JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2001
Article first published online: 24 SEP 200
Leblond, J. D.1 & Chapman, P. J.2 1Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132. 2US EPA (NHEERL), Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 Studies of the lipids of different algal species have revealed a diversity of fatty acids, sterols, and hydrocarbons, of which several are considered useful biomarkers, with potential for characterizing phytoplankton community composition. To extend this approach and characterize the lipids and lipid classes of laboratory-cultured marine dinoflagellates, a silicic acid fractionation system was developed to obtain compositional data for sterols and hydrocarbons of over forty species. In the course of this work, a neutral fraction obtained from a lipid extract of Pyrocystis lunula was found to contain an abundant quantity of a long-chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, along with previously reported keto-steranes. The hydrocarbon molecular weight (364) and retention time obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis suggested a C27 compound, which was confirmed by reduction (Adams catalyst) to give the straight chain alkane, n-heptacosane. The presence of eight double bonds was established by deuteration to give a product with molecular weight 396. While the positions of double bonds have not been established, the carbon number of this hydrocarbon and the number of double bonds strongly suggest formation by decarboxylation of the recently described, long-chain polyunsaturated C28 fatty acid shown to be a constituent of phospholipids. This hydrocarbon was not found in any other genus of the examined dinoflagellates, and appears to be one of the first identifications of a hydrocarbon in this class of algae. The function(s) of this compound in P. lunula is currently unclear. [source]

CLINES IN CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS IN TWO DROSOPHILA SPECIES WITH INDEPENDENT POPULATION HISTORIES

EVOLUTION, Issue 6 2010
Francesca D. Frentiu
We took a comparative approach utilizing clines to investigate the extent to which natural selection may have shaped population divergence in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) that are also under sexual selection in Drosophila. We detected the presence of CHC clines along a latitudinal gradient on the east coast of Australia in two fly species with independent phylogenetic and population histories, suggesting adaptation to shared abiotic factors. For both species, significant associations were detected between clinal variation in CHCs and temperature variation along the gradient, suggesting temperature maxima as a candidate abiotic factor shaping CHC variation among populations. However, rainfall and humidity correlated with CHC variation to differing extents in the two species, suggesting that response to these abiotic factors may vary in a species-specific manner. Our results suggest that natural selection, in addition to sexual selection, plays a significant role in structuring among-population variation in sexually selected traits in Drosophila. [source]

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Polymers: Epoxy/Fluorinated Acrylic Macromonomers

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS & ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2010
Marco Sangermano
Abstract A fluorinated acrylic resin was synthesized for use as a co-monomer with a commercially available epoxy resin for UV-cured interpenetrating polymer network preparation. Hybrid IPN networks were achieved with morphology ranging from a co-continuous IPN to complete phase separation simply by changing monomer ratios. Highly hydrophobic coatings with good adhesion properties on glass substrates were obtained. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of a New Chiral N-Substituted Pyrazole Using a Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbon.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 32 2002
A. Auhmani
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Synthesis, Characterization, and Bipolar Transporting Behavior of a New Twisted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: 1,,4,-Diphenyl-naphtho-(2,.3,:1.2)-pyrene-6,-nitro-7,-methyl Carboxylate

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 25 2010
Qichun Zhang Prof.
Abstract An asymmetric twistacene, 1,,4,-diphenyl-naphtho-(2,.3,:1.2)-pyrene-6,-nitro-7,-methyl carboxylate (tetracene 2), was synthesized by using benzyne-trapping chemistry. Its structure, determined by X-ray crystallography, confirmed that this material has a twisted topology with torsion angles as high as 23.8(3)°. Organic light-emitting devices using tetracene 2 as either charge-transporting materials or emitters have been fabricated. The results indicate that this material has bipolar transporting behavior in these devices. [source]

Bioremediation of 6 % [w/w] Diesel-Contaminated Mainland Soil in Singapore: Comparison of Different Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation Treatments

ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006
M. Mathew
Abstract The efficacy of indigenous microorganisms to degrade diesel oil in contaminated mainland sites in Singapore was investigated. A semi-scale trial was made by spiking topsoil with 6,% [w/w] of diesel oil. The results indicated that in the presence of NPK commercial (Rosasol®) fertilizer a 53,% reduction in contaminant concentration was recorded after 60,days compared to untreated controls while the addition of a mixture of urea and K2HPO4 effected a 48,% reduction in the Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons. A commercial culture and an enriched/isolated microbial association proved to be the least effective with 25 and 9,% reductions, respectively. The results confirmed the bioremediation potential of indigenous microorganisms for diesel-oil contaminated mainland soil. Identification of the persistent compounds was done and perceived as a tool in decision-making on strategies for speeding up of the degradation process to achieve clean-up standards in shorter remediation periods. [source]

Partition Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Between Aged Coal Tar and Water,

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2009
Lihua Liu
Abstract Coal tar aged in a large-scale, artificial aquifer experiment for five years was subsequently investigated for leaching behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After five years, the initially liquid coal tar had solidified and formed segregated particles with a grain size similar to that of the sandy aquifer material. The composition of the aged coal tar (ACT) with regard to PAHs was remarkably different from that of the original bulk coal tar (BCT), because most of the low-molecular-weight compounds had been depleted. Equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations of 17 PAHs leaching from the aquifer material containing the ACT were measured from consecutive equilibration steps at increasing temperatures of between 25 and 100C using accelerated solvent extraction. The results showed 2-to 5,000-fold lower concentrations than those from BCT, indicating dramatic changes of dissolution behavior of PAHs from coal tar after the five-year aging period. Predictions based on Raoult's law with the subcooled liquid solubilities substantially overestimated the equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations of the PAHs from ACT, whereas the estimations were reasonable if the solid solubilities were employed instead. The enthalpies of phase transfer from ACT to water were determined based on the van't Hoff equation. The resulting values agreed with the dissolution enthalpies of pure solid rather than subcooled liquid PAHs. [source]

Nest Hydrocarbons as Cues for Philopatry in a Paper Wasp

ETHOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
A. Sumana
Philopatric behavior has been demonstrated in a wide taxonomic spread of animals. In temperate environments, overwintered Polistes wasp foundresses often return to their natal nest prior to initiating colony construction. Previous research has shown that these spring foundresses can identify the natal nest in the absence of landmark and gross morphological cues. Hydrocarbons are essential recognition cues for Polistes nest and nestmate discrimination, but cuticular hydrocarbon profiles can become homogenized when foundresses overwinter in mixed colony groups. We examined the hydrocarbon profiles of Polistes dominulus foundresses and nests before and after an overwintering period, and found that the hydrocarbon profiles of nests remain unique over time and that this uniqueness is influenced by the original foundresses. Our data raise the possibility that in returning to the natal nest, foundresses reacquire their colony-specific signature, which may play a role in the formation of cooperative associations. [source]

Pauson,Khand Reaction of Allenic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis of 4-Alkylidenecyclopentenones

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 17 2010
Frédéric Antras
Abstract The carbonyldicobalt-mediated alkyne/allene/CO cocyclization gives 4-alkylidenecyclopentenones as the major [2+2+1] cycloadducts. The regio- and stereoselectivities depend mainly on the substitution pattern of both the alkyne and the allenic moieties, which can be rationalized using the Magnus mechanism. However, contrary to this model, and in agreement with more recent mechanistic studies, our results provide evidence that both initial pseudo-equatorial and pseudo-axial coordination modes of the allenic hydrocarbons onto one of the cobalt atoms of the primary alkyne,dicobalt complex are involved. DFT calculations supporting both these coordination modes are given. [source]

Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils

FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002
N. T. Minh Tu
Abstract The compositions of Vietnamese pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck), orange (C. sinensis Osbeck), tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco var. tangerine) and lime (C. limonia Osbeck) peel oil samples have been investigated by GC and GC,MS. The essential oils were extracted by the cold-pressing method. Hydrocarbons, followed by aldehydes and alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all four kinds of samples. Their percentages, respectively, were >98.7%, >97.6%, >98.6% and >95.4% in hydrocarbons; >0.3%, 0.4%, >0.3% and 1.1% in total aldehydes; 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.7% in alcohols. In Vietnamese pummelo oil, ,-terpinene was not detected, while terpinolene was detected in small amounts and nootkatone only at a level of <0.05%. Orange oil composition was comparable to that of other sweet orange oils. ,-3-Carene was detected at a level of 0.1%. Tangerine oil is easily distinguished from other citrus oils by its content of various aliphatic aldehydes. Lime oil presented a very different composition from the other oils studied. Its limonene content was substantially lower than that of pummelo, orange and tangerine oils, whereas ,-terpinene, ,-pinene and ,-pinene occurred in higher proportions, moreover, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of this oil is qualitatively more complex and quantitatively more abundant than in the other oils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Real-time mud gas logging and sampling during drilling

GEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2006
J. ERZINGER
Abstract Continuous mud gas loggings during drilling as well as offline mud gas sampling are standard procedures in oil and gas operations, where they are used to test reservoir rocks for hydrocarbons while drilling. Our research group has developed real-time mud gas monitoring techniques for scientific drilling in non-hydrocarbon formations mainly to sample and study the composition of crustal gases. We describe in detail this technique and provide examples for the evaluation of the continuous gas logs, which are not always easy to interpret. Hydrocarbons, helium, radon and with limitations carbon dioxide and hydrogen are the most suitable gases for the detection of fluid-bearing horizons, shear zones, open fractures, sections of enhanced permeability and permafrost methane hydrate occurrences. Off-site isotope studies on mud gas samples helped reveal the origin and evolution of deep-seated crustal fluids. [source]

An exhumed palaeo-hydrocarbon migration fairway in a faulted carrier system, Entrada Sandstone of SE Utah, USA

GEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2001
I. R. Garden
Abstract The Moab Anticline, east-central Utah, is an exhumed hydrocarbon palaeo-reservoir which was supplied by hydrocarbons that migrated from the Moab Fault up-dip towards the crest of the structure beneath the regional seal of the Tidwell mudstone. Iron oxide reduction in porous, high permeability aeolian sandstones records the secondary migration of hydrocarbons, filling of traps against small sealing faults and spill pathways through the Middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone. Hydrocarbons entered the Entrada Sandstone carrier system from bends and other leak points on the Moab Fault producing discrete zones of reduction that extend for up to 400 m from these leak points. They then migrated in focused stringers, 2,5 m in height, to produce accumulations on the crest of the anticline. Normal faults on the anticline were transient permeability barriers to hydrocarbon migration producing a series of small compartmentalized accumulations. Exsolution of CO2 as local fault seals were breached resulted in calcite cementation on the up-dip side of faults. Field observations on the distribution of iron oxide reduction and calcite cements within the anticline indicate that the advancing reduction fronts were affected neither by individual slip bands in damage zones around faults nor by small faults with sand: sand juxtapositions. Faults with larger throws produced either sand: mudstone juxtapositions or sand: sand contacts and fault zones with shale smears. Shale-smeared fault zones provided seals to the reducing fluid which filled the structural traps to spill points. [source]

Monitored Natural Attenuation of Manufactured Gas Plant Tar Mono- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ground Water: A 14-Year Field Study

GROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION, Issue 3 2009
Edward F. Neuhauser
Site 24 was the subject of a 14-year (5110-day) study of a ground water plume created by the disposal of manufactured gas plant (MGP) tar into a shallow sandy aquifer approximately 25 years prior to the study. The ground water plume in 1988 extended from a well-defined source area to a distance of approximately 400 m down gradient. A system of monitoring wells was installed along six transects that ran perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plume centerline. The MGP tar source was removed from the site in 1991 and a 14-year ground water monitored natural attenuation (MNA) study commenced. The program measured the dissolved mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs and PAHs) periodically over time, which decreased significantly over the 14-year period. Naphthalene decreased to less than 99% of the original dissolved mass, with mass degradation rates of 0.30 per year (half-life 2.3 years). Bulk attenuation rate constants for plume centerline concentrations over time ranged from 0.33 ± 0.09 per year (half-life 2.3 ± 0.8 years) for toluene and 0.45 ± 0.06 per year (half-life 1.6 ± 0.2 years) for naphthalene. The hydrogeologic setting at Site 24, having a sandy aquifer, shallow water table, clay confining layer, and aerobic conditions, was ideal for demonstrating MNA. However, these results demonstrate that MNA is a viable remedial strategy for ground water at sites impacted by MAHs and PAHs after the original source is removed, stabilized, or contained. [source]

Performance and exergetic analysis of vapor compression refrigeration system with an internal heat exchanger using a hydrocarbon, isobutane (R600a)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2008
Ahmet Kabul
Abstract Hydrocarbons (HCs) are excellent refrigerants in many ways such as energy efficiency, critical point, solubility, transport and heat transfer properties, but they are also flammable, which causes the need for changes in standards, production and product. There are increasing number of scientists and engineers who believe that an alternative solution, which has been overlooked, may be provided by using HCs. The main objective of this study is to perform energy and exergy analyses for a vapor compression refrigeration system with an internal heat exchanger using a HC, isobutene (R600a). For a refrigeration capacity of 1 kW and cold chamber temperature of 0°C, energy and exergy balances are taken into account to determine the performance of the refrigeration system. Energy and exergy fluxes are determined, and irreversibility rates are calculated for every component of the system. It is seen that the compressor has the highest irreversibility rate, and the heat exchanger has the lowest. Also from the result of the analysis, it is found that condenser and evaporator temperatures have strong effects on energetic and exergetic performances of the system such as coefficient of performance (COP), efficiency ratio (,), exergetic efficiency (,) and irreversibility rate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Metalloporphyrin/Iodine(III)-Cocatalyzed Oxygenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 9 2010
Akira Yoshimura
Abstract Hypervalent iodine species have a pronounced catalytic effect on the metalloporphyrin-mediated oxygenations of aromatic hydrocarbons. In particular, the oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone with Oxone readily occurs at room temperature in aqueous acetonitrile in the presence of 5,20,mol% of iodobenzene and 5,mol% of a water-soluble iron(III)-porphyrin complex. 2- tert -Butylanthracene and phenanthrene also can be oxygenated under similar conditions in the presence of 50,mol% of iodobenzene. The oxidation of styrene in the presence of 20,mol% of iodobenzene leads to a mixture of products of epoxidation and cleavage of the double bond. Partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and 2,3-dihydro-1H -indene) afford under these conditions products of oxidation at the benzylic position in moderate yields. The proposed mechanism for these catalytic oxidations includes two catalytic redox cycles: 1) initial oxidation of iodobenzene with Oxone producing the hydroxy(phenyl)iodonium ion and hydrated iodosylbenzene, and 2) the oxidation of iron(III)-porphyrin to the oxoiron(IV)-porphyrin cation-radical complex by the intermediate iodine(III) species. The oxoiron(IV)-porphyrin cation-radical complex acts as the actual oxygenating agent toward aromatic hydrocarbons. [source]

Binuclear Iron(III) Phthalocyanine(,-Oxodimer)-Catalyzed Oxygenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Iodosylbenzene Sulfate and Iodosylbenzene as the Oxidants

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 18 2009
Heather
Abstract Two binuclear iron(III) phthalocyanine-(,-oxodimer) complexes were tested in catalytic oxygenation reactions of several aromatic hydrocarbons using iodosylbenzene (PhIO)n or oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate [(PhIO)3SO3]n as the oxidants. Results of this study demonstrate that [(PhIO)3SO3]n is the most reactive oxygenating reagent that can be used as a safe and convenient alternative to the thermally unstable and potentially explosive iodosylbenzene. The pyridine-containing binuclear ,-oxobis{iron(III)-pyridino[3,4]-9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri- tert -butyltribenzoporphyrazine} is significantly more active as compared to the traditional ,-oxobis[iron(III)-2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra- tert -butylphthalocyanine]. [source]

Metal-Free: An Efficient and Selective Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Oxime and N -Hydroxyphthalimide

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 16 2009
Gengxiu Zheng
Abstract A non-metal catalytic system consisting of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and N -hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons with dioxygen is described. The synergistic effect of DMG and NHPI ensures its efficient catalytic ability: 82.1% conversion of ethylbenzene with 94.9% selectivity for acetophenone could be obtained at 80,°C under 0.3,MPa of dioxygen in 10,h. Several hydrocarbons were efficiently oxidized to their corresponding oxygenated products under mild conditions. [source]

Expanding the Suzuki,Heck-Type Coupling Cascade: A New Indeno[1,2,3]-Annelation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 7-8 2009
Jennifer
Abstract Fluoranthene derivatives can be constructed in a single operation by a palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction sequence, starting from a peri -dichloronaphthalene derivative and various arylboronic acids. [source]

Comparative Reactivity of Hypervalent Iodine Oxidants in Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Oxygenation of Hydrocarbons: Iodosylbenzene Sulfate and 2-Iodylbenzoic Acid Ester as Safe and Convenient Alternatives to Iodosylbenzene

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 5 2009

Abstract A comparative study of the reactivity of 2-iodylbenzoic acid isopropyl ester (IBX-ester), oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate [(PhIO)3,SO3]n, and iodosylbenzene in the oxygenation of anthracene in the presence of metal porphyrin or phthalocyanine complexes is reported. Results of this study demonstrate that oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate and the IBX-ester are the most reactive oxygenating reagents that can be used as a safe and convenient alternative to the thermally unstable and potentially explosive iodosylbenzene. [source]

Determination of conjugated dienes in petroleum products by supercritical fluid chromatography and ultraviolet detection

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 15-16 2003
Flávio Cortiñas Albuquerque
Abstract A method for determining total conjugated dienes in petroleum products, such as catalytic or thermal cracking fractions, using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is presented. The separation is carried out in one or two silica columns and with CO2 as mobile phase. The conditions of analysis are the same as used in group-type analysis of diesel fuels by SFC (ASTM D 5186 standard method), except that UV detection at 240 nm is used. Hydrocarbons with two conjugated double bonds are the only substances eluting in the retention time range of the non-aromatics that appreciably absorb UV radiation at this wavelength. This was confirmed by analyzing standards of olefins, isolated diolefins, and conjugated diolefins. Results are reported in mol L,1 of 1,3-pentadiene. Several samples of different natures, such as fluid catalytic cracking liquid products and hydrotreated cracking naphthas, were successfully analyzed. The results correlate quite well with the respective diene values as determined by UOP method 326, although the slope and intercept were specific for each type of product. [source]

QSAR Models for the Dermal Penetration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Based on Gene Expression Programming

MOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 7 2008
Tao Wang
Abstract Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a novel machine learning technique. The GEP is used to build nonlinear quantitative structure activity relationship model for the prediction of the Percent of Applied Dose Dermally Absorbed (PADA) over 24,h for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This model is based on descriptors which are calculated from the molecular structure. Three descriptors are selected from the descriptors pool by Heuristic Method (HM) to build a multivariable linear model. The GEP method produced a nonlinear quantitative model with a correlation coefficient and a mean error of 0.92 and 4.70 for the training set, 0.91 and 7.65 for the test set, respectively. It is shown that the GEP predicted results are in good agreement with experimental ones. [source]

Magnetism in hydro- and dehydrogenated benzene

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2009
J. A. Vergés
Abstract Recently, it has been shown that selective hydrogenation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) can lead to high spin molecules. In particular, this is the case of some forms of hydrogenated coronene and coranulenne. In this work, mono- and multi-determinantal methods are used to show that hydrogenation of benzene, and dehydrogenation of benzene and coronene (a highly unlikely process), may lead to species whose ground states are characterized by a large spin degeneracy. Results for dehydrogenated coronene can be explained by Lieb's theorem for bipartite lattices. On the other hand, the theorem does not predict the correct spin of ground states for various forms of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated benzene (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Aerobic Cometabolism of Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: A Technology Overview

REMEDIATION, Issue 1 2000
Michael T. Saul
Bioremediation of chlorinated solvents has been moving from an innovative to mainstream technology for environmental applications. Cometablism of chlorinated solvents by monooxygenase has been demonstrated for trichloroethylene (TCE). Cl-out microbes combine the dehalogenation of PCE with the monooxygenase destruction of TCE to complete the PCE breakdown pathway. Underthe right conditions, cometabolic bioremediation can be cost effective, fast, and complete. Aerobic bioremediation can augment mass transfer technologies such as pump and treat or sparging/vapor extraction to improve their efficiency. [source]

Efficient and Stable Blue Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Fluorene-Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 49 2009
Khalid
Sicher abgeschirmt: Die Fluorensubstituenten neuartiger Diphenylanthracen(DPA)-, Pyren- und Anthracen-Derivate verursachen eine sterische Hinderung, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Chromophoren verhindert und den Molekülen hohe Photolumineszenzquantenausbeuten verleiht. Fluoren-substituiertes DPA (1) zeichnet sich durch eine hoch effiziente und stabile blaue Elektrochemilumineszenz (ECL) aus. [source]

Catalytic Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass-derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons

CHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 9 2008
J. A. Dumesic
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Promoted by Cobalt or Manganese Nanoparticles.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2010
Fabiana Nador
Abstract Partial reduction of a variety of polycyclic (het)aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved in a simple and efficient manner. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Some Aromatic Aldehydes, Hydrocarbons, and Alcohols by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2009
Praveen K. Tandon
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Nickel-Catalyzed Cycloadditions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, Aldehydes, and Ketones.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 32 2008
Thomas N. Tekavec
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Synthesis of ,-Amino Acid Derivatives by Nickel(0)-Mediated Sequential Addition of Carbon Dioxide and Dibenzoyldiazene onto Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 32 2007
Masahiro Murakami
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

Oxidative-Substitution Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Iodine(III) Sulfonate Reagents.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2006
Gerald F. Koser
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]