known risk factors such as myopia or use of corticosteroids, the Casteldaccia case-control study shows that iris atrophy represents a previously unrecognized risk factor for each of the three types of cataract. [source] Image analysis systems for the detection of disseminated breast cancer cells on bone-marrow cytospinsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2005Sven Becker Abstract We assessed the accuracy of automated cell imaging systems when compared to manual evaluation of cytospin slides in determining the presence of cytokeratin-positive, disseminated breast cancer cells in bone marrow aspirates. A total of 298 cytospin slides of bone marrow aspirates were first evaluated by individual screening by one expert immunocytologist. Subsequently, all 298 slides were evaluated by the Automated Cell Imaging System (ACIS) by ChromaVisionÔ. Two separate analysis cycles were performed using ACIS. The results of the two ACIS analysis cycles were almost identical: in 293 out of 298 samples (98.3%), identical numbers of disseminated breast cancer cells were detected. In the remaining five samples (1.7%), the result of the two ACIS analysis cycles differed by only one tumor cell. By using the manual technique, 120 cytospin samples were found to be positive. ACIS was able to detect additional tumor cells in 64 cases. Not once did ACIS miss tumor cells when compared to the manual technique. Using ACIS, we were able to determine the bone marrow status of patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer faster, with greater accuracy, and with greater reproducibility than with the manual technique. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:115,119, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||