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Hypersensitivity
Kinds of Hypersensitivity Terms modified by Hypersensitivity Selected AbstractsHypersensitivity to local anaesthetics , update and proposal of evaluation algorithmCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2008Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen Local anaesthetics (LA) are widely used drugs. Adverse reactions are rare but may be caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and probably also immediate-type reactions. As it is not always easy to clinically differ between these subtypes, allergy skin testing should be considered. Although numerous test protocols have been published, how patients with hypersensitivity reactions to LA are ideally evaluated remains a topic of discussion. This review attempts to generate a comprehensive update on allergic reactions to LA and to present an algorithm that can be used for the evaluation of patients suspected with immediate- and delayed-type immune reactions. Literature was examined using PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Biosis and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, the proposed algorithm may safely and rapidly distinguish between immediate-type and delayed-type allergic immune reactions. [source] Hypersensitivity to titanium osteosynthesis with impaired fracture healing, eczema, and T-cell hyperresponsiveness in vitro: case report and review of the literatureCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2006Peter Thomas There are very few reports on hypersensitivity reactions in association with titanium-based materials so that the existence of allergy to titanium is still put in question. We report on a patient in whom impaired fracture healing and eczema localized to the perioperative area developed upon titanium-based osteosynthesis. Patch testing gave no reactions to titanium nor to nickel, chromium, or cobalt. However, in the lymphocyte transformation test, the patient's lymphocytes showed markedly enhanced proliferation in vitro to titanium. After removal of the titanium material, fracture healing was achieved and the eczema cleared. Parallel to this, in vitro hyperreactivity to titanium disappeared. Although contact allergic reactions to titanium have been very rarely reported, these findings support a diagnosis of titanium allergy in our patient. [source] Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis: case report and review of the literatureCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004A. B. Krautheim Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic and disinfectant. Compared to its ubiquitous use in medical and non-medical environments, the sensitization rate seems to be low. Multivarious hypersensitivity reactions to the agent have been reported, including delayed hypersensitivity reactions such as contact dermatitis, fixed drug eruptions and photosensitivity reactions. An increasing number of immediate-type allergies such as contact urticaria, occupational asthma and anaphylactic shock have been reported. In the case report, we describe anaphylaxis due to topical skin application of chlorhexidine, confirmed by skin testing and sulfidoleukotriene stimulation test (CAST®: cellular antigen stimulation test). The potential risk of anaphylactic reactions due to the application of chlorhexidine is well known, especially that application to mucous membranes can cause anaphylactic reactions and was therefore discouraged. The use of chlorhexidine at a 0.05% concentration on wounds and intact skin was so far thought to be safe. Besides our patient, only one other case of severe anaphylactic reaction due to application of chlorhexidine on skin has been reported. Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is rare, but its potential to cause anaphylactic shock is probably underestimated. This review should remind all clinicians of an important potential risk of this widely used antiseptic. [source] Topical Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Bovine Collagen HypersensitivityDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2001Brent R. Moody MD Background. Soft tissue augmentation with bovine collagen is a common and safe aesthetic procedure. Despite adequate pretreatment testing, allergic reactions can develop. The medical literature provides little guidance to the clinician in the management of bovine collagen hypersensitivity. Objective. We describe a case of bovine collagen allergy treated with 0.1% topical tacrolimus and corticosteroids. Methods. Clinical evaluation and management of a patient with bovine collagen hypersensitivity. Results. Our patient responded to combined therapy with oral corticosteroids and topical tacrolimus. Conclusion. Topical tacrolimus may be a useful first-line or adjuvant therapy in the management of bovine collagen allergic reactions. Further clinical experience with its use for bovine collagen hypersensitivity is required to determine its true efficacy in this condition. [source] Warfarin-induced allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitisINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008K. G. Kapoor Abstract Warfarin sodium has been associated with leucocytoclastic vasculitis and has once been associated with allergic interstitial nephritis. Hypersensitivity to warfarin sodium simultaneously resulting in allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis has not yet been previously reported. We present a 48-year-old man who was on warfarin sodium for 2 months and presented with acute renal failure and reddish purplish macules on his hypogastric regions and lower extremities bilaterally. Kidney biopsy showed allergic interstitial nephritis and punch skin biopsy showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Both biopsies also showed high eosinophil count, highly suggestive of a drug-induced reaction. After a negative comprehensive work-up and the absence of other recent medication changes, our patient was determined to have allergic interstitial nephritis and leucocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to warfarin sodium. [source] Dentists' perceptions of dentine hypersensitivity and knowledge of its treatmentJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2002D. G. Gillam The aim of the present investigation was to determine by questionnaire, UK dentists' perception of Dentine Hypersensitivity (DH) and knowledge of its treatment. A total of 403 questionnaires were sent to a selected group of UK dentists who had either inquired about further postgraduate education or had attended a course at the Eastman Dental Institute/Hospital. A total of 181 of 403 dentists (44·9%) (118M; 36F, 17 no response, mean age 38·2 years [s.d. 8·97]) returned the questionnaire. About 92·8% (n=168) of responding dentists claimed to see patients with DH in their practice. According to the dentists' replies at least one of four of their patients suffered from the complaint. About 71·8% (n=130) of dentists reported that DH was a severe problem in at least 10% of their patients and that pain from DH lasted no more than 4 weeks. Most of responding dentists claimed to be asked about DH by their patients and stated that they offered advice or treatment to their patients. Nearly 87·3% (n=158) of responding dentists provided a wide range of treatment options/advice which included both In-office and over-the-counter (OTC) products. Popular responses included desensitizing pastes/gels, Topical F, varnishes and toothpastes/rinses/gels, advice on atraumatic tooth brushing, dentine bonding agents (DBA), glass,ionomer cements (GIC) and other unspecified restorations. Of the various In-office treatments Duraphat was the most cited choice of varnish/primer options. Sensodyne toothpaste was the most popular of the specified OTC products. Most dentists appeared to understand the aetiological features associated with DH and provided a wide range of factors including the effects of incorrect tooth brushing, dietary acids as well as the possible influence on non-dental topics such as stress. Most responding dentists believed that their advice on DH was generally effective although they did highlight that certain aspects on the condition were lacking such as appropriate scientific information including the prevention of DH and its treatment. The results from the present study highlight several discrepancies in the perception and knowledge of the treatment of DH between dentists and their patients. The results from this study are, however, reasonably consistent with those previously reported by Dutch investigators. The results from this study also highlighted a need for guidelines on the aetiology, prevention and treatment of DH for both dentists and their patients. The reported average frequency and duration of discomfort from DH by the responding dentists appeared to be consistent with the available literature. [source] Hypersensitivity of Plum Genotypes to Plum Pox VirusJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3-4 2001Kegler The hypersensitive response (HR) of plum hybrid K4 as an active defence mechanism is directed against certain plum pox virus (PPV) strains/isolates of the type CG but not against type DI. There is no clear correlation between the HR of K4 and serological differences of the PPV strains D, M and C, respectively. A total of 14 genotypes out of 21 progenies of K4 reacted necrotically and were proved to be either hypersensitive and field resistant or highly sensitive and not field resistant. The HR can be connected with a complete or with an incomplete virus localization in K4 and some of its progenies. The remaining genotypes were more or less sensitive and tolerant, respectively. Growth of buds from PPV-CG-infected plum cultivars on K4 differed in the degree of systemic virus invasion in the plant as a trait of quantitative virus resistance. The percentage of growing buds correlated with the level of quantitative PPV resistance. [source] Hypersensitivity and oral tolerance in the absence of a secretory immune systemALLERGY, Issue 5 2010M. R. Karlsson To cite this article: Karlsson M-R, Johansen F-E, Kahu H, Macpherson A, Brandtzaeg P. Hypersensitivity and oral tolerance in the absence of a secretory immune system. Allergy 2010; 65: 561,570. Abstract Background:, Mucosal immunity protects the epithelial barrier by immune exclusion of foreign antigens and by anti-inflammatory tolerance mechanisms, but there is a continuing debate about the role of secretory immunoglobulins (SIgs), particularly SIgA, in the protection against allergy and other inflammatory diseases. Lack of secretory antibodies may cause immune dysfunction and affect mucosally induced (oral) tolerance against food antigens. Methods:, We used polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) knockout (KO) mice, which cannot export SIgA or SIgM, to study oral tolerance induction by ovalbumin (OVA) feeding and for parenteral antigen sensitization in the same animal. Results:, Remarkable systemic hyperreactivity was observed in pIgR KO mice, as 50% died after intradermal OVA challenge, which was not seen in similarly sensitized and challenged wild-type (WT) mice. Oral tolerance induced by OVA completely protected the sensitized pIgR KO mice against anaphylaxis and suppressed antibody levels (particularly IgG1) as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to OVA. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to a bystander antigen, human serum albumin, was also suppressed and T-cell proliferation against OVA in vitro was reduced in tolerized compared with non-tolerized pIgR KO mice. This effect was largely mediated by CD25+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of splenic putative regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+) obtained from OVA-fed pIgR KO mice to naïve WT mice mediated suppression of DTH against OVA after sensitization of the recipients. Conclusion:, Compensatory regulatory T-cell function becomes critical in pIgR-deficient mice to avoid the potentially catastrophic effects of systemic immune hyperreactivity, presumably resulting from defective secretory antibody-mediated immune exclusion of microbial components. [source] Respiratory allergy in apprentice bakers: do occupational allergies follow the allergic march?ALLERGY, Issue 4 2004J. Walusiak Background:, This prospective study describes the incidence, risk factors and natural history of occupational respiratory allergy in apprentice bakers. Methods:, Two hundred and eighty-seven apprentice bakers were examined using a questionnaire, skin prick tests (SPTs) to common and occupational allergens, evaluation of total serum IgE level and specific anti-flour and , -amylase IgE, before, 1 year and 2 years after the onset of vocational training. To diagnose occupational respiratory disease, spirometry, histamine and allergen-specific inhalation challenge tests were performed. Results:, The incidence of work-related chest symptoms was 4.2% in the first year and 8.6% in the second year of exposure. Hypersensitivity to occupational allergens developed in 4.6 and 8.2% of subjects, respectively. The incidence of occupational allergic rhinitis was 8.4% after 1 year and 12.5% after 2 years, and that of occupational asthma/cough-variant asthma 6.1 and 8.7%, respectively. The latency period of work-related rhinitis symptoms was 11.6 ± 7.1 months and chest symptoms 12.9 ± 5.5 months. Only in 20% of occupational asthmatics could allergic rhinitis be diagnosed a stage earlier. In 21 out of 25 subjects with occupational asthma, chronic cough was the sole clinical manifestation of the disease. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that positive SPT to common allergens was a significant risk factor of hypersensitivity to occupational allergens (OR = 10.6, 95% CI 5.27; 21.45), occupational rhinitis (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.71; 9.14) and occupational asthma (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 3.01; 18.04). Moreover, positive SPT to occupational allergens on entry to the training was a significant risk factor of asthma (OR = 6.9, 95% CI 0.93; 51.38). Conclusions:, The incidence of occupational asthma and rhinitis in apprentice bakers is high and increases z with the duration of exposure. Skin reactivity to common and occupational allergens is the main risk factor of bakers' asthma. Most cases of work-related respiratory symptoms among apprentice bakers are related to a specific sensitization. In most subjects who developed occupational asthma, rhinitis occurred at the same time as the chest symptoms did. [source] Diagnosis and therapy of food allergyMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 5 2004Jesús F. Crespo Abstract According to the recently revised nomenclature for allergy [1] the term "Food Hypersensitivity" is proposed to define a reaction on food exposure causing objectively reproducible symptoms or signs at a dose tolerated by normal subjects. Those reactions to food in which immunologic mechanisms are demonstrated comprise the term "Food Allergy". Immunologic reactions to food in which an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanism is established are defined as IgE-mediated food allergy. This review focuses on IgE-mediated allergic reactions to foods. [source] Cholecystokinin octapeptide increases rectal sensitivity to pain in healthy subjectsNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 6 2002J-M. Sabaté Abstract, Hypersensitivity during rectal distension has been demonstrated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies performed in animals and indirect data in humans suggest that cholecystokinin (CCK) could modulate visceral sensations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of i.v. infused sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on rectal sensitivity in response to distension. In eight healthy subjects, rectal sensitivity and compliance were determined during a randomized double-blind study, with four sessions each separated by 7 days. Sensory thresholds and rectal compliance were assessed during slow-ramp (40 mL min,1) and rapid-phasic distensions (40 mL s,1, 5 mmHg stepwise, 1-min duration), and were compared before and during continuous infusion of either saline or CCK-OP at 5, or 20 or 40 ng kg,1 h,1. During rapid phasic distension but not during slow ramp distension, CCK-OP at 40 ng kg,1 h,1 produced a significant decrease in sensory thresholds compared with the basal period. Rectal compliance was not modified by any infusion. At pharmacological doses, CCK-OP decreases sensory thresholds during rapid phasic distension that may preferentially stimulate serosal mechanoreceptors, but has no effect on mucosal mechanoreceptors stimulated during slow ramp distensions. Modulation of rectal sensitivity by CCK could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the rectal hypersensitivity observed in IBS. [source] Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity is Common in Patients Presenting with Hip Fracture and Unexplained FallsPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 9 2009M.Sc., VASILEIOS SACHPEKIDIS M.D. Background:We tried to determine the prevalence of carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) in patients with hip fractures with and without a clear history of an accidental fall. Methods:We studied 51 patients hospitalized for a hip fracture and 51 matched controls from our outpatients department. All patients were subjected to a carotid sinus massage in the supine and upright position. Patients were categorized in accidental (Group A) and unexplained (Group B) fallers. Results:Six of 33 (18.2%) patients in Group A and 12 of 18 (66.7%) patients in Group B (P < 0.001) had a positive response to the carotid sinus massage. Nine controls (17.6%) also demonstrated CSH. Patients in Group B were older (A: 75.5 ± 8.5 years vs B: 80.1 ± 5.9 years, P =0.029) and were more likely to have a history of unexplained falls or syncope in the past (A: 0% vs B: 66.7%, P < 0.0001) than individuals in group A. Vasodepressor/mixed forms accounted for the majority of CSH responses in Group B (75%). When compared with the control group, CSH was still more common in Group B (B: 66.7% vs control: 17.6%, P < 0.0001) but not in Group A (A: 18.2% vs control: 17.6%, P =1.000). Conclusions:The prevalence of CSH is increased in elderly patients with hip fractures, only in those who present with an unexplained fall and report a history of syncope or unexplained falls in the past. The vasodepressor/mixed forms account for the majority of CSH responses in the group of unexplained fallers. [source] The Role of Central Hypersensitivity in the Determination of Intradiscal Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Discogenic PainPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Juerg Schliessbach PhD Abstract Objective., The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between central hypersensitivity (assessed by pressure pain thresholds of uninjured tissues) and intradiscal pain threshold during discography. The secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that peripheral noxious stimulation dynamically modulates central hypersensitivity. Patients., Twenty-four patients with positive provocation discography were tested for central hypersensitivity by pressure algometry before and after the intervention with assessments of pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds. Intradiscal pain threshold was assessed by measuring intradiscal pressure at the moment of pain provocation during discography. Correlation analyses between intradiscal pain threshold and pressure algometry were made. For the secondary aim, pressure algometry data before and after discography were compared. Results., Significant correlation with intradiscal pain threshold was found for pressure pain detection threshold at the toe (regression coefficient: 0.03, P = 0.05) and pressure pain tolerance thresholds at the nonpainful point at the back (0.02, P = 0.024). Tolerance threshold at the toe was a significant predictor for intradiscal pain threshold only in multiple linear regression (0.036, P = 0.027). Detection as well as tolerance thresholds significantly decreased after discography at the painful and the nonpainful point at the back, but not at the toe. Conclusions., Central hypersensitivity may influence intradiscal pain threshold, but with a modest quantitative impact. The diagnostic value of provocation discography is therefore not substantially impaired. Regional, but not generalized central hypersensitivity is dynamically modulated by ongoing peripheral nociceptive input. [source] Hypersensitivity to Social Rejection and Perceived Stress as Mediators between Attachment Anxiety and Future Burnout: A Prospective AnalysisAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Sigalit Ronen Drawing on Sociometer Theory, the current study examined whether the tendency to focus on and worry about social rejection at the workplace can predict stress and burnout. Data were collected at two time points from 231 hotel employees. Prospective-longitudinal design, structural equation modeling analyses revealed that participants' hypersensitivity to social rejection at the workplace predicted an increase in stress and in burnout across the 1 month of participation. Furthermore, the findings revealed that hypersensitivity to social rejection fully mediated the link between attachment anxiety and future stress and that hypersensitivity to social rejection and stress fully mediated the link between attachment anxiety and future burnout. Approximately 64 per cent of the variance in future burnout was explained by these variables. The results demonstrate the significant role social evaluative stressors play in the development of stress responses at the workplace. S'appuyant sur la sociometer theory, la présente étude examine si la tendance à se préoccuper et s'inquiéter du rejet social sur le lieu de travail peut prédire le stress et l'épuisement. Les données ont été collectées par deux fois auprès de 231 employés d'hôtellerie. Le traitement des études longitudinales par des analyses de modélisation par équations structurelles révèle que l'hypersensibilité des sujets au rejet sur le lieu de travail contribue à une augmentation du stress et de l'épuisement au cours du mois de participation. Les conclusions soulignent que l'hypersensibilité au rejet social est totalement influencée par le lien entre anxiété, attachement et stress futur et que l'hypersensibilité au rejet social et au stress est totalement influencée par le lien entre anxiété, attachement et épuisement à venir. Approximativement 64% de la variance de l'épuisement à venir est expliqué par ces variables. Les résultats montrent le rôle significatif joué par des sources de stress liées au jugement social d'autrui dans le développement des réponses de stress sur le lieu de travail. [source] Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in association with chronic Epstein,Barr virus infection and natural killer (NK) leukaemia/lymphoma with expansion of NK cells expressing a low level of CD56BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2002A. Adachi No abstract is available for this article. [source] Collar-induced elevation of mRNA and functional activity of 5-HT1B receptor in the rabbit carotid arteryBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 8 2000Inge S Geerts Hypersensitivity to serotonin (5-HT) develops in rabbit collared carotid arteries. Previous data demonstrated the involvement of 5-HT1 -like receptors which are not active in normal carotid arteries. This study investigated the interaction in the rabbit carotid artery between 5-HT and a moderate tone as this can uncover functional 5-HT1 -like receptors. Furthermore, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein of 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT2A receptors was addressed. Silicone collars were placed around the carotid arteries of male New Zealand White rabbits for 1 week. Rings from inside (=collar) and outside (=sham) the collar were either mounted in isolated organ baths for isometric force measurements or frozen in liquid nitrogen to isolate total RNA or proteins which were subsequently analysed by respectively reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In sham and collared rings concentration-response curves (CRC's) to 5-HT were monophasic. Only in collared segments the presence of a 5-HT2A antagonist (spiperone or ketanserin, 0.1 ,M) revealed a biphasic CRC which was even more pronounced when a moderate tone was induced by KCl pointing to functional 5-HT1 -like receptors. The rabbit carotid artery constitutively expressed 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A mRNA, not 5-HT1D mRNA. Manipulation of the carotid artery increased the 5-HT1B mRNA level. Collar placement raised it even further. The 5-HT2A mRNA level remained unchanged. All the anti-5-HT receptor antibodies tested resulted in variable, non specific patterns with multiple bands. In conclusion, collar placement elevates mRNA expression and activity of the 5-HT1B receptor in the rabbit carotid artery. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 131, 1723,1731; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703732 [source] Successful carboplatin desensitization in patients with proven carboplatin allergyCANCER, Issue 3 2005Ronit Confino-Cohen M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Carboplatin is one of the most useful and well tolerated cytotoxic drugs for gynecologic malignancies. Hypersensitivity to carboplatin is not rare among patients receiving multiple recurrent treatments with this drug. The aim of the current study was to offer a safe and convenient carboplatin desensitization strategy to patients with a proven allergic reaction to this drug. METHODS Patients with an immediate objective allergic reaction to carboplatin were skin tested with the drug. A 6-hour carboplatin desensitization protocol was administered to the patients with a carboplatin-positive skin test on each of the following treatment courses. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with an allergic reaction to carboplatin and a positive skin test were included in the current study. Twenty patients (86.9%) were desensitized. One patient developed a mild urticarial rash. Nineteen patients tolerated 80 desensitization courses uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS The data presented a successful desensitization protocol for individuals with a proven allergic reaction to carboplatin. The protocol was safe and convenient and offered an effective therapeutic strategy to patients who required this drug. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Cutaneous allergic reactions to tattoo inkJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Ravneet Ruby Kaur BSN Summary Tattoo artists use many compounds to create tattoo pigment and several allergic reactions can occur as a result of these additives. The compositions of many inks have been identified; however, as new mixtures are created it becomes difficult to identify the specific ingredients in a particular ink. Allergic reactions to a particular pigment can manifest in several ways including allergic contact dermatitis and photoallergic dermatitis. Subsequently, tattoo ink or pigment allergy reactions can be classified as acute inflammatory reactions, allergic hypersensitivities, and granulomatous, lichenoid, and pseudolymphomatous types of reactions. This paper will review the clinical manifestations and the most common compounds associated with cutaneous reactions to tattoo ink. [source] Genetic differences in omega-gliadins involved in two different immediate food hypersensitivities to wheatALLERGY, Issue 8 2007M. Laurière Background:, Anti-gliadin IgE are expressed in patients with food allergy associated to skin immediate hypersensitivity to hydrolyzed wheat proteins (IHHWP). It is not known if they react with ,5-gliadins, the major allergens in wheat dependant exercise-induced food anaphylaxis (WDEIA), encoded on wheat chromosomes 1B. Methods:, Unmodified gliadins from 14 wheat varieties expressing most of the 1B ,-gliadin alleles, were immunoprobed after SDS-PAGE and blotting, with four sera from patients with IHHWP, and two with WDEIA. Gliadins reacting with IgE were visualized using chemiluminescence and identified according to their mobility and typical SDS-PAGE pattern. The resulting signal was also measured to compare their IgE reactivity. Results:, IHHWP and WDEIA sera exhibited distinct patterns of reactivity. IgE of patients with IHHWP reacted mainly with all ,-gliadins alleles and one ,-gliadin encoded respectively on chromosomes 1D and 1B, but not with any ,5-gliadins alleles as for WDEIA. A few other reactive alleles of ,-gliadins were encoded on chromosomes 1A. Unassigned additional bands of the whole gliadin pattern were also reactive. The four patients with IHHWP exhibited almost the same pattern of reactivity. Main differences concerned band reactivity which modulated the overall reactivity of each wheat variety. Conclusions:, The IgE epitopes involved in IHHWP and WDEIA are different. This suggests that the protein state and the route of exposure to very similar gluten structures, probably orientate the pattern of epitope reactivity and the wheat food allergy manifestations. [source] Food allergy: immunology of the GI mucosa towards classification and understanding of GI hypersensitivitiesPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2001Hugh A. Sampson No abstract is available for this article. [source] The changing face of food hypersensitivity in an Asian communityCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 7 2007W. C. Chiang Summary Background Food allergy seems to be increasing in Asia as well as world-wide. Our aim was to characterize food protein sensitization patterns in a population of Asian children with possible food allergy. Methods Children presenting to our allergy clinic over 3 years with symptomatic allergic disease and at least one specific food allergen sensitization documented on skin prick testing were included in the analysis. Results Two hundred and twenty-seven patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Ninety (40%) of the positive skin tests were positive to egg, 87 (39%) to shellfish, 62 (27.3%) to peanut, 30 (13.2%) to fish, 27 (11.8%) to cow's milk, 21 (9.3%) to sesame, 13 (3.7%) to wheat and eight (3.2%) to soy. Peanut sensitization was the third most common sensitizing allergen, and seen mostly in young atopic children with multiple food hypersensitivities and a family history of atopic dermatitis. The median reported age of first exposure to fish and shellfish was 6 and 12 months, respectively. The mean age at presentation of children with shellfish hypersensitivity was at 6.7 years of age. The likelihood of shellfish sensitization was increased in children with concomitant sensitization to cockroaches. Conclusions In contrast to previously reported low peanut allergy rates in Asia, in our review, peanut sensitization is present in 27% (62/227) of food-allergic children, mostly in patients with multiple food protein sensitizations. Temporal patterns of first exposure of infants to fish and shellfish are unique to the Asian diet. Shellfish are a major sensitizing food source in Asian children, especially in allergic rhinitis patients sensitized to cockroaches. [source] Immediate hypersensitivity to carob podsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2009Peter Komericki No abstract is available for this article. [source] Delayed-type hypersensitivity to heparins: different patterns of cross-reactivityCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2008Luis Palacios Colom No abstract is available for this article. [source] Drug-elicited systemic allergic (contact) dermatitis , update and possible pathomechanismsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2008Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen An allergic dermatitis reaction may develop after systemic exposure to a hapten that reaches the skin through haematogenous transport. This condition can be observed with and without previous cutaneous sensitization to the hapten but has traditionally been described following topical exposure. A heterogeneous clinical picture, in combination with limited insight to its pathomechanisms, makes such systemic reactions an area in need of further study. This article summarizes knowledge about systemic dermatitis elicited by drugs, with a special emphasis on possible pathomechanisms. A list of putative pathomechanisms is offered for future research. Literature was examined using PubMed,MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, it is likely that humoral type 3, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and drug-driven (i.e. p-i concept) reactions are involved. As commonly used terms may be misleading because skin contact is not a prerequisite, we suggest that the term ,systemic allergic dermatitis' should be used in the future. [source] Cellular dynamics in the draining lymph nodes during sensitization and elicitation phases of contact hypersensitivityCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2007Jeppe Madura Larsen Background:, The different role of various immunological effector cells in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is receiving increased attention. During the past decade, the involvement of different cell types in CHS has been investigated by the use of antibody-induced depletion of specific subtypes of immunological cells and by studying knockout mice lacking one or more of these immunological cell populations. Objectives:, To develop a method for studying the collective cellular dynamics of immune cells in the draining lymph nodes during CHS in intact animals. Patients/Methods:, Mice were sensitized and/or challenged with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene or oxazolone. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry we determined the proliferation, activation state, and absolute number of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells in the draining lymph nodes. Results:, The presented method can be applied to evaluate the effect of different contact allergens on various cell populations of the immune system. Conclusions:, Our study support recent findings that several cell types seem to be involved in CHS. [source] Detection of contact hypersensitivity to corticosteroids in allergic contact dermatitis patients who do not respond to topical corticosteroidsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2005Müzeyyen Gönül The delayed hypersensitivity development against topical corticosteroids which are used in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) treatment is an important clinical problem. In our study, 41 ACD patients who did not show any response to topical corticosteroid treatment were patch tested with corticosteroid series and the commercial preparations of corticosteroids and their vehicles. In corticosteroid series, there were budesonide, bethametasone-17-valerate, triamcinolone acetonide, tixocortol pivalate, alclomethasone-17-21-dipropionate, clobetasole-17-propionate, dexamethasone-21-phosphate disodium and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate. We detected positive reaction to corticosteroids in 9 of our cases (22%) (5 single and 4 multiple). The sensitivity was mostly produced by tixocortol pivalate (6 patients). This was followed by triamcinolone acetonide (2 patients) budesonide (2 patients), alclomethasone dipropionate (2 patients), dexamethasone 21 phosphate disodium (2 patients) and betamethasone-17-valerate (1 patient). As a result, it should not be forgotten that the corticosteroids used to treat ACD patients may cause ACD themselves. In ACD patients who did not respond to corticosteroid treatment, routinely applying patch test with corticosteroids should be helpful in directing the treatment. [source] Contact urticaria from Emla® creamCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5-6 2004J. Waton We report the first case of immediate-type hypersensitivity caused by Emla® cream. A 55-year-old woman, after using Emla® cream, went on to develop urticaria. An open test was positive to Emla® cream. Patch tests and prick tests were performed with Emla® cream, the components of Emla® cream (lidocaine, prilocaine and castor oil) and other local anaesthetics. The patch test with lidocaine and the prick test with Emla® cream were both positive. An intradermal test and subcutaneous administration of 3 anaesthetics that had negative patch tests and prick tests were performed and well tolerated, allowing their use. In the literature, anaphylactic reactions to lidocaine injections, delayed-type hypersensitivity after lidocaine subcutaneous injections and contact dermatitis from Emla® cream have all been described. This first case of contact urticaria from Emla® cream was due to lidocaine and did not show any cross-reaction with other local anaesthetics. [source] P03 Type-I and -IV hypersensitivity to platinum saltsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Willeke Kamphof A 28-year-old female analytical chemist visited our patch test clinic with initially complaints of severe hand dermatitis. Later on she developed rhinitis, bronchial asthma and tightness of the chest. The complaints seemed work related: her condition improved during holidays and on sick leaves. She worked in a laboratory with several platinum salts and used different kinds of gloves (latex, nitril, etc.). Methods:, Patch tests were performed with the European Standard series and prick tests with common inhalant allergens. Patch-, prick- and open patch tests were carried out with various aqueous dilutions of platinum chloride (PtCl2). Results:, Patch tests with 0.01,2% PtCl2 were positive on day 2, 3 and 6, and at 0.001% a follicular reaction was found. The prick-test was already positive at the lowest concentration tested (0.001%). The open patch test, carried out retro-auricular, showed a positive reaction at 1 and 2% PtCl2 after 20 min. Controls in healthy volunteers (n = 5) were all negative. Discussion:, It is well known that platinum salts can cause type-I hypersensitivity reactions like allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and urticaria, also referred to as platinosis. Contact dermatitis to platinum salts, however, is very rare. In our patch test clinic, 78 patients were tested between 1987 and 2001 with PtCl2 2%. Only 2 women showed a positive patch test for PtCl2. The patient presented here, stopped working with platinum salts and recovered from all complaints. We interpret our case as occupational type-I and type-IV hypersensitivity to platinum salts with mucosal and dermal manifestations. [source] P43 Acute urticaria to infliximabCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Ana Giménez-Arnau Infliximab is a chimeric antitumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Acute infusion reactions, headache, fever, chills, urticaria and chest pain were seen in 17% of patients with infliximab compared with 7% of those receiving placebo. Other adverse cutaneous reactions are fungal dermatitis, eczema, seborrhoea, hordeolum, bullous eruption, furunculosis, periorbital oedema, hyperkeratosis, rosacea, verruca, skin pigmentation, alopecia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, lichenoid drug eruption, erythema multiforme, perniosis-like eruption, granuloma annulare and acute folliculitis. Any pathogenic mechanism has been suggested. Patch test with infliximab can induce flare-up of lesions, nausea and malaise and suggest a percutaneous absortion. A sixty years-old man with atopy background and rheumatoid arthritis treated with Remicare®, infliximab who developed a severe acute urticaria with angioedema is presented. The lesions appearance after previous endovenous administrations and the worsening spreading wheals days after the injection clinically suggested an hypersensitivity mechanism. The protocolized study drug hypersensitivity performed showed only the Prick Test positivity with infliximab at 30/60 minutes. Patch test with infliximab was negative and any adverse event was reported. Actually the patient is treated with etanercept and this drug is well tolerated. This result suggested a type I hypersensitivity mediated reaction. Urticaria could be induced as immunologic reaction of the host against the murine part of infliximab, just as it hapens with other antichimeric antibodies. [source] P73 The magnitude of contact allergy responses can be quantified with imaged perfusionCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Bolli Bjarnason Objective:, The objective of this study was to determine whether the magnitude of the perfusion of the contact hypersensitivity response as measured by the laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) technique was associated with immunological parameters implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods:, Urushiol was applied on one of the forearms of volunteers for 48 hours while the other forearm served as a control. Twenty-four hours later, measurements of perfusion of the patch test sites were performed with the LDPI technique. To determine whether there was a correlation with immunological parameters associated with human contact hypersensitivity, suction blisters were produced at the test sites. Blister fluid was removed and examined for the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Results:, There was an extremely close correlation between the magnitude of the contact hypersensitivity response as measured by the imaged perfusion and the level of IL-8 in the blister fluid (r = 1.00). Compared to subjects with visually positive urushiol reactions, patients who failed to develop urushiol contact hypersensitivity despite repeated exposures to that substance had both greatly diminished perfusion and blister fluid IL-8 levels. Conclusion:, The results indicate that LDPI is a sensitive method of quantifying contact hypersensitivity reactions in humans and that the magnitude of the measurements with this technique correlates extremely well with cutaneous cytokine levels that have been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||