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Idiopathic Form (idiopathic + form)
Selected AbstractsModels of Parkinson's diseaseMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 7 2003Michael Orth MD Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogenous disease likely to be caused by more than one specific aetiological factor. In rare familial cases of PD with similar clinical features to the idiopathic form of the disease, the underlying genetic cause has been identified. These PD-associated genes have been manipulated to create animal and cell culture models of the disease that have helped to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD, particularly concerning causes of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons at the molecular level. In addition, these models will aid the future development of rational therapeutic strategies. This study briefly reviews toxin-induced models and the genetics of PD. It focuses on recently developed animal models of PD, as well as in vitro approaches to model the disease. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society [source] Mild cognitive impairment in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease,ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2009Jean-François Gagnon PhD Objective To investigate the frequency and subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in association with RBD. Methods One hundred and twelve subjects without dementia or major depression including 32 idiopathic RBD patients, 22 PD patients with polysomnography-confirmed RBD, 18 PD patients without RBD, and 40 healthy control subjects, underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. We compared the proportion of patients with MCI between groups using standard diagnostic criteria. Results MCI was found in 50% of idiopathic RBD patients and 73% of PD patients with RBD. In contrast, only 11% of PD patients without RBD and 8% of control subjects had MCI. The presence of MCI was significantly greater in idiopathic RBD patients and PD patients with RBD than in PD patients without RBD and control subjects. PD patients with RBD also performed worse than idiopathic RBD patients on neuropsychological tests assessing visuoconstructional and visuoperceptual abilities. Interpretation In both its association with PD and its idiopathic form, RBD is an important risk factor for MCI. Except for visuoconstructional and visuoperceptual problems, RBD may be an important determinant of cognitive impairment in PD. Ann Neurol 2009;66:39,47 [source] Clinical Immunology Review Series: An approach to the patient with angio-oedemaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009S. Grigoriadou Summary Angio-oedema is a common reason for attendance at the accident and emergency department and for referral to immunology/allergy clinics. Causative factors should always be sought, but a large proportion of patients have the idiopathic form of the disease. A minority of patients represent a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Failure to identify the more unusual causes of angio-oedema may result in life-threatening situations. Common and rare causes of angio-oedema will be discussed in this article, as well as the diagnostic and treatment pathways for the management of these patients. A comprehensive history and close monitoring of response to treatment are the most cost-effective diagnostic and treatment tools. [source] Mechanisms of vasomotor rhinitisALLERGY, Issue 2004R. Garay Summary Nonallergic non-infectious perennial rhinitis (NANIPER) is a heterogeneous disorder comprising several pathophysiological entities. The etiology of some of these disorders (e.g. drug-induced rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome [NARES], occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis, emotion-induced rhinitis, physical/chemical irritant-induced rhinitis) is well established. In contrast, the aetiology of idiopathic forms of rhinitis (also known as vasomotor rhinitis) is largely unknown. Mechanistic studies have suggested that non-IgE-mediated inflammatory and/or neurogenic processes may be involved. There is evidence that localized inflammation is the underlying cause of symptoms in drug-induced rhinitis and NARES, since eosinophilia is an important pathophysiological component in these conditions. In contrast, neurogenic reflex mechanisms initiated by environmental factors appear to be involved in idiopathic rhinitis. It has been suggested that there may be an imbalance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, with parasympathetic hyper-activity and sympathetic hypo-activity resulting in nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea. Indirect evidence suggests that C-fibres may also play an important role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic rhinitis. [source] | ||||||||||