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Ileal Mucosa (ileal + mucosa)
Selected AbstractsILEITIS AS A MAIN RECURRENT LESION IN A PATIENT WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS: REPORT OF A CASEDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2000Shuichi Sano We report a case of ulcerative colitis complicating ileitis that endoscopically and histologically resembled a colonic lesion. Eight years prior to the time of writing, the patient had undergone proctosigmoidectomy and ileocecal resection because of severe hemorrhagic lesions of ulcerative colitis. A month prior to the time of writing, bleeding from the stoma occurred. Endoscopy revealed erosions on easy-bleeding mucosa in the ileum but no active inflammatory lesions in colonic mucosa except for small erosions in the descending colon beneath the stoma. Histologic findings of biopsy specimens from the ileal mucosa showed marked inflammation including neutrophile infiltration and crypt abscesses. This is a rare case of ulcerative colitis showing ileitis as a main recurrent lesion, suggesting that careful observation of the small intestine will be required after ileocecal resection in ulcerative colitis patients. [source] Molecular analysis of bacterial populations in the ileum of broiler chickens and comparison with bacteria in the cecumFEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Jianhua Gong Abstract Bacterial populations in the ileum of broiler chickens were analyzed by molecular analysis of 16S rRNA genes and compared to those in the cecum. Bacteria found in the ileal mucosa were mainly Gram-positive with low G+C content. There were 15 molecular species among 51 cloned sequences. More than 70% of the cloned sequences were related to lactobacilli and Enterococcus cecorum. Two sequences had 95% or less homology to existing database sequences. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis revealed differences among bacterial populations present in the mucosa and lumen of the ileum. Comparative studies by T-RFLP and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes indicated a less diverse bacterial population in the ileum (mucosa and lumen) than in the cecum. Lactobacilli, E. cecorum, and butyrate-producing bacteria related (including both identified and unidentified species) sequences were the three major groups detected in ilea and ceca. Although butyrate-producing bacteria may have good potential in the development of novel probiotics for poultry, verifying the presence of the bacteria in the chicken gut is required to warrant further investigation. [source] Patchy distribution of mucosal lesions in ileal Crohn's disease is not linked to differences in the dominant mucosa-associated bacteria: A study using fluorescence in situ hybridization and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis,INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 6 2007Nadia Vasquez MS Abstract Background: The mucosa-associated bacteria (MAB) are suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. We analyzed and compared the MAB in noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients (n = 22). Methods: Tissue samples from the inflamed ileal mucosa and from the adjacent noninflamed ileal mucosa were taken from surgical resection specimens. The MAB were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization with 7 group-specific probes and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE). Results: Samples from both noninflamed and inflamed mucosa were obtained from 15 patients. The distribution of the bacterial populations was not different between noninflamed and inflamed mucosa. The Bacteroidetes phylum was dominant and accounted for 29% of MAB (0%,74%) in noninflamed tissues and 32% (0%,70%) in inflamed areas. The , Proteobacteria represented 12% (0%,70%) of MAB both in noninflamed and inflamed areas. The Clostridium coccoides group (Firmicutes phylum) represented 15% of MAB in noninflamed tissues versus 7% in inflamed areas. For most of the patients the similarity index between TTGE paired profiles was very high. Conclusion: The dominant MAB do not differ between noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. This argues against a localized dysbiosis to explain the patchy distribution of mucosal lesions. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source] Effects of ,-glucanase and xylanase supplementation on gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets fed a barley-based dietJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 2 2009C. L. Fan Summary The effects of supplementing a barley-based diet for weaned piglets with exogenous ,-glucanase and xylanase on gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities were investigated. Thirty-six cross-bred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to two groups with three pens based on sex and mass. Each group was fed on the diet based on barley with or without added ,-glucanase and xylanase (0.15%) for a 4-week period. The results showed that enzyme supplementation improved growth performance of piglets significantly (p < 0.05), but had no effect (p = 0.091) on average daily feed intake. The results also showed that supplementation of ,-glucanase and xylanase had no effect on pepsin activity in gastric contents but slightly decreased (p = 0.092) the pepsin activity in gastric mucosa. Meanwhile, no effect of enzyme supplementation on trypsin activity in duodenal contents was observed. However, the activities of amylase and lipase in duodenal contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas the activities of maltase, sucrase and ,-glutamyl transpeptidase (,-GT) in jejunal and ileal mucosa were enhanced significantly (p < 0.05). The improvement of disaccharidase and ,-GT activity may be attributed to the positive impacts of exogenous enzymes on digestion and absorption of the nutrients. In conclusion, the current results indicated that supplementation with enzymes in barley-based diets could improve the growth performance of piglets, decrease the activities of amylase and lipase in duodenal contents and increase the activities of disaccharidase and ,-GT in jejunal and ileal mucosa. [source] Ileal Uptake of Polyalkylcyanoacrylate Nanocapsules in the RatJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 9 2000CHRISTIANE DAMGÉ The ileal uptake of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules (less than 300 nm in diameter) has been investigated in the rat. Iodised oil (Lipiodol) was used as the tracer for X-ray microprobe analysis in scanning electron microscopy. Lipiodol nanocapsules, or an emulsion of Lipiodol, were administered in the lumen of an isolated ileal loop of rat. Lipiodol nanocapsules improved the absorption of the tracer as indicated by increased concentrations of iodine in the mesenteric blood (+27%, P < 0.01, compared with Lipiodol emulsion). Intestinal biopsies were taken at different time points and the samples underwent cryofixation and freeze-drying. The nanocapsules were characterized by their strong iodine emission, and electron microscopy of the biopsy samples revealed nanocapsules in the intraluminal mucus of the non-follicular epithelium, then in the intercellular spaces between enterocytes, and finally the nanocapsules were found within intravillus capillaries. However, nanocapsules were most abundant in the Peyer's patches, where the intestinal epithelium had been crossed by way of the specialized epithelial cells, designated membranous cells, or M cells, and their adjacent absorptive cells. These observations were confirmed quantitatively by measuring iodine concentrations in the various tissue compartments. Ten minutes after the intraluminal administration of Lipiodol nanocapsules, the emission of iodine peaked in the mucus (+77%, P < 0.01), in M cells (+366%, P < 0.001), in enterocytes adjacent to M cells (+70%, P < 0.05) and in lymph vessels (+59%, P < 0.05). Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules were able to pass through the ileal mucosa of the rat via a paracellular pathway in the non-follicular epithelium, and most predominantly, via M cells and adjacent enterocytes in Peyer's patches. [source] Comparison of Histopathologic Findings in Biopsies from the Duodenum and Ileum of Dogs with EnteropathyJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010D. Casamian-Sorrosal Background: In the investigations of dogs with chronic small intestinal diarrhea collection of ileal biopsies lengthens procedural time and has been of uncertain value. Objectives: To evaluate whether there was agreement between histologic changes present in samples of duodenal and ileal mucosa, and hence to provide initial information in the process of determining whether collection of ileal biopsies is clinically justified. Animals: 40 dogs with chronic small and large intestinal diarrhea from which endoscopic (in 30 cases) or surgical (in 10 cases) duodenal and ileal biopsies had been collected. Methods: Samples were reviewed concurrently by two observers (MJD and MDW) using the scoring system developed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group. Comparisons were made by kappa analysis. Results: Microscopic pathology was observed in 30 cases. Only eight out of this 30 (27%) had the same histopathologic diagnosis in both the duodenum and the ileum. This dropped to 3 out of 30 (10%) if different disease severity was also considered as disagreement. Microscopic pathology would have been found in 60% and 80% of the 30 cases, if only duodenal or ileal biopsies respectively, had been available. Conclusions and clinical importance: There was poor agreement between histopathological findings from duodenal versus ileal biopsies with abnormalities sometimes being more readily detected in the ileum. Routine collection of ileal plus duodenal samples appears warranted when concurrent small and large intestinal diarrhea is present. [source] Ischaemic preconditioning improves microvascular perfusion and oxygenation following reperfusion injury of the intestine,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 9 2005I. H. Mallick Background: Ischaemia,reperfusion (IR) injury of the intestine occurs commonly during abdominal surgery. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) provides a way of protecting the organ from damage inflicted by IR. This study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effect of IPC, focusing on the intestinal microcirculation and oxygenation in intestinal IR injury. Methods: Rats were allocated to three groups. Animals in the IR and IPC groups underwent 30 min of intestinal ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In the IPC group this was preceded by 10 min of ischaemia and 10 min of reperfusion. Animals in the third group underwent laparotomy but no vascular occlusion. Intestinal microvascular perfusion, oxygenation and portal venous blood flow (PVF) were monitored continuously. At the end of the reperfusion period, blood samples were obtained for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and biopsies of ileum for histological evaluation. Results: IPC improved intestinal microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation significantly at the end of the reperfusion period (P < 0·001). PVF improved significantly in the IPC compared with the IR group (P = 0·005). The serum LDH concentration was significantly lower in the IPC than the IR group (mean(s.e.m.) 667·1(86·8) versus 1973·8(306·5) U/l; P < 0·001) Histological examination showed that ileal mucosa was significantly less injured in the IPC group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that IPC improves intestinal microvascular perfusion and oxygenation. Copyright © 2005 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ileostomy carcinomas a review: the latent risk after colectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposisCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 6 2005H. M. Quah Abstract Background, Ileostomy carcinoma after colectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis is rare. Methods, Forty-three case reports from the literature and a case of ours are reviewed. Results, The risk of malignancy following ileostomy formation appears to be increased compared to the very low incidence of primary small bowel carcinoma. Chronic physical or chemical irritation of the stoma may predispose the ileal mucosa to colonic metaplasia with subsequent adenoma formation, dysplasia and invasive malignant change. This is particularly so where ileostomies are fashioned for familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis. Conclusion, Routine surveillance of patients who have had an ileostomy for 15 years or longer may lead to earlier detection of this complication. [source] | |||||||||||||