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Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (human + cytomegalovirus_infection)
Selected AbstractsPreemptive Therapy for Systemic and Pulmonary Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Lung Transplant RecipientsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2009G. Gerna The incidence and treatment of both systemic and pulmonary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as well as HCMV-specific T-cell immune responses were investigated in 57 consecutive lung transplant recipients (LTR) by using as cutoffs for preemptive therapy: 300 000 DNA copies/mL whole blood for systemic infections and 100 000 DNA copies/mL bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for lung infections. Results showed that out of 29/57 LTR (50.9%) needing preemptive antiviral therapy, 15 (51.7%) reached the blood cutoff, 8 (27.6%) the pulmonary cutoff and 6 (20.7%) both the blood and the lung cutoff (3 simultaneously and 3 subsequently). Recovery of HCMV-specific T-cell immune responses was achieved much earlier for CD8+ than CD4+ T cells. However, protection from HCMV reactivation was conferred by the presence of both arms of the T-cell response. In two LTR reaching the pulmonary cutoff and not preemptively treated, a full HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response was associated with resolution of lung infection. Antirejection steroid therapy suppressed T-cell immune responses, thus facilitating HCMV reactivation. In conclusion, in LTR, monitoring HCMV infection in both blood and lungs, may improve preemptive therapy efficacy. In addition, monitoring the HCMV-specific T-cell immune response appears useful for predicting control of HCMV infection in the posttransplant period. [source] The study of cytopathological aspects induced by human cytomegalovirus infectionDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2004B.S., C.M.I.A.C., Takako Takeuchi C.T. Abstract In cytological examination, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can not be implied unless typical HCMV-infected cells like owl's-eye cells are present. However, such cells are not always observed in HCMV-infection cases. The aim of our study is to establish the cytopathological features induced by HCMV. In vitro transfection and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on human embryo lung (HEL) cells. Marked cellular aggregation was observed at 6-hr postinfection (hpi). Multinucleated cells, giant cells, and, particularly, small vacuoles were present in the nuclei or cytoplasm before the appearance of inclusion bodies. However, molding and ground glass in nuclei were absent. Cell clusters displayed round cytoplasm, dispersed later, and showed anisocytosis. All features occurred before 48 hpi when the owl's-eye cell appeared. In FISH, the positive signal highlighted viral particles that became predominant and localized in nuclei. These cytological aspects are dependent on viral replication and contribute to the cytological detection of HCMV infection. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:289,293. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Differential mutagen sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from smokers and nonsmokers: Effect of human cytomegalovirus infectionENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 3 2004Thomas Albrecht Abstract We used the mutagen sensitivity assay to test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection modifies the sensitivity of cells to genetic damage from genotoxic agents. Chromosome aberration (CA) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 20 smokers who were matched with 20 nonsmokers by age (± 5 years), sex, and ethnicity was evaluated following in vitro exposure to bleomycin and/or HCMV infection. Bleomycin induced significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent increases in the frequency of aberrant cells, chromatid-type damage (breaks), and chromosome-type aberrations (deletions, rearrangements) in PBLs. The baseline (background) CA frequency was similar in both smokers and nonsmokers. Significantly higher frequencies of aberrant cells (P < 0.05) were observed in PBLs from smokers compared to nonsmokers at all bleomycin concentrations tested (10, 30 and 100 ,g/ml). Infection of PBLs with HCMV induced a significant (P < 0.05) twofold increase in the frequency of CA (primarily chromatid breaks) in PBLs, regardless of the smoking status. PBLs from smokers and nonsmokers infected with HCMV prior to challenge with bleomycin demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent increases in the levels of aberrant cells, chromatid-type damage (breaks), and chromosome-type aberrations (deletions, rearrangements) compared to noninfected cells challenged with bleomycin. The frequency of induced CA was consistently higher for PBLs derived from smokers relative to nonsmokers (P = 0.06 and 0.002). These data indicate that, individually, both smoking and HCMV infection significantly enhance the sensitivity of PBLs to bleomycin-induced genetic damage. More importantly, the data also suggest that smoking and HCMV infection interact synergistically to enhance the sensitivity of PBLs to such damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 43:169,178, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Oral valganciclovir for colonic dilatation in ulcerative colitis associated with human cytomegalovirus infectionINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 5 2010Valeria Criscuoli MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Molecular epidemiology of primary human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and their familiesJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2008Maria Grazia Revello Abstract The source of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was investigated in 29 pregnant women with primary HCMV infection by comparing DNA sequences of UL146, UL144 and a portion of UL55 gene of HCMV strains circulating within each family. Thirteen families were identified in which the pregnant woman, the husband and/or a child were shedding HCMV. In three of these families, both the woman and the husband suffered from a concomitant primary HCMV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of UL146, UL144, and UL55 genes indicated that strains circulating within each family were identical, whereas strains from different families appeared to be distinct. However, identical UL146, UL144, and UL55 DNA sequences were observed sporadically among unrelated strains. A child rather than the husband was the virus source for the great majority of pregnant women. No association was observed between UL144 polymorphisms and intrauterine transmission. J. Med. Virol. 80:1415,1425, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||